基于声发射实验层状砂岩力学特性及破坏机理
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摘要
为了探究层理面影响下砂岩力学特性和破坏机理,采用声发射技术,开展砂岩单轴和巴西劈裂试验,研究砂岩拉压强度分布规律、应力-应变关系、破坏形式与声发射之间的关系。研究结果表明:随着层理角度从0°增加至90°,砂岩单轴抗压强度先减小再增大,呈U型分布,而劈裂拉伸强度呈增大趋势;砂岩在单轴和劈裂试验下应力-应变曲线具有明显的各向异性;在单轴试验下,当层理角度为0°,15°,75°和90°时,砂岩破坏形式为压缩破坏,当层理角度为30°,45°和60°时,砂岩破坏形式为沿弱面剪切破坏;在劈裂试验下,圆盘均沿着中心起裂破坏形式为拉伸破坏;随着层理角度从0°增加至90°,在单轴和劈裂试验下,裂纹发展所对应的轴向应变率降低,裂纹贯通困难,破坏所需峰值应力增大;峰值应力越大,对应的声发射能量率越大。
In order to investigate the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of layered rock mass under the influence of bedding plane, the acoustic emission technology was used to carry out the uniaxial and Brazil split tests of sandstone. The tensile and compressive strength distribution, relationship between stress and train, failure mode and acoustic emission of layered sandstone were studied. The results show that when the bedding angle increases from 0° to90°, the uniaxial compressive strength of layered sandstone decreases first and then increases, showing a U-shaped distribution, while the tensile strength shows an increasing trend. Sandstone uniaxial and splitting test stress-strain curve have obvious anisotropy. During uniaxial test, compressive failure occurs when the bedding angles are 0°, 15°, 75° and90°, and shear failure appears along the weak plane when the bedding angles are 30°, 45° and 60°. During the splitting test, the tensile cracking of the center is ruined along the center. During the acoustic emission of uniaxial and splitting test, when the bedding angle increases from 0° to 90°, the axial strain rate corresponding to the crack development gradually decreases, and the more difficult the crack penetration, the higher the peak stress required for damage. The greater the peak stress, the greater the corresponding acoustic emission energy rate.
In order to investigate the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of layered rock mass under the influence of bedding plane, the acoustic emission technology was used to carry out the uniaxial and Brazil split tests of sandstone. The tensile and compressive strength distribution, relationship between stress and train, failure mode and acoustic emission of layered sandstone were studied. The results show that when the bedding angle increases from 0° to90°, the uniaxial compressive strength of layered sandstone decreases first and then increases, showing a U-shaped distribution, while the tensile strength shows an increasing trend. Sandstone uniaxial and splitting test stress-strain curve have obvious anisotropy. During uniaxial test, compressive failure occurs when the bedding angles are 0°, 15°, 75° and90°, and shear failure appears along the weak plane when the bedding angles are 30°, 45° and 60°. During the splitting test, the tensile cracking of the center is ruined along the center. During the acoustic emission of uniaxial and splitting test, when the bedding angle increases from 0° to 90°, the axial strain rate corresponding to the crack development gradually decreases, and the more difficult the crack penetration, the higher the peak stress required for damage. The greater the peak stress, the greater the corresponding acoustic emission energy rate.
引文
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[15]姜德义,谢凯楠,蒋翔,等.页岩单轴压缩破坏过程中声发射能量分布的统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学,2016,35(Z2):3822-3828.JIANG Deyi,XIE Kainan,JIANG Xiang,et al.Statistical analysis of acoustic emission energy distribution during uniaxial compression of shale[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Z2):3822-3828.
[16]陈珂,赵伏军,张柏,等.不同加载速率下砂岩巴西劈裂声发射试验研究[J].矿业工程研究,2015,30(2):37-42.CHEN Ke,ZHAO Fujun,ZHANG Bai,et al.Experimental research on acoustic emission of Brazilian split sandstone under different loading rate[J].Mineral Engineering Research,2015,30(2):37-42.
[17]TAVALLALII A,VERVOORT A.Effect of layer orientation on the failure of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(2):313-322.
[2]RAMAMURTHY T.Strength and modulus responses of anisotropic rocks//Comprehensive rock engineering.Fundamentals.HUDSON J A,ed.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1993:313-329.
[3]黄春,左双英,王嵩,等.层状各向异性岩体的室内单轴压缩试验分析[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(5):58-62.HUANG Chun,ZUO Shuangying,WANG Song,et al.Analysis of indoor uniaxial compression test on layered anisotropic rock masses[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(5):58-62.
[4]刘运思,傅鹤林,伍毅敏,等.基于单弱面理论对板岩巴西劈裂试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(10):1775-1780.LIU Yunsi,FU Helin,WU Yimin,et al.Study on Brazilian splitting test for slate based on single weak plane theory[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(10):1775-1780.
[5]何忠明,彭振斌,曹平,等.层状岩体单轴压缩室内试验分析与数值模拟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,41(5):1906-1912.HE Zhongming,PENG Zhenbin,CAO Ping,et al.Test and numerical simulation for stratified rock mass under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2010,41(5):1906-1912.
[6]周科峰,李宇峙,柳群义.层状岩体强度结构面特征的数值分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(4):1424-1428.ZHOU Kefeng,LI Yuzhi,LIU Qunyi.Numerical analysis of structure plane characteristic for strength of stratified rock mass[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2012,43(4):1424-1428.
[7]刘运思,傅鹤林,饶军应,等.不同层理方位影响下板岩各向异性巴西圆盘劈裂试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):785-791.LIU Yunsi,FU Helin,RAO Junying,et al.Research on Brazilian DISC splitting tests for anisotropy of slate under influence of different bedding orientations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):785-791.
[8]邓华锋,张小景,张恒宾,等.巴西劈裂法在层状岩体抗拉强度测试中的分析与讨论[J].岩土力学,2016,37(Z2):309-315.DENG Huafeng,ZHANG Xiaojing,ZHANG Hengbin,et al.Analysis and discussion on Brazilian tests on layered rock tensile strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(Z2):309-315.
[9]吴贤振,刘建伟,刘祥鑫,等.岩石声发射振铃累计计数与损伤本构模型的耦合关系探究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):28-41.WU Xianzhen,LIU Jianwei,LIU Xiangxin,et al.Study on the coupled relationship between AE accumulative ring-down count and damage constitutive model of rock[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):28-41.
[10]XIE H P,LIU J F,JU Y,et al.Fractal property of spatial distribution of acoustic emissions during the failure process of bedded rock salt[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2011,48:1344-1351.
[11]赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.基于声发射定位的岩石裂纹动态演化过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):944-950.ZHAO Xingdong,LI Yuanhui,YUAN Ruifu,et al.Study on crack dynamic propagation process of rock samples based on acoustic emission location[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):944-950.
[12]WASANTHA P L P,RANJITH P G,SHAO S S.Energy monitoring and analysis during deformation of bedded-sandstone:Use of acoustic emission[J].Ultrasonics,2014,54(1):217-226.
[13]ZHANG Chuanda,LIANG Weiguo,LI Zhigang,et al.Observations of acoustic emission of three salt rocks under uniaxial compression[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,77:19-26.
[14]谢凯楠,姜德义,蒋翔,等.页岩巴西劈裂试验的能量分布与临界特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2007,42(3):613-620.XIE Kainan,JIANG Deyi,JIANG Xiang,et al.Energy distribution and criticality characteristics analysis of shale Brazilian splitting test[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):613-620.
[15]姜德义,谢凯楠,蒋翔,等.页岩单轴压缩破坏过程中声发射能量分布的统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学,2016,35(Z2):3822-3828.JIANG Deyi,XIE Kainan,JIANG Xiang,et al.Statistical analysis of acoustic emission energy distribution during uniaxial compression of shale[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Z2):3822-3828.
[16]陈珂,赵伏军,张柏,等.不同加载速率下砂岩巴西劈裂声发射试验研究[J].矿业工程研究,2015,30(2):37-42.CHEN Ke,ZHAO Fujun,ZHANG Bai,et al.Experimental research on acoustic emission of Brazilian split sandstone under different loading rate[J].Mineral Engineering Research,2015,30(2):37-42.
[17]TAVALLALII A,VERVOORT A.Effect of layer orientation on the failure of layered sandstone under Brazilian test conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(2):313-322.