伊乐藻对水体磷浓度的生理响应
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摘要
为探究不同磷浓度下伊乐藻的生理及生长特征,采用静态模拟试验,通过对伊乐藻生物量和抗氧化防御系统等指标的测定及不同组织亚细胞结构变化的观察,研究伊乐藻对磷浓度的响应。结果表明,在氮浓度为0.20 mg/L培养14 d时,伊乐藻对≥0.05 mg/L的磷浓度表现出明显胁迫反应;综合SOD、ASA和MDA等数据分析结果得出,在试验周期内,伊乐藻对≤0.80 mg/L的磷胁迫可以通过自身抗氧化系统进行调节修复;当磷浓度达1.60 mg/L时,随着胁迫时间延长,伊乐藻体内的抗氧化系统遭到破坏,使植株失去自我调节修复能力,内在表现为伊乐藻根、茎、叶组织中线粒体、叶绿体等亚细胞结构的完整性遭到破坏。
The physiological and growth characteristics of submerged plant Elodea nuttallii at different phosphorus concentrations were studied in a static simulation experiment by measuring the biomass, antioxidant defense system and the changes in subcellular structure of different tissues. The results revealed that under 0.20 mg/L nitrogen concentration, Elodea nuttallii demonstrated a significant stress response to phosphorus concentrations level greater than 0.05 mg/L in 14 days. Comprehen-sive analysis of SOD, ASA and MDA and other data, during the experimental period, showed that the phosphorus concentra-tion stress less than 0.80 mg/L can be adjusted through its antioxidant system. As the extension of stress time, when the phos-phorus concentration was more than 1.60 mg/L, Elodea nuttallii antioxidant system was destroyed, because the plants lost their adjusting ability to repair, inside the root, stem and leaf tissues such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and the structural in-tegrity of cells were damaged.
The physiological and growth characteristics of submerged plant Elodea nuttallii at different phosphorus concentrations were studied in a static simulation experiment by measuring the biomass, antioxidant defense system and the changes in subcellular structure of different tissues. The results revealed that under 0.20 mg/L nitrogen concentration, Elodea nuttallii demonstrated a significant stress response to phosphorus concentrations level greater than 0.05 mg/L in 14 days. Comprehen-sive analysis of SOD, ASA and MDA and other data, during the experimental period, showed that the phosphorus concentra-tion stress less than 0.80 mg/L can be adjusted through its antioxidant system. As the extension of stress time, when the phos-phorus concentration was more than 1.60 mg/L, Elodea nuttallii antioxidant system was destroyed, because the plants lost their adjusting ability to repair, inside the root, stem and leaf tissues such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and the structural in-tegrity of cells were damaged.
引文
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[16]宋玉芝,王宇佳,王锦旗,等.水体氮磷浓度对两种沉水植物上附着藻类的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(9):3208-3212.Song Yuzhi,Wang Yujia,Wang Jinqi,et al.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration on epiphytic algae living on two types of submerged plants[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(9):3208-3212.
[17]郭俊秀,许秋瑾,金相灿,等.不同磷质量浓度对穗花狐尾藻和轮叶黑藻生长的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(1):118-123.Guo Junxiu,Xu Qiujin,Jin Xiangcan,et al.Effect of phosphorus concentration on growth of Myriophyllum Spaicatum and Hydrilla Verticillata[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(1):118-123.
[18]Zhu B,Mayer C M,Rudstam L G,et al.A comparison of irradiance and phosphorus effects on the growth of three submerged macrophytes[J].Aquatic Botany,2008,88(4):358-362.
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[20]马剑敏,靳同霞,李今,等.伊乐藻、苦草和菹草对磷急性胁迫的响应[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(3):408-412.Ma Jianmin,Jin Tongxia,Li Jin,et al.Responses of Elodea nuttallii,Vallisneria Natans and Potamogeton Crispus to acte stress of phosphorus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2008,32(3):408-412.
[21]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.Wang Xuekui.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[22]刘晓培,张饮江,李岩,等.不同盐度对苦草生理特征的影响[J].生态科学,2012,31(6):606-612.Liu Xiaopei,Zhang Yinjiang,Li Yan,et al.Effect of different salinity on physiological features of Vallisneria natans[J].Ecological Science,2012,31(6):606-612.
[23]陆景陵.植物营养学(上)(第2版)[M].北京:中国农大出版社,2007.Lu Jingling.Plant Nutriology(I)(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2007.
[24]Cao Te,Ni Leyi,Xie Ping.Acute biochemical responses of a submersed Macrophyte,Potamogeton crispus L.to high ammonium in an aquarium experiment[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2004,19(2):279-284.
[25]黄玉源,雷泽湘,何柳静,等.不同磷浓度对水生植物苦草的影响研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(2):12-16.Huang Yuyuan,Lei Zexiang,He Liujing,et al.Effects of phosphorus concentration of substrates to growth of Vallisneria natans[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(2):12-16.
[26]刘爱荣,张远兵,陈登科.盐胁迫对盐芥(Thellungiella halophila)生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].植物研究,2006,26(2):216-221.Liu Airong,Zhang Yuanbing,Chen Dengke.Effect of salt stress on the growth and the antioxidant enzyme activity of Thellunglla Halophila[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2006,26(2):216-221.
[27]成小英,雍佳君.伊乐藻对硝氮、磷胁迫的急性响应[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(6):336-340.Cheng Xiaoying,Yong Jiajun.On the responses of Elodea nuttallii to the acute stress of nitrate and phosphate[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2014,14(6):336-340.
[28]范长禄.伊乐藻净化富营养化水体中氮磷的效用和生理机制研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2014.Fan Changlu.Research of the Purification Efficiency of Nitrogen Phosphorus in Eutrophic Water and the Physiological Mechanism of Elodea canadensis[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2014.
[2]Schindler D W.Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication[J].Limnology&Oceanography,2006,51(1):356-363.
[3]Qin B Q,Gao G,Zhu G W,et al.Lake eutrophication and its ecosystem response[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(9):961-970.
[4]杨清心.东太湖水生植被的生态功能及调节机制[J].湖泊科学,1998,10(1):67-72.Yang Qingxin.Ecological function of aquatic vegetation in east Taihu Lake and its reasonable regulation[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1998,10(1):67-72.
[5]Blindow I,Andersson G,Hargeby A,et al.Long-term pattern of alternative stable states in two shallow eutrophic lakes[J].Freshwater Biology,2006,30(1):159-167.
[6]吴振斌,邱东茹,贺锋,等.水生植物对富营养水体水质净化作用研究[J].植物科学学报,2001,19(4):299-303.Wu Zhenbin,Qiu Dongru,He Feng,et al.Studies on eutrophicated water quality improvement by means of aquatic macrophytes[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2001,19(4):299-303.
[7]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范(第二版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.Jin Xiangcan,Tu Qingying.Survey Standards of Lake Eutrophication[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1990.
[8]Li C H,Wang B,Ye C,et al.The release of nitrogen and phosphorus during the decomposition process of submerged macrophyte(Hydrilla verticillata Royle)with different biomass levels[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,70:268-274.
[9]熊汉锋.水体中氮磷对沉水植物影响[J].鄂州大学学报,2009,16(5):38-40.Xiong Hanfeng.Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on submerged plants[J].Journal of Ezhou University,2009,16(5):38-40.
[10]周雄飞.浮萍对富营养化水体中N、P净化能力初探[D].扬州:扬州大学,2011.Zhou Xiongfei.Application of duckweed in removing nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophication water[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2011.
[11]Schindler D W,Hecky R E,Findlay D L,et al.Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input:results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(32):11254.
[12]许磊,李华,陈英旭,等.南太湖地区小型浅水湖泊自净能力季节变化研究[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):924-930.Xu Lei,Li Hua,Chen Yingxu,et al.Research on seasonal variation of self-purification ability for small lakes in south Lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2010,31(4):924-930.
[13]Conley D J,Paerl H W,Howarth R W,et al.Controlling eutrophication:nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Science,2009,323(5917):1014.
[14]郭洪涛,曹特,倪乐意.中等实验规模下不同营养环境对苦草(Vallisneria natans)生长的影响[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(2):221-227.Guo Hongtao,Cao Te,Ni Leyi.Effects of different nutrient conditions on the growth of a submerged macrophyte,Vallisneria natans,in a mesocosm experiment[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2008,20(2):221-227.
[15]王小冬,秦伯强,高光,等.伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)对高浓度氮磷营养盐的耐受性[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2561-2566.Wang Xiaodong,Qin Boqiang,Gao Guang,et al.Endurance of Elodea nuttallii to high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2009,28(12):2561-2566.
[16]宋玉芝,王宇佳,王锦旗,等.水体氮磷浓度对两种沉水植物上附着藻类的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(9):3208-3212.Song Yuzhi,Wang Yujia,Wang Jinqi,et al.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration on epiphytic algae living on two types of submerged plants[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(9):3208-3212.
[17]郭俊秀,许秋瑾,金相灿,等.不同磷质量浓度对穗花狐尾藻和轮叶黑藻生长的影响[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(1):118-123.Guo Junxiu,Xu Qiujin,Jin Xiangcan,et al.Effect of phosphorus concentration on growth of Myriophyllum Spaicatum and Hydrilla Verticillata[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(1):118-123.
[18]Zhu B,Mayer C M,Rudstam L G,et al.A comparison of irradiance and phosphorus effects on the growth of three submerged macrophytes[J].Aquatic Botany,2008,88(4):358-362.
[19]范媛媛.富营养水体中氮、磷对沉水植物生长和生理影响的研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2007.Fan Yuanyuan.The Influence of N、P on Growth and Physiology of Submerged Macrophytes in Eutrophic Waters[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2007.
[20]马剑敏,靳同霞,李今,等.伊乐藻、苦草和菹草对磷急性胁迫的响应[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(3):408-412.Ma Jianmin,Jin Tongxia,Li Jin,et al.Responses of Elodea nuttallii,Vallisneria Natans and Potamogeton Crispus to acte stress of phosphorus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2008,32(3):408-412.
[21]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.Wang Xuekui.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[22]刘晓培,张饮江,李岩,等.不同盐度对苦草生理特征的影响[J].生态科学,2012,31(6):606-612.Liu Xiaopei,Zhang Yinjiang,Li Yan,et al.Effect of different salinity on physiological features of Vallisneria natans[J].Ecological Science,2012,31(6):606-612.
[23]陆景陵.植物营养学(上)(第2版)[M].北京:中国农大出版社,2007.Lu Jingling.Plant Nutriology(I)(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2007.
[24]Cao Te,Ni Leyi,Xie Ping.Acute biochemical responses of a submersed Macrophyte,Potamogeton crispus L.to high ammonium in an aquarium experiment[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2004,19(2):279-284.
[25]黄玉源,雷泽湘,何柳静,等.不同磷浓度对水生植物苦草的影响研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(2):12-16.Huang Yuyuan,Lei Zexiang,He Liujing,et al.Effects of phosphorus concentration of substrates to growth of Vallisneria natans[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(2):12-16.
[26]刘爱荣,张远兵,陈登科.盐胁迫对盐芥(Thellungiella halophila)生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].植物研究,2006,26(2):216-221.Liu Airong,Zhang Yuanbing,Chen Dengke.Effect of salt stress on the growth and the antioxidant enzyme activity of Thellunglla Halophila[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2006,26(2):216-221.
[27]成小英,雍佳君.伊乐藻对硝氮、磷胁迫的急性响应[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(6):336-340.Cheng Xiaoying,Yong Jiajun.On the responses of Elodea nuttallii to the acute stress of nitrate and phosphate[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2014,14(6):336-340.
[28]范长禄.伊乐藻净化富营养化水体中氮磷的效用和生理机制研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2014.Fan Changlu.Research of the Purification Efficiency of Nitrogen Phosphorus in Eutrophic Water and the Physiological Mechanism of Elodea canadensis[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2014.