2010—2013年海南岛地闪活动的特征分析
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摘要
利用海南省地闪定位网获取的4年(2010年1月至2013年12月)地闪定位资料,详细分析海南岛地闪活动的时空分布特征.结果显示,海南岛的地闪活动主要发生在4—10月;呈双峰特征,峰值分别出现于5月和8月,分别约占全年总地闪数的23%和18%;地闪活动在6—7月明显地间歇性减少.从日变化特征来看,地闪在14:00—20:00时段最为频繁.16:00左右达到峰值,而5:00左右有一个较弱的峰值,2个峰值所占比例分别约为11.3%和4.2%.通过对比分析各地区的地闪活动,发现日变化呈现双峰特征的区域主要集中在东、南和西部沿海地区,而中部内陆及靠近琼州海峡的北部沿海地区呈单峰值特征.海南岛中部内陆山区的地闪密度大,沿海地区地闪密度小,并且存在2个地闪密度高值区.
Based on the four years' data( 2010-2013) of cloud-to-ground( CG) flashes detected by the VLF lightning locating networks in Hainan province,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of CG flash activities were analyzed in detail. The results indicated that CG flashes mostly occurred between April and October and two peaks of CG activity appeared in May( 23%)and August( 18%). The lightning activities showed intermittent decrease in June-July. The diurnal variation of CG flashes showed that the CG flashes more frequently occurred between 14: 00 and 20:00 and there were two peaks appearing at 16: 00( about 11. 3%) and 5: 00( about 4. 2%),respectively. By analyzing CG flash activities in different regions,we found that the diurnal variation of CG activities usually presented double peaks in the coastal regions,except the northern coastalarea near Qiongzhou strait and the inland regions. The largest CG flash density occurred in the inland mountainous regions,and the flash density showed a decreasing trend from inland to coasts.In addition,there were two maximum values of the CG flash density.
Based on the four years' data( 2010-2013) of cloud-to-ground( CG) flashes detected by the VLF lightning locating networks in Hainan province,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of CG flash activities were analyzed in detail. The results indicated that CG flashes mostly occurred between April and October and two peaks of CG activity appeared in May( 23%)and August( 18%). The lightning activities showed intermittent decrease in June-July. The diurnal variation of CG flashes showed that the CG flashes more frequently occurred between 14: 00 and 20:00 and there were two peaks appearing at 16: 00( about 11. 3%) and 5: 00( about 4. 2%),respectively. By analyzing CG flash activities in different regions,we found that the diurnal variation of CG activities usually presented double peaks in the coastal regions,except the northern coastalarea near Qiongzhou strait and the inland regions. The largest CG flash density occurred in the inland mountainous regions,and the flash density showed a decreasing trend from inland to coasts.In addition,there were two maximum values of the CG flash density.
引文
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[27]张振洲,蔡旭辉,宋宇,等.海南岛地区海陆风的统计分析和数值模拟研究[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(2):270-280.
[28]郑栋,张义军,孟青,等.北京地区雷暴过程闪电和地面降水的相关关系[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(3):287-297.
[29]王婷波,郑栋,张义军,等.基于大气层结和雷暴演变的闪电和降水关系[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(1):33-41.
[30]冯桂力,郄秀书,袁铁,等.雹暴的闪电活动特征与降水结构研究[J].中国科学,D辑:地球科学,2007,37(1):123-132.
[31]张义军,华贵义,言穆弘,等.对流和层状云系电活动、对流及降水特性的相关分析[J].高原气象,1995,14(4):396-405.
[2]高燚,陈汇林,劳小青,等.海南文昌火箭发射场雷电环境分析[J].自然灾害学报,2012,21(4):182-189.
[3]郭冬艳,翟盘茂,姜涛,等.海南夏季雷暴时空分布特征及成因[J].气象科技,2011,39(5):562-568.
[4]Easterling D.R.Persistent patterns of thunderstorms activity in the central United States[J].Journal of climate,1990(3):1 380-1 389.
[5]Easterling D R,Robinson P J.The diurnal variation of thunderstorm activity in the United States[J].J Climate Appl Meteor,1985,24:1 048-1 058.
[6]Grandt C.Thunderstorm monitoring in South Africa and Europe by means of very low frequency sferics[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1992,97(D16):18215-18 226.
[7]袁铁,郄秀书.卫星观测到的我国闪电活动的时空分布特征[J].高原气象,2004,23(4):488-494.
[8]巩崇水,曾淑玲,王嘉媛,等.近30年中国雷暴天气气候特征分析[J].高原气象,2013,32(5):1 442-1 449.
[9]郄秀书,Toumi R.卫星观测到的青藏高原雷电活动特征[J].高原气象,2003,22(3):288-294.
[10]张廷龙,郄秀书,袁铁,等.青藏铁路沿线闪电活动的时空分布特征[J].高原气象,2004,23(5):673-677.
[11]冯桂力,陈文选,刘诗军,等.山东地区闪电的特征分析[J].应用气象学报,2002,13(3):347-355.
[12]何晖,李宏宇.北京地区闪电特征初探[J].气象科技,2005,33(6):496-500.
[13]张文煜,朱睦正,左迎芝,等.山东地区闪电密度时空分布特征[J].气象科学,2010,30(1):132-136.
[14]郦嘉诚,钟颖颖,冯民学.江苏省区域闪电分布特征[J].大气科学学报,2012,35(3):380-384.
[15]孙丽,于淑琴,李岚,等.辽宁省雷暴日数的时空分布特征[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(1):59-62.
[16]Katrina S V,John M W,Michael L H,et al.Diurnal lightning variability over the maritime continent:impact of low-level winds,cloudiness,and the MJO[J].J Atmos Sci,2013,70,3 128-3 146.
[17]Rodger C J,Brundell J B,Dowden R L.Location accuracy of VLF world-wide lightning location(WWLL)network:postalgorithm upgrade[J].Ann Geophys,2005,23:277-290.
[18]秦建峰,刘梦雨,吴昊.ADTD雷电探测系统典型故障分析[J].气象科技,2012,40(2):180-184.
[19]李家启,李博,申双和,等.基于ADTD系统的雷电流波头陡度频率分布特征[J].气象科技,2010,38(6):741-745.
[20]李家启,王劲松,申双和,等.基于ADTD系统监测的雷电流幅值累积概率特征统计[J].气象,2011,37(2):226-230.
[21]姜勇.基于ADTD监测网络2012年云南省地闪特征分析[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,35(S2):315-322.
[22]吴岩峻.不同天气系统对海南岛降水的贡献及其变化的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008:17-26.
[23]王春乙.海南气候[M].北京:气象出版社,2014:18-31.
[24]徐淑英,许孟英,高由禧.海南岛的气候[J].气象学报,1954,25(3):195-212.
[25]Keenan T D,Morton B R,Zhang X S,et al.Some characteristcs of thunderstorms over Bathurst and Melville islands near Darwin,Australla[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1990,116(495):1 153-1 172.
[26]Pan L X,Liu D X,Qie X S,et al.Land-sea contrast in the lightning diurnal variation as observed by the WWLLN and LIS/OTD data[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica,2013,27(4):591-600.
[27]张振洲,蔡旭辉,宋宇,等.海南岛地区海陆风的统计分析和数值模拟研究[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(2):270-280.
[28]郑栋,张义军,孟青,等.北京地区雷暴过程闪电和地面降水的相关关系[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(3):287-297.
[29]王婷波,郑栋,张义军,等.基于大气层结和雷暴演变的闪电和降水关系[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(1):33-41.
[30]冯桂力,郄秀书,袁铁,等.雹暴的闪电活动特征与降水结构研究[J].中国科学,D辑:地球科学,2007,37(1):123-132.
[31]张义军,华贵义,言穆弘,等.对流和层状云系电活动、对流及降水特性的相关分析[J].高原气象,1995,14(4):396-405.