摘要
近年来,大气CO_2浓度升高等全球气候变化和转Bt作物非靶标害虫抗虫性等问题备受关注.大气CO_2浓度升高直接或间接地影响植食性昆虫,而迄今为止有关大气CO_2浓度升高对刺吸式昆虫(同时也是转Bt作物的非靶标害虫)的影响结论不一,且对其刺吸取食行为的影响研究少有报道.本研究利用智能人工气候箱设置CO_2浓度,研究大气CO_2浓度倍增(800μL·L-1)对转Bt水稻的非靶标害虫褐飞虱取食行为及其生长发育和繁殖等的影响.结果表明:大气CO_2浓度倍增对褐飞虱卵和若虫历期、成虫体质量和寿命,以及4龄和5龄若虫的刺吸取食行为等都具有显著影响,但对其繁殖力影响不显著.与对照CO_2浓度(400μL·L-1)相比,倍增CO_2浓度处理下褐飞虱的卵和若虫历期及雌成虫寿命分别显著缩短了4.0%、4.2%和6.6%;长翅型成虫比例显著增加了11.6%;初羽化成虫体质量降低,且雌成虫体质量显著降低了2.2%;此外,倍增CO_2浓度处理下褐飞虱4龄和5龄若虫口针的刺探效率都显著增加;其中,N4b波的持续时间分别显著延长了60.0%和50.1%,频次分别显著增加了230.0%和155.9%.可见,CO_2浓度倍增可通过提高褐飞虱的刺吸取食而促进其生长发育,并缩短其世代历期、提高长翅成虫比例,最终导致大气CO_2浓度升高下转Bt水稻的非靶标害虫褐飞虱发生危害严重,并面临其迁飞扩散为害加重的风险.
In recent years,the two issues of climate change including elevated CO_2 etc.,and resistance of transgenic Bt crops against non-target insect pests have received widespread attention.Elevated CO_2 can affect the herbivorous insects. To date,there is no consensus about the effect of elevated CO_2 on the suck-feeding insect pests( non-target insect pests of transgenic Bt crops). Its effects on the suck-feeding behavior have rarely been reported. In this study,CO_2 levels were set up in artificial climate chamber to examined the effects of ambient( 400 μL·L-1) and double-ambient( 800 μL·L-1) CO_2 levels on the suck-feeding behavior,growth,development,and reproduction of the non-target insect pest of transgenic Bt rice,brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens. The results showed that CO_2 level significantly affected the egg and nymph duration,longevity and body mass of adults,and feeding behavior of the 4 th and 5 th instar nymphs,while had no effect on the fecundity of N. lugens. The duration of eggs and nymphs,and the longevity of female adults were significantly shortened by 4.0%,4.2% and 6.6% respectively,the proportion of the macropterous adults was significantly increased by 11.6%,and the body mass of newly hatched female adults wassignificantly decreased by 2.2% by elevated CO_2. In addition,elevated CO_2 significantly enhanced the stylet puncturing efficiency of the 4 th and 5 th instar nymphs of N. lugens. The duration of phloem ingestion of the N4b waveform was significantly prolonged by 60. 0% and 50. 1%,and the frequency significantly was increased by 230.0% and 155.9% for the 4 th and 5 th instar nymphs of N. lugens by elevated CO_2,respectively. It was concluded that double-ambient CO_2 could promote the growth and development of N. lugens through enhancing its suck-feeding,shorten the generation life-span and increase the macropertous adults' proportion of N. lugens. Thus,it could result in the occurrence of non-target rice planthopper N. lugens and make the transgenic Bt crops face with harm risk due to migration and diffusion of N. lugens under elevated CO_2.
引文
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