浙江北部沿岸春夏季长蛸时空分布及其与海洋环境的关系
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摘要
根据2014—2016年春夏季浙江北部沿岸拖网调查数据,选取时空因子(年、月、经纬度)和环境因子(底层温度SBT、底层盐度SBS、深度Depth和溶解氧DO),分析长蛸(Octopus minor)资源的时空分布情况,并利用提升回归树(boosted regression tree, BRT)模型研究各因子对长蛸资源丰度(以渔获量g/h表示)的影响程度。结果表明:2014年的平均渔获量明显高于2015和2016年,同一年中4月份的渔获量均高于其他月份;主要渔获量分布在122.75°E～123.25°E,30°N～30.5°N之间;2015年的渔场重心较其他年份略向北移动,4月至6月间渔场重心向东北方向移动,但变化不明显;选择以学习率(learning rate,lr)为0.001和复杂度(tree complexity,tc)为4的模型来建立时空环境因子与渔获量的关系,发现溶解氧对渔获量的影响最大,占所有影响因子的45.5%;其次为年和盐度,随后依次为深度(10.7%)、底层温度(7.3%)、纬度(4.7%)、月(4.7%)以及经度(2.3%)。相比较时空因子而言,环境因子对长蛸的渔获量影响更大。溶解氧是直接影响长蛸活动的重要因素,后续研究应该对此因子提高关注。
According to the trawl survey data along north coast of Zhejiang Province during spring and summer of 2014 to 2016, the spatial-temporal factors(year, month, latitude and longitude) and environmental factors(sea bottom temperature, SBT; sea bottom salinity, SBS; depth; dissolved oxygen, DO) were selected to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of Octopus minor, as well as its relative importance using boosted regression tree(BRT). The results showed that the average catch in 2014 is higher than that of 2015 and 2016, and the catch in April is also higher than other months in the same year; the main catch distributed ranged from 122.75°E to 123.25°E,30°N to 30.5°N;the gravity of fishing ground in 2015 moved a little northward compared with the other two years, the gravity of fishing ground also moved a little northward during April to June; the learning rate(lr) 0.001 and tree complexity(tc) 4 were selected to establish the model between environmental factors and catch, and dissolved oxygen(DO) was the most important factor, accounting for 45.5%, then year and salinity, accounting for higher than 10%, then successively, depth(10.7%), SBT(7.3%), latitude(4.7%), month(4.7%) and longitude(2.3%). Environmental factor is more important than spatial-temporal factor to the catch of Octopus minor. Future studies should pay more attention to the dissolved oxygen as it is a critical factor that directly influences the marine organism.
According to the trawl survey data along north coast of Zhejiang Province during spring and summer of 2014 to 2016, the spatial-temporal factors(year, month, latitude and longitude) and environmental factors(sea bottom temperature, SBT; sea bottom salinity, SBS; depth; dissolved oxygen, DO) were selected to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of Octopus minor, as well as its relative importance using boosted regression tree(BRT). The results showed that the average catch in 2014 is higher than that of 2015 and 2016, and the catch in April is also higher than other months in the same year; the main catch distributed ranged from 122.75°E to 123.25°E,30°N to 30.5°N;the gravity of fishing ground in 2015 moved a little northward compared with the other two years, the gravity of fishing ground also moved a little northward during April to June; the learning rate(lr) 0.001 and tree complexity(tc) 4 were selected to establish the model between environmental factors and catch, and dissolved oxygen(DO) was the most important factor, accounting for 45.5%, then year and salinity, accounting for higher than 10%, then successively, depth(10.7%), SBT(7.3%), latitude(4.7%), month(4.7%) and longitude(2.3%). Environmental factor is more important than spatial-temporal factor to the catch of Octopus minor. Future studies should pay more attention to the dissolved oxygen as it is a critical factor that directly influences the marine organism.
引文
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[15] 叶林安,王莉波,江志法,等.2015年东海区营养盐的分布变化特征[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(3):432-439.YE L A,WANG L B,JIANG Z F,et al.Seasonal variations of distribution characteristics of nutrients in the East China Sea in 2015[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(3):432-439.
[16] 吴常文,董智勇,迟长凤,等.曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)繁殖习性及其产卵场修复的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(1):39-46.WU C W,DONG Z Y,CHI C F,et al.Reproductive and spawning habits of Sepiella maindroni off Zhejiang,China[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2010,41(1):39-46.
[17] 马迪,金岳,陈芃,等.基于角质颚形态的东海2种常见乌贼类的种类判别[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(4):594-602.MA D,JIN Y,CHEN P,et al.Species identification of Sepioidea in the East China Sea based on beak morphology[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2018,27(4):594-602.
[18] 吴常文,吕永林.浙江北部沿海长蛸Octopus variabilis生态分布初步研究[J].浙江水产学院学报,1995,14(2):148-150.WU C W,LV Y L.A preliminary study of ecological distribution of Octopus variabilis in northern part of Zhejiang Sea[J].Journal of Zhejiang College of Fisheries,1999,14(2):148-150.
[19] 余为,陈新军,易倩.不同气候模态下西北太平洋柔鱼渔场环境特征分析[J].水产学报,2017,41(4):525-534.YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q.Analysis of variations in the environmental conditions on the fishing ground of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean under different climate modes[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(4):525-534.
[20] 武胜男,余为,陈新军.太平洋褶柔鱼秋生群产卵场环境变化及对资源丰度的影响[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(2):129-138.WU S N,YU W,CHEN X J.Variations in environmental conditions on the spawning grounds of autumn cohort of Todarodes pacificus and their impacts on squid abundance[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(2):129-138.
[21] 陈新军,高峰,官文江,等.渔情预报技术及模型研究进展[J].水产学报,2013,37(8):1270-1280.CHEN X J,GAO F,GUAN W J,et al.Review of fishery forecasting technology and its models[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(8):1270-1280.
[22] MARTíNEZ-RINCóN R O,ORTEGA-GARCíA S,VACA-RODRíGUEZ J G.Comparative performance of generalized additive models and boosted regression trees for statistical modeling of incidental catch of wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) in the Mexican tuna purse-seine fishery[J].Ecological Modelling,2012,233(2):20-25.
[23] NG’AMBI J W,陈武,王春琳,等.长蛸对几个环境因子的耐受能力及栖息习性研究[J].水产科学,2010,29(2):74-78.NG’AMBI J W,CHEN W,WANG C L,et al.Habit and adaptability of common octopus Octopus variabilis to certain environmental factors[J].Fisheries Science,2010,29(2):74-78.
[24] VALVERDE J C,GARCíA B G.Suitable dissolved oxygen levels for common octopus (Octopus vulgaris Cuvier,1797) at different weights and temperatures:analysis of respiratory behaviour[J].Aquaculture,2005,244(1/4):303-314.
[25] TRüBENBACH K,PEGADO M R,SEIBEL B A,et al.Ventilation rates and activity levels of juvenile jumbo squid under metabolic suppression in the oxygen minimum zone[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2013,216:359-368.
[2] 董正之.中国动物志-软体动物门,头足纲[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:206.DONG Z Z.On the present status and exploratory problems of resource of Todarodes pacificus,in the Yellow Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988:206.
[3] 覃涛,俞存根,陈全震,等.舟山渔场及邻近海域头足类(Cephalopod)种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2011,42(1):124-130.QIN T,YU C G,CHEN Q Z,et al.Species composition and quantitative distribution study on Cephalopod in the Zhoushan fishing ground and adjacent waters[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2011,42(1):124-130.
[4] 俞存根,虞聪达,宁平,等.浙江南部外海头足类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(1):27-33.YU C G,YU C D,NING P,et al.Species composition and quantitative distribution of cephalopod in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang province[J].Marine Fisheries,2009,31(1):27-33.
[5] 朱文斌,薛利建,卢占晖,等.东海南部海域头足类群落结构特征及其与环境关系[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(2):436-442.ZHU W B,XUE L J,LU Z H,et al.Cephalopod community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the southern East China Sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2014,45(2):436-442.
[6] 曹杰,陈新军,刘必林,等.鱿鱼类资源量变化与海洋环境关系的研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(2):232-239.CAO J,CHEN X J,LIU B L,et al.Review on the relationship between stock recruitment of squid and oceanographic environment[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(2):232-239.
[7] BEVERTON R J H,HOLT S J.On the dynamics of exploited fish populations[M].Netherlands:Springer,1993.
[8] SATO T,HATANAKA H.A review of assessment of Japanese distant-water fisheries for cephalopods[C]//CADDY J F.Advances in Assessment of World Cephalopod Resources.Roma:FAO 1983.
[9] PANG Y M,TIAN Y J,FU C H,et al.Variability of coastal cephalopods in overexploited China Seas under climate change with implications on fisheries management[J].Fisheries Research,2018,208:22-33.
[10] ELITH J,LEATHWICK J R,HASTIE T.A working guide to boosted regression trees[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2008,77(4):802-813.
[11] BRIEMAN L,FRIEDMAN J,OLSHEN R,et al.Classification and regression trees[M].Belmont:Wadsworth International Group,1984:1-368.
[12] 高峰,陈新军,官文江,等.基于提升回归树的东、黄海鲐鱼渔场预报[J].海洋学报,2015,37(10):39-48.GAO F,CHEN X J,GUAN W J,et al.Fishing ground forecasting of chub mackerel in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using boosted regression trees[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2015,37(10):39-48.
[13] R CORE TEAM.R:A language and environment for statistical computing[EB/OL].Vienna:R Foundation for Statistical Computing.(2018-12-10).https://www.R-project.org/.
[14] 宋海棠,丁天明,余匡军.东海北部头足类的种类组成和数量分布[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),1999,18(2):99-106.SONG H T,DING T M,YU K J.Species composition & quantitative distribution of cephalopod in the north of East China Sea[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science),1999,18(2):99-106.
[15] 叶林安,王莉波,江志法,等.2015年东海区营养盐的分布变化特征[J].上海海洋大学学报,2017,26(3):432-439.YE L A,WANG L B,JIANG Z F,et al.Seasonal variations of distribution characteristics of nutrients in the East China Sea in 2015[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2017,26(3):432-439.
[16] 吴常文,董智勇,迟长凤,等.曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)繁殖习性及其产卵场修复的研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2010,41(1):39-46.WU C W,DONG Z Y,CHI C F,et al.Reproductive and spawning habits of Sepiella maindroni off Zhejiang,China[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2010,41(1):39-46.
[17] 马迪,金岳,陈芃,等.基于角质颚形态的东海2种常见乌贼类的种类判别[J].上海海洋大学学报,2018,27(4):594-602.MA D,JIN Y,CHEN P,et al.Species identification of Sepioidea in the East China Sea based on beak morphology[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2018,27(4):594-602.
[18] 吴常文,吕永林.浙江北部沿海长蛸Octopus variabilis生态分布初步研究[J].浙江水产学院学报,1995,14(2):148-150.WU C W,LV Y L.A preliminary study of ecological distribution of Octopus variabilis in northern part of Zhejiang Sea[J].Journal of Zhejiang College of Fisheries,1999,14(2):148-150.
[19] 余为,陈新军,易倩.不同气候模态下西北太平洋柔鱼渔场环境特征分析[J].水产学报,2017,41(4):525-534.YU W,CHEN X J,YI Q.Analysis of variations in the environmental conditions on the fishing ground of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean under different climate modes[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2017,41(4):525-534.
[20] 武胜男,余为,陈新军.太平洋褶柔鱼秋生群产卵场环境变化及对资源丰度的影响[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(2):129-138.WU S N,YU W,CHEN X J.Variations in environmental conditions on the spawning grounds of autumn cohort of Todarodes pacificus and their impacts on squid abundance[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(2):129-138.
[21] 陈新军,高峰,官文江,等.渔情预报技术及模型研究进展[J].水产学报,2013,37(8):1270-1280.CHEN X J,GAO F,GUAN W J,et al.Review of fishery forecasting technology and its models[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(8):1270-1280.
[22] MARTíNEZ-RINCóN R O,ORTEGA-GARCíA S,VACA-RODRíGUEZ J G.Comparative performance of generalized additive models and boosted regression trees for statistical modeling of incidental catch of wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) in the Mexican tuna purse-seine fishery[J].Ecological Modelling,2012,233(2):20-25.
[23] NG’AMBI J W,陈武,王春琳,等.长蛸对几个环境因子的耐受能力及栖息习性研究[J].水产科学,2010,29(2):74-78.NG’AMBI J W,CHEN W,WANG C L,et al.Habit and adaptability of common octopus Octopus variabilis to certain environmental factors[J].Fisheries Science,2010,29(2):74-78.
[24] VALVERDE J C,GARCíA B G.Suitable dissolved oxygen levels for common octopus (Octopus vulgaris Cuvier,1797) at different weights and temperatures:analysis of respiratory behaviour[J].Aquaculture,2005,244(1/4):303-314.
[25] TRüBENBACH K,PEGADO M R,SEIBEL B A,et al.Ventilation rates and activity levels of juvenile jumbo squid under metabolic suppression in the oxygen minimum zone[J].Journal of Experimental Biology,2013,216:359-368.