多尺度裂缝地震综合预测方法——以川中地区下寒武统龙王庙组气藏为例
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摘要
四川盆地磨溪区块下寒武统龙王庙组有效储层的分布主要受裂缝及孔洞发育程度控制,由于裂缝具有多尺度性和非均质性,传统单一的裂缝预测方法难以对其进行精细刻画。为此,针对该区龙王庙组储层裂缝发育特征,利用叠后地震属性预测大尺度裂缝规模,利用应力场分析及叠前方位各向异性联合精细预测中小尺度裂缝密度和方向,综合研究了该地区裂缝展布规律,最终优选出4个裂缝发育条带,并对预测方法进行了对比评价。结果表明:(1)龙王庙组储层的大尺度裂缝主要沿着断裂级构造转折端的高应变区展布,中小尺度裂缝主要集中在工区的东北和西南方向;(2)裂缝类型以构造缝为主,走向为北西—南东向,与主应力方向基本一致。研究区成像测井和钻井取心资料验证了地震预测结果是准确可靠的,证实了以叠前方位各向异性裂缝预测为主、叠后地震属性及应力场分析为辅的裂缝预测方法为分析磨溪区块龙王庙组储层渗流情况、寻找高效储渗区提供了有效的技术支撑。
In the Moxi block of the Sichuan Basin, the distribution of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation effective reservoirs is mainly controlled by the development degree of fractures and vugs. The fractures are characterized by multi-scale and heterogeneity, so it is difficult to describe them precisely by using single traditional fracture prediction method. Considering the development characteristics of fractures in Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs, therefore, the size of large-scale fractures was predicted by using poststack seismic attributes and the density and direction of middle-and small-scale fractures were precisely predicted by means of stress field analysis and prestack azimuthal anisotropy jointly. Then, fracture distribution laws of this area were studied comprehensively. Finally, four fracture development belts were ultimately selected and prediction methods were comparatively evaluated. It is indicated that large-scale fractures in Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs are mainly distributed at the high strain region along the breaking end of faulting structure, and middle-and small-scale fractures are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest of the study area. In this area, structural fractures are dominant, and fracture orientation is NW-SE, basically consistent with principal stress direction. The reliability and accuracy of seismic prediction results are verified by the imaging logging and coring data of the study area. It is proved that this fracture prediction method with prestack azimuthal anisotropy as the principal technology and poststack seismic attribute and stress field analysis as the auxiliary technology can technically provide the effective support for analyzing the seepage performance of Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs in the Moxi block and searching for high-efficiency pay zones with high permeability.
In the Moxi block of the Sichuan Basin, the distribution of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation effective reservoirs is mainly controlled by the development degree of fractures and vugs. The fractures are characterized by multi-scale and heterogeneity, so it is difficult to describe them precisely by using single traditional fracture prediction method. Considering the development characteristics of fractures in Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs, therefore, the size of large-scale fractures was predicted by using poststack seismic attributes and the density and direction of middle-and small-scale fractures were precisely predicted by means of stress field analysis and prestack azimuthal anisotropy jointly. Then, fracture distribution laws of this area were studied comprehensively. Finally, four fracture development belts were ultimately selected and prediction methods were comparatively evaluated. It is indicated that large-scale fractures in Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs are mainly distributed at the high strain region along the breaking end of faulting structure, and middle-and small-scale fractures are mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest of the study area. In this area, structural fractures are dominant, and fracture orientation is NW-SE, basically consistent with principal stress direction. The reliability and accuracy of seismic prediction results are verified by the imaging logging and coring data of the study area. It is proved that this fracture prediction method with prestack azimuthal anisotropy as the principal technology and poststack seismic attribute and stress field analysis as the auxiliary technology can technically provide the effective support for analyzing the seepage performance of Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs in the Moxi block and searching for high-efficiency pay zones with high permeability.
引文
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[4]朱兆林,王永刚,曹丹平.裂缝性储层AVO检测方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):87-92.Zhu Zhaolin,Wang Yonggang&Cao Danping.Review of AVOdetection methods for fractured reservoirs[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(2):87-92.
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[8]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks[J].Geophysics,1981,64(1):133-150.
[9]杨光,李国辉,李楠,陈双玲,汪华,徐亮.四川盆地多层系油气成藏特征与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):1-11.Yang Guang,Li Guohui,Li Nan,Chen Shuangling,Wang Hua&Xu Liang.Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and enrichment laws of multi-layered reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(11):1-11.
[10]马新华.创新驱动助推磨溪区块龙王庙组大型含硫气藏高效开发[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):1-8.Ma Xinhua.Innovation-driven efficient development of the Longwangmiao Fm large-scale sulfur gas reservoir in Moxi block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):1-8.
[11]吴煜宇,谢冰,赖强.四川盆地磨溪-龙女寺区块下寒武统龙王庙组测井相划分及分布规律研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2015,38(4):28-32.Wu Yuyu,Xie Bing&Lai Qiang.Electrofacies division and distribution rules of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation,Moxi-Longnvsi block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2015,38(4):28-32.
[12]刘雷颂,高军,代双河,宁松华.“蚂蚁追踪”裂缝预测技术在中东AD油田开发中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(8):57-61.Liu Leisong,Gao Jun,Dai Shuanghe&Ning Songhua.Application of"ant tracking"fracture prediction technique in development of AD oilfi eld[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(8):57-61.
[13]杨瑞召,李洋,庞海玲,仇念广,接铭丽,马彦龙,等.产状控制蚂蚁体预测微裂缝技术及其应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2013,41(2):72-75.Yang Ruizhao,Li Yang,Pang Hailing,Qiu Nianguang,Jie Minli,Ma Yanlong,et al.Prediction technology of micro fractures by occurrence-controlled ant body and its application[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2013,41(2):72-75.
[14]徐世琦.加里东古隆起震旦-寒武系成藏条件[J].天然气工业,1999,19(6):7-10.Xu Shiqi.Conditions of forming reservoirs in Sinian Cambrian of Caledonian ancient uplift[J].Natural Gas Industry,1999,19(6):7-10.
[15]高云峰,李绪宣,陈桂华,王尚旭.裂缝储层地震预测技术在锦州25-1南潜山的应用研究[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(1):22-27.Gao Yunfeng,Li Xuxuan,Chen Guihua&Wang Shangxu.An application of seismic techniques to predict fractured reservoirs in JZ25-1S buried hill[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(1):22-27.
[16]狄贵东,孙赞东,庞雄奇,刘立峰.应力场模拟约束下的碳酸盐岩裂缝综合预测--以塔中地区ZG8井区为例[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):150-156.Di Guidong,Sun Zandong,Pang Xiongqi&Liu Lifeng.Comprehensive fracture prediction technology constrained by stress fi eld simulation:a case study from ZG8 area of central Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):150-156.
[17]贺振华,黄德济,文晓涛.裂缝油气藏地球物理预测[M].四川科学技术出版社,2007.He Zhenhua,Huang Deji&Wen Xiaotao.Geophysical predictive theory and technique on fractured reservoir[M].Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology,2007.
[18]乐绍东.AVA裂缝检测技术在川西JM构造的应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(4):22-24.Yue Shaodong.Application of AVA fracture detection technique in JM Structure in west Sichuan[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(4):22-24.
[19]孙炜,何治亮,李玉凤,周雁.基于HTI介质各向异性正演的裂缝预测属性优选[J].石油物探,2014,53(2):223-231.Sun Wei,He Zhiliang,Li Yufeng&Zhou Yan.Seismic attributes optimization for fractures prediction based on the anisotropy forwarding of the HTI media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(2):223-231.
[20]曲寿利,季玉新,王鑫,王秀玲,陈新荣,慎国强.全方位P波属性裂缝检测方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):390-397.Qu Shouli,Ji Yuxin,Wang Xin,Wang Xiuling,Chen Xinrong&Shen Guoqiang.Seismic method for using full-azimuth P-wave attribution to detect fracture[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(4):390-397.
[21]姜传金,鞠林波,张广颖,初丽兰.利用地震叠前数据预测火山岩裂缝的方法和效果分析--以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩为例[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):515-523.Jiang Chuanjin,Ju Linbo,Zhang Guangying&Chu Lilan.The method and effect analysis of volcanic fracture prediction with prestack seismic data-An example from the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression,north of Songliao basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(2):515-523.
[22]李忠,梁波,巫芙蓉,邓雁,巫盛洪.地震裂缝综合预测技术在川西致密砂岩储层中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):40-42.Li Zhong,Liang Bo,Wu Furong,Deng Yan&Wu Shenghong.Application of integrated seismic fracture detection technology in tight sand reservoirs in the Western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):40-42.
[23]刘宝.叠前方位各向异性裂缝预测技术在雷家地区的应用研究[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2016,13(5):20-25.Liu Bao.Application of pre-stack anisotropy fracture predicting technology in Leijia area[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2016,13(5):20-25.
[2]赵路子,谢冰,齐宝权,周肖,伍丽红,赖强,等.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起深层海相碳酸盐岩测井评价技术[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):86-92.Zhao Luzi,Xie Bing,Qi Baoquan,Zhou Xiao,Wu Lihong,Lai Qiang,et al.Well log assessment technique in the analysis of the petrophysical properties of deep marine carbonate reservoirs in the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):86-92.
[3]刘振峰,曲寿利,孙建国,董宁.地震裂缝预测技术研究进展[J].石油物探,2012,51(2):191-198.Liu Zhenfeng,Qu Shouli,Sun Jianguo&Dong Ning.Progress of seismic fracture characterization technology[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(2):191-198.
[4]朱兆林,王永刚,曹丹平.裂缝性储层AVO检测方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):87-92.Zhu Zhaolin,Wang Yonggang&Cao Danping.Review of AVOdetection methods for fractured reservoirs[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(2):87-92.
[5]喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞,吴萍.瞬时频域衰减属性及其在碳酸盐岩裂缝检测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1717-1722.Yu Yueyu,Yang Changchun,Wang Yanfei&Wu Ping.P-wave azimuthal attenuation attributes in wavelet-scale domain and its application to fracture detection in carbonate[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(5):1717-1722.
[6]Crampin S.A review of the effects of anisotropic layering on the propagation of seismic waves[J].Geophysics,1977,49(1):9-27.
[7]Crampin S.Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids[J].Geophysics,1984,76(1):135-145.
[8]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks[J].Geophysics,1981,64(1):133-150.
[9]杨光,李国辉,李楠,陈双玲,汪华,徐亮.四川盆地多层系油气成藏特征与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):1-11.Yang Guang,Li Guohui,Li Nan,Chen Shuangling,Wang Hua&Xu Liang.Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics and enrichment laws of multi-layered reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(11):1-11.
[10]马新华.创新驱动助推磨溪区块龙王庙组大型含硫气藏高效开发[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):1-8.Ma Xinhua.Innovation-driven efficient development of the Longwangmiao Fm large-scale sulfur gas reservoir in Moxi block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):1-8.
[11]吴煜宇,谢冰,赖强.四川盆地磨溪-龙女寺区块下寒武统龙王庙组测井相划分及分布规律研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2015,38(4):28-32.Wu Yuyu,Xie Bing&Lai Qiang.Electrofacies division and distribution rules of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation,Moxi-Longnvsi block,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2015,38(4):28-32.
[12]刘雷颂,高军,代双河,宁松华.“蚂蚁追踪”裂缝预测技术在中东AD油田开发中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(8):57-61.Liu Leisong,Gao Jun,Dai Shuanghe&Ning Songhua.Application of"ant tracking"fracture prediction technique in development of AD oilfi eld[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(8):57-61.
[13]杨瑞召,李洋,庞海玲,仇念广,接铭丽,马彦龙,等.产状控制蚂蚁体预测微裂缝技术及其应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2013,41(2):72-75.Yang Ruizhao,Li Yang,Pang Hailing,Qiu Nianguang,Jie Minli,Ma Yanlong,et al.Prediction technology of micro fractures by occurrence-controlled ant body and its application[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2013,41(2):72-75.
[14]徐世琦.加里东古隆起震旦-寒武系成藏条件[J].天然气工业,1999,19(6):7-10.Xu Shiqi.Conditions of forming reservoirs in Sinian Cambrian of Caledonian ancient uplift[J].Natural Gas Industry,1999,19(6):7-10.
[15]高云峰,李绪宣,陈桂华,王尚旭.裂缝储层地震预测技术在锦州25-1南潜山的应用研究[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(1):22-27.Gao Yunfeng,Li Xuxuan,Chen Guihua&Wang Shangxu.An application of seismic techniques to predict fractured reservoirs in JZ25-1S buried hill[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(1):22-27.
[16]狄贵东,孙赞东,庞雄奇,刘立峰.应力场模拟约束下的碳酸盐岩裂缝综合预测--以塔中地区ZG8井区为例[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):150-156.Di Guidong,Sun Zandong,Pang Xiongqi&Liu Lifeng.Comprehensive fracture prediction technology constrained by stress fi eld simulation:a case study from ZG8 area of central Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):150-156.
[17]贺振华,黄德济,文晓涛.裂缝油气藏地球物理预测[M].四川科学技术出版社,2007.He Zhenhua,Huang Deji&Wen Xiaotao.Geophysical predictive theory and technique on fractured reservoir[M].Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology,2007.
[18]乐绍东.AVA裂缝检测技术在川西JM构造的应用[J].天然气工业,2004,24(4):22-24.Yue Shaodong.Application of AVA fracture detection technique in JM Structure in west Sichuan[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(4):22-24.
[19]孙炜,何治亮,李玉凤,周雁.基于HTI介质各向异性正演的裂缝预测属性优选[J].石油物探,2014,53(2):223-231.Sun Wei,He Zhiliang,Li Yufeng&Zhou Yan.Seismic attributes optimization for fractures prediction based on the anisotropy forwarding of the HTI media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(2):223-231.
[20]曲寿利,季玉新,王鑫,王秀玲,陈新荣,慎国强.全方位P波属性裂缝检测方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):390-397.Qu Shouli,Ji Yuxin,Wang Xin,Wang Xiuling,Chen Xinrong&Shen Guoqiang.Seismic method for using full-azimuth P-wave attribution to detect fracture[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(4):390-397.
[21]姜传金,鞠林波,张广颖,初丽兰.利用地震叠前数据预测火山岩裂缝的方法和效果分析--以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩为例[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):515-523.Jiang Chuanjin,Ju Linbo,Zhang Guangying&Chu Lilan.The method and effect analysis of volcanic fracture prediction with prestack seismic data-An example from the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression,north of Songliao basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(2):515-523.
[22]李忠,梁波,巫芙蓉,邓雁,巫盛洪.地震裂缝综合预测技术在川西致密砂岩储层中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):40-42.Li Zhong,Liang Bo,Wu Furong,Deng Yan&Wu Shenghong.Application of integrated seismic fracture detection technology in tight sand reservoirs in the Western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):40-42.
[23]刘宝.叠前方位各向异性裂缝预测技术在雷家地区的应用研究[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2016,13(5):20-25.Liu Bao.Application of pre-stack anisotropy fracture predicting technology in Leijia area[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2016,13(5):20-25.