生活污水预沉淀-SNAD颗粒污泥工艺小试
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摘要
采用人工配水,在SBR反应器中启动同步短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化耦合反硝化(SNAD)颗粒污泥工艺,随后逐渐降低进水氨氮浓度,低氨氮稳定运行一段时间后通入预沉淀后生活污水,考察SNAD颗粒污泥工艺处理生活污水的脱氮性能及稳定性.结果表明,SNAD工艺启动成功后,氨氮去除率大于98%,总氮去除率在89%左右,随着进水氨氮浓度逐渐降低,亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)活性升高,总氮去除率逐渐下降至75%左右.通入预沉淀生活污水(NH_4~+-N 52～63 mg·L~(-1),COD 99～123 mg·L~(-1))后,平均总氮去除率为73. 2%,出水COD浓度在35 mg·L~(-1)以下,最大出水氨氮和总氮浓度为0. 7 mg·L~(-1)和12. 8 mg·L~(-1),连续30d以上出水氨氮和总氮浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准,实现了生活污水碳氮同步高效去除的目的.
Using artificial water, the simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX( anaerobic ammonium oxidation), and denitrification( SNAD) granular sludge process was started in a sequencing batch reactor( SBR),and then the ammonia concentration in the influent was reduced gradually. After stable operation for a period of time under the low ammonia concentration,sewage treated by a pre-precipitation process was used as a substrate to investigate the performance and stability of the SNAD granular sludge process.The results show that after the SNAD process was successfully started,the ammonia removal rate was greater than 98%,and total the nitrogen removal rate was about 89%. As the influent ammonia concentration decreased,the nitride-oxidizing bacteria( NOB) activity was increased and the total nitrogen removal rate gradually decreased to 75%. When the pre-precipitated domestic sewage( NH_4~+-N 52-63 mg·L~(-1),COD 99-123 mg·L~(-1)) was used as the inflow,the average effluent removal rate of the total effluent was 73. 2%,the effluent COD concentration was below 35 mg·L~(-1),and the maximum effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen concentration were0. 7 mg·L~(-1) and 12. 8 mg·L~(-1). The ammonia and total nitrogen concentration in the continuous 30 day effluent reached the 1 A level of the integrated discharge standard of water pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment,indicating that the removal of organics and nitrogen from domestic sewage was achieved efficiently and synchronously.
Using artificial water, the simultaneous partial nitrification, ANAMMOX( anaerobic ammonium oxidation), and denitrification( SNAD) granular sludge process was started in a sequencing batch reactor( SBR),and then the ammonia concentration in the influent was reduced gradually. After stable operation for a period of time under the low ammonia concentration,sewage treated by a pre-precipitation process was used as a substrate to investigate the performance and stability of the SNAD granular sludge process.The results show that after the SNAD process was successfully started,the ammonia removal rate was greater than 98%,and total the nitrogen removal rate was about 89%. As the influent ammonia concentration decreased,the nitride-oxidizing bacteria( NOB) activity was increased and the total nitrogen removal rate gradually decreased to 75%. When the pre-precipitated domestic sewage( NH_4~+-N 52-63 mg·L~(-1),COD 99-123 mg·L~(-1)) was used as the inflow,the average effluent removal rate of the total effluent was 73. 2%,the effluent COD concentration was below 35 mg·L~(-1),and the maximum effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen concentration were0. 7 mg·L~(-1) and 12. 8 mg·L~(-1). The ammonia and total nitrogen concentration in the continuous 30 day effluent reached the 1 A level of the integrated discharge standard of water pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment,indicating that the removal of organics and nitrogen from domestic sewage was achieved efficiently and synchronously.
引文
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[3] Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
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[5]唐崇俭,郑平,陈建伟.流加菌种对厌氧氨氧化工艺的影响[J].生物工程学报,2011,27(1):1-8.Tang C J,Zheng P,Chen J W. Effect of sequential biocatalyst addition on Anammox process[J]. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2011,27(1):1-8.
[6] Tang C J,Zheng P,Wang C H,et al. Performance of highloaded ANAMMOX UASB reactors containing granular sludge[J]. Water Research,2011,45(1):135-144.
[7] Thiele J H,Wu W M,Jain M K,et al. Ecoengineering high rate anaerobic digestion systems:analysis of improved syntrophic biomethanation catalysts[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1990,35(10):990-999.
[8] Franco A, Roca E, Lema J M. Granulation in high-load denitrifying upflow sludge bed(USB)pulsed reactors[J]. Water Research,2006,40(5):871-880.
[9] Zheng P,Lin F M,Hu B L,et al. Performance of Anammox granular sludge bed reactor started up with nitrifying granular sludge[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2004,16(2):339-342.
[10] Keluskar R, Nerurkar A, Desai A. Development of a simultaneous partial nitrification,anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification(SNAD)bench scale process for removal of ammonia from effluent of a fertilizer industry[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,130:390-397.
[11] Daverey A,Hung N T,Dutta K,et al. Ambient temperature SNAD process treating anaerobic digester liquor of swine wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,141:191-198.
[12] Niu S B,Chen M Q,Li Y,et al. Combustion characteristics of municipal sewage sludge with different initial moisture contents[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2017,129(2):1189-1199.
[13]李冬,何永平,张肖静,等.有机碳源对SNAD工艺脱氮性能及微生物种群结构的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(2):68-75.Li D,He Y P,Zhang X J,et al. Effect of organic carbon on nitrogen removal and the microbial communities in SNAD process[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(2):68-75.
[14] Matilainen A,Vepsalainen M,SillanpaaM. Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment:A review[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2010,159(2):189-197.
[15] Sperczyńska E, Dabrowska L, Wi'sniowska E. Removal of turbidity, colour and organic matter from surface water by coagulation with polyaluminium chlorides and with activated carbon as coagulant aid[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57(3):1139-1144.
[16] Dabrowska L,Rosinska A. Removal of PCBs and heavy metal ions from surface water by coagulation[J]. Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska,2013,15(1):1228-1242.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18] Laanbroek H J,Gerards S. Competition for limiting amounts of oxygen between Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi grown in mixed continuous cultures[J]. Archives of Microbiology,1993,159(5):453-459.
[19]刘涛,李冬,曾辉平,等.氨氮浓度对CANON工艺功能微生物丰度和群落结构的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):773-780.Liu T,Li D,Zeng H P,et al. Assessment of the effect of influent NH4+-N concentration on the abundance and community structure of functional bacteria in CANON process[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(2):773-780.
[20] Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al. The sharon process:an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[21]梁建海.大庆生活污水处理厂脱氮除磷技术改造研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.
[22] Chamchoi N, Nitisoravut S, Schmidt J E. Inactivation of ANAMMOX communities under concurrent operation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)and denitrification[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(9):3331-3336.
[23]傅金祥,童颖,于鹏飞,等.有机物对厌氧氨氧化的双向影响及抑制解除[J].工业水处理,2014,34(7):19-22.Fu J X,Tong Y,Yu P F,et al. Two-way effect and disinhibition effect of organic matter on Anammox[J]. Industrial Water Treatment,2014,34(7):19-22.
[24]谭发,王敦球,金樾,等.有机碳源对一体化厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能的影响[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(4):44-50.Tan F,Wang D Q,Jin Y,et al. Effect of organic carbon source on nitrogen removal performance of one-stage anammox reactor[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering,2016,23(4):44-50.
[25]管勇杰,于德爽,李津,等.有机碳源作用下厌氧氨氧化系统的脱氮效能[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):654-664.Guan Y J,Yu D S,Li J,et al. Nitrogen removal performance of ANAMMOX with different organic carbon sources[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(2):654-664.
[26]谭雪,石磊,马中,等.基于污水处理厂运营成本的污水处理费制度分析——基于全国227个污水处理厂样本估算[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3833-3840.Tan X,Shi L,Ma Z,et al. Institutional analysis of sewage treatment charge based on operating cost of sewage treatment plant-an empirical research of 227samples in China[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(12):3833-3840.
[27] Mulder A. The quest for sustainable nitrogen removal technologies[J]. Water Science and Technology,2003,48(1):67-75.
[28] Liu Y, Fang H H P. Influences of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)on flocculation,settling,and dewatering of activated sludge[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2003,33(3):237-273.
[29] Zhang Z Q,Xia S Q,Wang X J,et al. A novel biosorbent for dye removal:extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)of Proteus mirabilis TJ-1[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,163(1):279-284.
[30] Liu Y,Lam M C,Fang H H. Adsorption of heavy metals by EPS of activated sludge[J]. Water Science&Technology,2001,43(6):59-66.
[31]曹剑锋,张鹏英,陈靠山.稀土钕元素的生物学效应及机制研究进展[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(4):325-328.Cao J F,Zhang P Y,Chen K S,Research advance of rare earth neodymium biological effects and mechanism[J]. Plant Physiology Communications,2010,46(4):325-328.
[32] Mc Swain B S,Irvine R L,Hausner M,et al. Composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic flocs and granular sludge[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(2):1051-1057.
[33] Tay J H,Liu Q S,Liu Y. The role of cellular polysaccharides in the formation and stability of aerobic granules[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology,2001,33(3):222-226.
[34] Sanin S L,Sanin F D,Bryers J D. Effect of starvation on the adhesive properties of xenobiotic degrading bacteria[J]. Process Biochemistry,2003,38(6):909-914.
[35] Hou X L,Liu S T,Zhang Z T. Role of extracellular polymeric substance in determining the high aggregation ability of anammox sludge[J]. Water Research,2015,75:51-62.
[36]李冬,吴青,梁瑜海,等.不同基质条件对亚硝化污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(4):81-86.Li D,Wu Q,Liang Y H,et al. Effect of substrate concentration and type on the content of extracellular polymeric substances in the nitrification sludge[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2015,47(4):81-86.
[2] Third K A,Sliekers A O,Kuenen J G,et al. The CANON system(completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite)under ammonium limitation:interaction and competition between three groups of bacteria[J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2001,24(4):588-596.
[3] Strous M,Heijnen J J,Kuenen J G,et al. The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,50(5):589-596.
[4] Jetten M S M,Strous M,van de Pas-Schoonen K T,et al. The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium[J]. FEMS Microbiology Reviews,1998,22(5):421-437.
[5]唐崇俭,郑平,陈建伟.流加菌种对厌氧氨氧化工艺的影响[J].生物工程学报,2011,27(1):1-8.Tang C J,Zheng P,Chen J W. Effect of sequential biocatalyst addition on Anammox process[J]. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2011,27(1):1-8.
[6] Tang C J,Zheng P,Wang C H,et al. Performance of highloaded ANAMMOX UASB reactors containing granular sludge[J]. Water Research,2011,45(1):135-144.
[7] Thiele J H,Wu W M,Jain M K,et al. Ecoengineering high rate anaerobic digestion systems:analysis of improved syntrophic biomethanation catalysts[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1990,35(10):990-999.
[8] Franco A, Roca E, Lema J M. Granulation in high-load denitrifying upflow sludge bed(USB)pulsed reactors[J]. Water Research,2006,40(5):871-880.
[9] Zheng P,Lin F M,Hu B L,et al. Performance of Anammox granular sludge bed reactor started up with nitrifying granular sludge[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2004,16(2):339-342.
[10] Keluskar R, Nerurkar A, Desai A. Development of a simultaneous partial nitrification,anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification(SNAD)bench scale process for removal of ammonia from effluent of a fertilizer industry[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,130:390-397.
[11] Daverey A,Hung N T,Dutta K,et al. Ambient temperature SNAD process treating anaerobic digester liquor of swine wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,141:191-198.
[12] Niu S B,Chen M Q,Li Y,et al. Combustion characteristics of municipal sewage sludge with different initial moisture contents[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2017,129(2):1189-1199.
[13]李冬,何永平,张肖静,等.有机碳源对SNAD工艺脱氮性能及微生物种群结构的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(2):68-75.Li D,He Y P,Zhang X J,et al. Effect of organic carbon on nitrogen removal and the microbial communities in SNAD process[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(2):68-75.
[14] Matilainen A,Vepsalainen M,SillanpaaM. Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment:A review[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2010,159(2):189-197.
[15] Sperczyńska E, Dabrowska L, Wi'sniowska E. Removal of turbidity, colour and organic matter from surface water by coagulation with polyaluminium chlorides and with activated carbon as coagulant aid[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57(3):1139-1144.
[16] Dabrowska L,Rosinska A. Removal of PCBs and heavy metal ions from surface water by coagulation[J]. Rocznik Ochrona Srodowiska,2013,15(1):1228-1242.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18] Laanbroek H J,Gerards S. Competition for limiting amounts of oxygen between Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi grown in mixed continuous cultures[J]. Archives of Microbiology,1993,159(5):453-459.
[19]刘涛,李冬,曾辉平,等.氨氮浓度对CANON工艺功能微生物丰度和群落结构的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):773-780.Liu T,Li D,Zeng H P,et al. Assessment of the effect of influent NH4+-N concentration on the abundance and community structure of functional bacteria in CANON process[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(2):773-780.
[20] Hellinga C,Schellen A A J C,Mulder J W,et al. The sharon process:an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.
[21]梁建海.大庆生活污水处理厂脱氮除磷技术改造研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.
[22] Chamchoi N, Nitisoravut S, Schmidt J E. Inactivation of ANAMMOX communities under concurrent operation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)and denitrification[J].Bioresource Technology,2008,99(9):3331-3336.
[23]傅金祥,童颖,于鹏飞,等.有机物对厌氧氨氧化的双向影响及抑制解除[J].工业水处理,2014,34(7):19-22.Fu J X,Tong Y,Yu P F,et al. Two-way effect and disinhibition effect of organic matter on Anammox[J]. Industrial Water Treatment,2014,34(7):19-22.
[24]谭发,王敦球,金樾,等.有机碳源对一体化厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能的影响[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(4):44-50.Tan F,Wang D Q,Jin Y,et al. Effect of organic carbon source on nitrogen removal performance of one-stage anammox reactor[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering,2016,23(4):44-50.
[25]管勇杰,于德爽,李津,等.有机碳源作用下厌氧氨氧化系统的脱氮效能[J].环境科学,2017,38(2):654-664.Guan Y J,Yu D S,Li J,et al. Nitrogen removal performance of ANAMMOX with different organic carbon sources[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(2):654-664.
[26]谭雪,石磊,马中,等.基于污水处理厂运营成本的污水处理费制度分析——基于全国227个污水处理厂样本估算[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3833-3840.Tan X,Shi L,Ma Z,et al. Institutional analysis of sewage treatment charge based on operating cost of sewage treatment plant-an empirical research of 227samples in China[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(12):3833-3840.
[27] Mulder A. The quest for sustainable nitrogen removal technologies[J]. Water Science and Technology,2003,48(1):67-75.
[28] Liu Y, Fang H H P. Influences of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)on flocculation,settling,and dewatering of activated sludge[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2003,33(3):237-273.
[29] Zhang Z Q,Xia S Q,Wang X J,et al. A novel biosorbent for dye removal:extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)of Proteus mirabilis TJ-1[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,163(1):279-284.
[30] Liu Y,Lam M C,Fang H H. Adsorption of heavy metals by EPS of activated sludge[J]. Water Science&Technology,2001,43(6):59-66.
[31]曹剑锋,张鹏英,陈靠山.稀土钕元素的生物学效应及机制研究进展[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(4):325-328.Cao J F,Zhang P Y,Chen K S,Research advance of rare earth neodymium biological effects and mechanism[J]. Plant Physiology Communications,2010,46(4):325-328.
[32] Mc Swain B S,Irvine R L,Hausner M,et al. Composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic flocs and granular sludge[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(2):1051-1057.
[33] Tay J H,Liu Q S,Liu Y. The role of cellular polysaccharides in the formation and stability of aerobic granules[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology,2001,33(3):222-226.
[34] Sanin S L,Sanin F D,Bryers J D. Effect of starvation on the adhesive properties of xenobiotic degrading bacteria[J]. Process Biochemistry,2003,38(6):909-914.
[35] Hou X L,Liu S T,Zhang Z T. Role of extracellular polymeric substance in determining the high aggregation ability of anammox sludge[J]. Water Research,2015,75:51-62.
[36]李冬,吴青,梁瑜海,等.不同基质条件对亚硝化污泥胞外聚合物的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2015,47(4):81-86.Li D,Wu Q,Liang Y H,et al. Effect of substrate concentration and type on the content of extracellular polymeric substances in the nitrification sludge[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2015,47(4):81-86.