基于流固耦合的车用永磁同步电机水道设计与温度场分析
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摘要
车用牵引电机的温升直接影响新能源汽车牵引系统的安全性和可靠性,电机温升的准确计算和冷却系统的合理设计,对新能源汽车具有非常重要的意义。本文以一台额定功率20kW的车用永磁同步电机为例,从流速、压差、温升等多方面对比螺旋型、轴向Z字型、径向Z字型三种冷却水道。通过合理的等效和假设,建立整机的3D热仿真模型,基于流固耦合对电机进行热仿真,分析不同工况下电机的温升,通过对比分析不同冷却水流速的电机温升选取电机水道入口的最佳流速。最后以最佳流速作为样机冷却水入口流速进行温升实验,验证仿真分析的正确性。
The temperature rise of traction motor for vehicle directly affects the safety and reliability of the new energy vehicle traction system. The accurate calculation of temperature rise of motor and reasonable design of cooling system are of great significance for the new energy vehicle. In this paper, a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a rated power of 20 kW was taken as an example. It compared three types of cooling channels: spiral type, axial Z-shaped and radial Z-shaped from the aspects of flow velocity, differential pressure and temperature rise. Through reasonable equivalent and assumptions, established a 3 D thermal simulation model of the machine. Based on the fluid-solid coupling, the thermal simulation of the motor was carried out to analyze the temperature rise of the motor under different working conditions. By comparing and analyzing the temperature rise of the motor with different cooling water flow rates, the optimal velocity of the inlet of the motor waterway was selected. Finally, the temperature rise experiment was carried out with the optimal velocity as the inlet velocity of cooling water of the prototype to verify the correctness of the simulation analysis.
The temperature rise of traction motor for vehicle directly affects the safety and reliability of the new energy vehicle traction system. The accurate calculation of temperature rise of motor and reasonable design of cooling system are of great significance for the new energy vehicle. In this paper, a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a rated power of 20 kW was taken as an example. It compared three types of cooling channels: spiral type, axial Z-shaped and radial Z-shaped from the aspects of flow velocity, differential pressure and temperature rise. Through reasonable equivalent and assumptions, established a 3 D thermal simulation model of the machine. Based on the fluid-solid coupling, the thermal simulation of the motor was carried out to analyze the temperature rise of the motor under different working conditions. By comparing and analyzing the temperature rise of the motor with different cooling water flow rates, the optimal velocity of the inlet of the motor waterway was selected. Finally, the temperature rise experiment was carried out with the optimal velocity as the inlet velocity of cooling water of the prototype to verify the correctness of the simulation analysis.
引文
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[10]王晓远,杜静娟.CFD分析车用电机螺旋水路的散热特性[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(4):956-963.Wang Xiaoyuan,Du Jingjuan.CFD analysis of heat transfer characterization in spiral channel cooling for permanent magnet electric machine in EVs[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(4):956-963.
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[14]杨学威,张小发.电机壳体Z字型冷却水道设计[J].电机控制与应用,2016,43(9):62-65.Yang Xuewei,Zhang Xiaofa.Z-shaped cooling channels of motor shell designs[J].Electric Machines&Control Application,2016,43(9):62-65.
[15]李翠萍,柴凤,程树康.冷却水流速对汽车水冷电机温升影响研究[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(9):1-7.Li Cuiping,Chai Feng,Cheng Shukang.Research on the effects of cooling water velocity on temperature rise of the water-cooled motor in electric vehicles[J]Electric Machines&Control,2012,16(9):1-7.
[16]王小飞,代颖,罗建,等.电动汽车牵引用水冷异步电机耦合场分析[J].电机控制与应用,2018,45(4):110-115.Wang Xiaofei,Dai Ying,Luo Jian,et al.Coupled field analysis of water-cooled induction motor for electric vehicle[J].Electric Machines&Control Application,2018,45(4):110-115.
[2]Jankowski T A,Prenger F C,Hill D D,et al.Development and validation of a thermal model for electric induction motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(12):4043-4054.
[3]Li Guangjin,Ojeda J,Hoang E,et al.Thermalelectromagnetic analysis for driving cycles of embedded flux-switching permanent-magnet motors vehicular technology[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2012,61(1):140-151.
[4]王晓远,高鹏.等效热网络法和有限元法在轮毂电机温度场计算中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(16):27-33.Wang Xiaoyuan,Gao Peng.Application of equivalent thermal network method and finite element method in temperature calculation of in-wheel motor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,201631(16):27-33.
[5]王红宇,李和明,罗应立,等.三峡水轮发电机全定子非线性热-流体耦合网络模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(8):136-142.Wang Hongyu,Li Heming,Luo Yingli,et al.Research on the nonlinear thermal-liquid coupled network model of whole stator of three-gorge generator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(8):136-142.
[6]张育兴,马伟明,陈伯义,等.周期脉冲式直线感应电机定子瞬态温度特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(9):86-92.Zhang Yuxing,Ma Weiming,Chen Boyi,et al Transient temperature characteristics of periodic pulse-type linear induction motor stators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(9):86-92.
[7]朱高嘉,朱英浩,朱建国,等.基于有限公式法和流固耦合的永磁牵引电动机冷却系统设计与分析[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(5):70-77.Zhu Gaojia,Zhu Yinghao,Zhu Jianguo,et al.Thermal analysis and cooling system design of a permanent magnet traction motor using computational fluid dynamics and cell method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(5):70-77.
[8]张琦,李增亮,董祥伟,等.水下电机损耗加载方式及温度场耦合分析[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(5):1008-1014.Zhang Qi,Li Zengliang,Dong Xiangwei,et al.Study of the loss loading method and coupling analysis of temperature distribution of the underwater motor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(5):1008-1014.
[9]朱高嘉,朱英浩,朱建国,等.永磁电机温度场的改进有限公式迭代算法[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):136-143.Zhu Gaojia,Zhu Yinghao,Zhu Jianguo,et al.Amodified thermal rewind model of permanent magnet motors based on finite formulation method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):136-143.
[10]王晓远,杜静娟.CFD分析车用电机螺旋水路的散热特性[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(4):956-963.Wang Xiaoyuan,Du Jingjuan.CFD analysis of heat transfer characterization in spiral channel cooling for permanent magnet electric machine in EVs[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33(4):956-963.
[11]韩雪岩,张华伟,徐昕,等.基于计算流体力学的非晶合金轴向磁通永磁电机冷却系统设计[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(20):189-197.Han Xueyan,Zhang Huawei,Xu Xin,et al.Design of cooling system for amorphous alloy axial flux permanent magnet motor based on computational fluid dynamics[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(20):189-197.
[12]Liu Ranran,Zheng Ping,Xie Dagang,et al.Research on the high power density electromagnetic propeller[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43(1):355-358.
[13]Pechánek R,Bouzek L.Analyzing of two types water cooling electric motors using computational fluid dynamics[C]//2012 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference,Novi Sad,Serbia,2012:1-5.
[14]杨学威,张小发.电机壳体Z字型冷却水道设计[J].电机控制与应用,2016,43(9):62-65.Yang Xuewei,Zhang Xiaofa.Z-shaped cooling channels of motor shell designs[J].Electric Machines&Control Application,2016,43(9):62-65.
[15]李翠萍,柴凤,程树康.冷却水流速对汽车水冷电机温升影响研究[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(9):1-7.Li Cuiping,Chai Feng,Cheng Shukang.Research on the effects of cooling water velocity on temperature rise of the water-cooled motor in electric vehicles[J]Electric Machines&Control,2012,16(9):1-7.
[16]王小飞,代颖,罗建,等.电动汽车牵引用水冷异步电机耦合场分析[J].电机控制与应用,2018,45(4):110-115.Wang Xiaofei,Dai Ying,Luo Jian,et al.Coupled field analysis of water-cooled induction motor for electric vehicle[J].Electric Machines&Control Application,2018,45(4):110-115.