特厚煤层分层综放开采断层-离层耦合溃水机理
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摘要
为了研究在复杂条件下断层-离层耦合溃水的机理及制定相应的防治水措施,在分析了老虎台井田地质、水文地质和开采条件的基础上,结合水害事故,采用数值模拟和相似材料模拟两种方法,对特厚煤层分层综放开采工作面"两带"发育高度、断层和离层空间形成特征进行了定量化研究,工作面回采后的冒采比和裂采比分别为4. 98～5. 42和7. 10～7. 30;断层空间形态和大小主要受到断层落差和与工作面距离影响;离层空间主要形成于不同岩性接触面附近。基于工作面顶板断层和离层空间形成、充水和溃水过程分析,揭示了断层-离层耦合溃水机理:上分层工作面回采导致覆岩中产生断层和离层空间,在接受含水层的持续补给后形成断层和离层水体,下分层工作面回采产生的垮落带波及至水体后发生溃水事故,与以往断层水害和离层水害相比,具有以下特点:断层和离层同时作为水害事故的充水水源和导水通道;垮落带是导致水害发生的主要因素;水害的孕育和发生分别在不同的工作面。针对水害特点提出了相应的防治水方案,首先对研究区进行水害威胁程度分区,受水害威胁轻及较轻区域的煤炭资源可以正常回采,受水害威胁较重及重区域的煤炭资源必须采取以下措施方可回采:注浆充填已形成的断层和离层空间,疏放已形成的断层和离层水体,减少工作面回采对覆岩中断层和离层水体的扰动。根据典型工作面的安全回采,初步验证了溃水机理的正确性和防治水方案的可靠性,下一步将根据井上、下工程验证,补充和完善防治水措施。
In order to research the water inrush mechanism of fault coupling bed separation under the complex condition and formulate corresponding water disaster control measures. Based on the analysis of geological,hydrogeological and mining condition in Laohutai coal mine,combined with water inrush accident,numerical simulation and similar material simulation were used to research "two zones"development rule of working face,the space formation characteristics of fault and bed separation with fully-mechanized sublevel caving of ultra-thick coal seam.The caving to mining ratio and fracturing to mining ratio are 4.98-5.42 and 7.10-7.30.The spatial form and size of faults are mainly affected by the fault throw and the distance from the working face.The bed separation space is mainly formed near the contact surface of different stratum.Based on the analysis of formation,water filling and water inrush process of fault and bed separation on the roof of working face,water inrush mechanism of fault coupling bed separation were find out:the mining of upper layer working face led to fault and bed separation space,then the space were filled with water from aquifer continuous replenishment,the water inrush was happened when the caving zone connected water body after lower working face mined.Compared with the previous water disaster caused by fault and bed separation,the water inrush of fault coupling bed separation has the following characteristics: the fault and bed separation are water filling source and channel of water disaster at the same time; The caving zone is the main cause of water disaster; The gestation and occurrence of water disaster are in different working face.For water damage characteristics,the corresponding project of water control was put forward.First of all,the research area is partition according to water disaster threat degree.Then,the coal resources not threatened by water disaster can be mining.The coal resources threatened by water disaster can be mining after the following measures: grouting and filling the space of fault and bed separation,drainage the water of fault and bed separation and reducing the disturbance from working face mining to the water of fault and bed separation.According to the safety mining of typical working face,the correctness of water inrush mechanism and the reliability of water disaster control scheme are preliminarily verified. In the next step,the water disaster control measures will be supplemented and improved according to the engineering verification on the ground and underground.
In order to research the water inrush mechanism of fault coupling bed separation under the complex condition and formulate corresponding water disaster control measures. Based on the analysis of geological,hydrogeological and mining condition in Laohutai coal mine,combined with water inrush accident,numerical simulation and similar material simulation were used to research "two zones"development rule of working face,the space formation characteristics of fault and bed separation with fully-mechanized sublevel caving of ultra-thick coal seam.The caving to mining ratio and fracturing to mining ratio are 4.98-5.42 and 7.10-7.30.The spatial form and size of faults are mainly affected by the fault throw and the distance from the working face.The bed separation space is mainly formed near the contact surface of different stratum.Based on the analysis of formation,water filling and water inrush process of fault and bed separation on the roof of working face,water inrush mechanism of fault coupling bed separation were find out:the mining of upper layer working face led to fault and bed separation space,then the space were filled with water from aquifer continuous replenishment,the water inrush was happened when the caving zone connected water body after lower working face mined.Compared with the previous water disaster caused by fault and bed separation,the water inrush of fault coupling bed separation has the following characteristics: the fault and bed separation are water filling source and channel of water disaster at the same time; The caving zone is the main cause of water disaster; The gestation and occurrence of water disaster are in different working face.For water damage characteristics,the corresponding project of water control was put forward.First of all,the research area is partition according to water disaster threat degree.Then,the coal resources not threatened by water disaster can be mining.The coal resources threatened by water disaster can be mining after the following measures: grouting and filling the space of fault and bed separation,drainage the water of fault and bed separation and reducing the disturbance from working face mining to the water of fault and bed separation.According to the safety mining of typical working face,the correctness of water inrush mechanism and the reliability of water disaster control scheme are preliminarily verified. In the next step,the water disaster control measures will be supplemented and improved according to the engineering verification on the ground and underground.
引文
[1]蒋金泉,武泉林,曲华.硬厚岩层下逆断层采动应力演化与断层活化特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):267-277.JIANG Jingquan,WU Quanlin,QU Hua. Characteristic of mining stress evolution and activation of the reverse fault below the hard-thick strata[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):267-277.
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[5]赵善坤.采动影响下逆冲断层“活化”特征试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(2):354-360.ZHAO Shankun.Experiments on the characteristics of thrust fault activation influenced by mining operation[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(2):354-360.
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[7]姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫,等.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,ZHAO Yixin,et al. Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):1-5.
[8]乔伟,黄阳,袁中帮,等.巨厚煤层综放开采顶板离层水形成机制及防治方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2076-2084.QIAO Wei,HUANG Yang,YUAN Zhongbang,et al. Formation and prevention of water inrush from roof bed separation with fully-mechanized caving mining of ultra thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2076-2084.
[9]乔伟,李文平,李小琴.采场顶板离层水“静水压涌突水”机理及防治[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):96-104.QIAO Wei,LI Wenping,LI Xiaoqin. Mechanism of “hydrostatic water-inrush”and countermeasures for water inrush in roof bed separation of a mining face[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):96-104.
[10]孙学阳,刘自强,杜荣军,等.煤层顶板次生离层水周期突水致灾过程模拟[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(S2):510-516.SUN Xueyang,LIU Ziqiang,DU Rongjun,et al. Simulation on the progress of periodical water inrush caused by burst of water cells formed by overburden strata separation[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(S2):510-516.
[11]李新凤,白锦琳.济宁三号煤矿采场顶板离层水对生产的影响[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(5):98-100,94.LI Xinfeng,BAI Jinlin. Influence of stope roof separation water to production of Jining three coal mine[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(5):98-100,94.
[12]姜国成.华亭大柳煤矿综放工作面顶板离层水层位分析[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(7):69-70,74.JIANG Guocheng.Position analysis on water in roof bed separation in fully-mechanized face of Huating Daliu coal mine[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(7):69-70,74.
[13]方刚,靳德武.铜川玉华煤矿顶板离层水突水机理与防治[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(3):57-64.FANG Gang,JIN Dewu. Research on the roof stratifugic water inrush mechanism and control in Tongchuan Yuhua coal mine[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(3):57-64.
[14]李小琴.坚硬覆岩下重复采动离层水涌突机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2011.LI Xiaoqin.Dynamic water gushing separation mechanism of repeated mining under hard strata[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology,2011.
[15]韩东亚,王经明.海孜煤矿顶板次生离层水的形成与防治[J].华北科技学院学报,2008(1):9-12.HAN Dongya,WANG Jingming. Investigation on water hazards caused by the water cell formed by overburden strata separation and its control in Haizi coal mine[J]. Journal of North China Institute of Science&Technology,2008(1):9-12.
[16]张宏伟,朱志洁,霍利杰,等.特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏高度[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):816-821.ZHANG Hongwei,ZHU Zhijie,HUO Lijie,et al. The overburden failure height of super high seam by fully mechanized caving method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(5):816-821.
[2]乔伟,胡戈,李文平.综放开采断层活化突水渗流转换试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(1):30-37.QIAO Wei,HU Ge,LI Wenping. Experimental study on the conversion from seepage to flow of water inrush aroused by fault activation in fully mechanized top-coal caving[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(1):30-37.
[3]朱斯陶,姜福兴,KOUAME K J A,等.深井特厚煤层综放工作面断层活化规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(1):50-58.ZHU Sitao,JIANG Fuxing,KOUAME K J A,et al.Fault activation of fully mechanized caving face in extra-thick coal seam of deep shaft[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):50-58.
[4]卜万奎,徐慧.某矿区带压开采逆断层活化及突水性分析[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(7):1177-1183.BU Wankui,XU Hui. Analysis on reverse fault activation and water inrush possibility for coal mining above confined aquifer in a mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(7):1177-1183.
[5]赵善坤.采动影响下逆冲断层“活化”特征试验研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(2):354-360.ZHAO Shankun.Experiments on the characteristics of thrust fault activation influenced by mining operation[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(2):354-360.
[6]师本强,侯忠杰.覆岩中断层活化突水的力学分析及其应用[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3053-3057.SHI Benqiang,HOU Zhongjie.Mechanical analysis of fault activation water inrush in over burden rock and its application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3053-3057.
[7]姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫,等.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,ZHAO Yixin,et al. Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(1):1-5.
[8]乔伟,黄阳,袁中帮,等.巨厚煤层综放开采顶板离层水形成机制及防治方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(10):2076-2084.QIAO Wei,HUANG Yang,YUAN Zhongbang,et al. Formation and prevention of water inrush from roof bed separation with fully-mechanized caving mining of ultra thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(10):2076-2084.
[9]乔伟,李文平,李小琴.采场顶板离层水“静水压涌突水”机理及防治[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(1):96-104.QIAO Wei,LI Wenping,LI Xiaoqin. Mechanism of “hydrostatic water-inrush”and countermeasures for water inrush in roof bed separation of a mining face[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(1):96-104.
[10]孙学阳,刘自强,杜荣军,等.煤层顶板次生离层水周期突水致灾过程模拟[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(S2):510-516.SUN Xueyang,LIU Ziqiang,DU Rongjun,et al. Simulation on the progress of periodical water inrush caused by burst of water cells formed by overburden strata separation[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(S2):510-516.
[11]李新凤,白锦琳.济宁三号煤矿采场顶板离层水对生产的影响[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(5):98-100,94.LI Xinfeng,BAI Jinlin. Influence of stope roof separation water to production of Jining three coal mine[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(5):98-100,94.
[12]姜国成.华亭大柳煤矿综放工作面顶板离层水层位分析[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(7):69-70,74.JIANG Guocheng.Position analysis on water in roof bed separation in fully-mechanized face of Huating Daliu coal mine[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(7):69-70,74.
[13]方刚,靳德武.铜川玉华煤矿顶板离层水突水机理与防治[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(3):57-64.FANG Gang,JIN Dewu. Research on the roof stratifugic water inrush mechanism and control in Tongchuan Yuhua coal mine[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(3):57-64.
[14]李小琴.坚硬覆岩下重复采动离层水涌突机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2011.LI Xiaoqin.Dynamic water gushing separation mechanism of repeated mining under hard strata[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology,2011.
[15]韩东亚,王经明.海孜煤矿顶板次生离层水的形成与防治[J].华北科技学院学报,2008(1):9-12.HAN Dongya,WANG Jingming. Investigation on water hazards caused by the water cell formed by overburden strata separation and its control in Haizi coal mine[J]. Journal of North China Institute of Science&Technology,2008(1):9-12.
[16]张宏伟,朱志洁,霍利杰,等.特厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏高度[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):816-821.ZHANG Hongwei,ZHU Zhijie,HUO Lijie,et al. The overburden failure height of super high seam by fully mechanized caving method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(5):816-821.