秸秆还田配合氮肥减量对稻田土壤养分、碳库及水稻产量的影响
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摘要
通过大田定位试验,研究秸秆还田和氮肥减量对稻田土壤养分、碳库及水稻产量的影响。结果表明,采用适当的秸秆还田配合氮肥减量处理可以有效改善土壤理化性状,提高水稻产量。与单施纯氮270 kg·hm~(-2)处理相比,等氮量的秸秆还田配施纯氮240 kg·hm~(-2)处理的稻田土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、总有机碳含量分别显著(P<0.05)增加了33.86%、13.83%、54.64%、21.60%、33.81%,而铵态氮、可溶性有机碳和微生物碳含量分别显著(P<0.05)减少了13.69%、49.22%和32.36%。在产量方面,秸秆还田配施纯氮240 kg·hm~(-2)的产量最高,较秸秆不还田不施氮肥处理和秸秆还田不施氮肥处理分别显著(P<0.05)增产57.90%、62.22%。在本试验条件下,秸秆还田配施纯氮240 kg·hm~(-2)为最优的秸秆还田配合氮肥减量模式,对改善土壤养分、增加土壤碳库、提高水稻产量具有一定作用。
In order to determine the effects of straw returning and nitrogen reduction on soil nutrition, carbon pool and rice yield, a field experiment was conducted. It was shown that the proper treatment of straw returning and nitrogen reduction could improve soil quality and increase rice yield. Compared with application of 270 kg·hm~(-2) N, straw returning with 240 kg·hm~(-2) N significantly(P<0.05) increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total organic carbon by 33.86%, 13.83%, 54.64%, 21.60%, 33.81%, respectively, yet the contents of ammonium nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were significantly(P<0.05) decreased by 13.69%, 49.22% and 32.36%, respectively. As for yield, straw returning with 240 kg·hm~(-2) N was the highest. Compared with the treatments without N application(both without and with straw returning), rice yield of the treatment of straw returning with 240 kg·hm~(-2) N was significantly(P<0.05) increased by 57.90% and 62.22%, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, the optimal straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer reduction model was the treatment of straw returning with 240 kg·hm~(-2) N, which could improve soil nutrient, enhance soil carbon content, and increase rice yield.
In order to determine the effects of straw returning and nitrogen reduction on soil nutrition, carbon pool and rice yield, a field experiment was conducted. It was shown that the proper treatment of straw returning and nitrogen reduction could improve soil quality and increase rice yield. Compared with application of 270 kg·hm~(-2) N, straw returning with 240 kg·hm~(-2) N significantly(P<0.05) increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total organic carbon by 33.86%, 13.83%, 54.64%, 21.60%, 33.81%, respectively, yet the contents of ammonium nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon were significantly(P<0.05) decreased by 13.69%, 49.22% and 32.36%, respectively. As for yield, straw returning with 240 kg·hm~(-2) N was the highest. Compared with the treatments without N application(both without and with straw returning), rice yield of the treatment of straw returning with 240 kg·hm~(-2) N was significantly(P<0.05) increased by 57.90% and 62.22%, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, the optimal straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer reduction model was the treatment of straw returning with 240 kg·hm~(-2) N, which could improve soil nutrient, enhance soil carbon content, and increase rice yield.
引文
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[3] 张奇春, 王雪芹, 时亚南, 等. 不同施肥处理对长期不施肥区稻田土壤微生物生态特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(1): 118-123.ZHANG Q C, WANG X Q, SHI Y N, et al. Effects of different fertilizer treatments on ecological characteristics of microorganism in chemical fertilizer omission paddy soil[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(1): 118-123.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 崔新卫, 张杨珠, 吴金水, 等.秸秆还田对土壤质量与作物生长的影响研究进展[J]. 土壤通报, 2014, 45(6): 1527-1532.CUI X W, ZHANG Y Z, WU J S, et al. Research progress on the effects of returning straw to fields on soil quality and crop growth[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2014, 45(6): 1527-1532.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 赵其国, 骆永明, 滕应, 等.当前国内外环境保护形势及其研究进展[J]. 土壤学报, 2009, 46(6): 1146-1154.ZHAO Q G, LUO Y M, TENG Y, et al. Development of the current domestic and international environmental protection and its research progress[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2009, 46(6): 1146-1154.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 潘剑玲, 代万安, 尚占环, 等. 秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(5): 526-535.PAN J L, DAI W A, SHANG Z H, et al. Review of research progress on the influence and mechanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil organic matter and nitrogen availability[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(5): 526-535.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[8] 张继光, 秦江涛, 要文倩, 等.长期施肥对红壤旱地土壤活性有机碳和酶活性的影响[J]. 土壤, 2010, 42(3): 364-371. ZHANG J G, QIN J T, YAO W Q, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil active organic carbon and soil enzyme activities in upland red soils[J]. Soils, 2010, 42(3): 364-371.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 李晓峰, 程金秋, 梁健, 等. 秸秆全量还田与氮肥运筹对机插粳稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(6): 912-924.LI X F, CHENG J Q, LIANG J, et al. Effects of total straw returning and nitrogen application on grain yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of machine transplanted japonica rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017, 43(6): 912-924.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10] 杨宪龙, 路永莉, 同延安, 等.长期施氮和秸秆还田对小麦-玉米轮作体系土壤氮素平衡的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(1): 65-73.YANG X L, LU Y L, TONG Y A, et al. Effects of long-term N application and straw returning on N budget under wheat-maize rotation system[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2013, 19(1): 65-73.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 宋大利, 侯胜鹏, 王秀斌, 等.中国秸秆养分资源数量及替代化肥潜力[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 1-21.SONG D L, HOU S P, WANG X B, et al. Nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its potential of substituting[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 1-21.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12] 戴志刚, 鲁剑巍, 李小坤, 等.不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(6): 272-276. DAI Z G, LU J W, LI X K, et al. Nutrient release characteristic of different crop straws manure[J]. Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(6): 272-276.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 钟杭, 朱海平, 黄锦法. 稻麦秸秆全量还田对作物产量和土壤的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2002, 14(6): 344-347.ZHONG H, ZHU H P, HUANG J F. Effects of total wheat and rice straw application on the crop yield and the soil properties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2002, 14(6): 344-347. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学出版社, 1999.
[15] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
[16] 吕国红, 周广胜, 周莉, 等.土壤溶解性有机碳测定方法与应用[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2006, 22(2): 51-55.Lü G H, ZHOU G S, ZHOU L, et al. Methods of soil dissolved organic carbon measurement and their applications[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2006, 22(2): 51-55. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 刘合明, 杨志新, 刘树庆. 不同粒径土壤活性有机碳测定方法的探讨[J]. 生态环境, 2008, 17(5): 2046-2049.LIU H M, YANG Z X, LIU S Q. Methods for determining labile orange matter in different sized soil particles of different soils[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2008, 17(5): 2046-2049.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 吴金水, 林启美, 黄巧云, 等. 土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M]. 北京:气象出版社, 2006: 65-74.
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