基于能值分析的华南双季稻种植模式可持续性评价
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摘要
【目的】华南双季稻区是我国重要的水稻主产区之一,从生态经济角度判断华南地区当前双季稻种植模式的可持续性,对于我国农业健康稳定发展具有重要意义。【方法】以广东省典型双季稻种植系统为研究对象,采用能值分析方法对其可持续发展能力进行定量化评价。【结果】华南双季稻区农业系统中环境资源的投入占总能值投入44.16%,其中不可辅助能占总能值的52.40%,净能值产出率(EYR)为1.78,环境负荷率(ELR)为1.06,可持续发展指标(ESI)为4.07。【结论】能值评价指标体系综合表明,当前华南双季种植模式环境压力较小,可持续性发展潜力较大,但其净能值产出率较低,原因在于过分依赖自然环境资源和人力劳动资源。若能对华南双季稻系统进行标准化管理,适当增加农用机械的投入,并投入有机肥的使用,将能在一定程度上提高该地区水稻种植模式的可持续发展能力。
【Objective】Double-cropping rice area in South China is one of the main rice producing areas in China.It is of great significance to judge the sustainability of current double-cropping rice cultivation mode in South China from the perspective of eco-economy for the healthy and stable development of agriculture. 【Method】The typical double-cropping rice system in Guangdong province was taken as the research object, and its sustainable development ability was quantitatively evaluated by using emergy analysis method. 【Result】The input of environmental resources accounted for 44.16% of the total emergy input of the double-cropping rice system in South China. Among them, the non-auxiliary emergy accounted for52.40% of the total emergy input, the net emergy yield rate(EYR) was 1.78, the environmental loading rate(ELR) was 1.06, and the emergy sustainability index(ESI) was 4.07. 【Conclusion】The comprehensive evaluation index system of emergy value shows that the current double-season planting mode in South China has less environmental pressure and greater potential for sustainable development, but its net emergy yield rate is low because it relyes too heavily on natural environmental resources and human labor resources. If we can standardize the management of double cropping rice system in South China, properly increase the input of agricultural machinery, and put organic fertilizer into use, the sustainable development ability of rice planting mode in this region will be improved to a certain extent.
【Objective】Double-cropping rice area in South China is one of the main rice producing areas in China.It is of great significance to judge the sustainability of current double-cropping rice cultivation mode in South China from the perspective of eco-economy for the healthy and stable development of agriculture. 【Method】The typical double-cropping rice system in Guangdong province was taken as the research object, and its sustainable development ability was quantitatively evaluated by using emergy analysis method. 【Result】The input of environmental resources accounted for 44.16% of the total emergy input of the double-cropping rice system in South China. Among them, the non-auxiliary emergy accounted for52.40% of the total emergy input, the net emergy yield rate(EYR) was 1.78, the environmental loading rate(ELR) was 1.06, and the emergy sustainability index(ESI) was 4.07. 【Conclusion】The comprehensive evaluation index system of emergy value shows that the current double-season planting mode in South China has less environmental pressure and greater potential for sustainable development, but its net emergy yield rate is low because it relyes too heavily on natural environmental resources and human labor resources. If we can standardize the management of double cropping rice system in South China, properly increase the input of agricultural machinery, and put organic fertilizer into use, the sustainable development ability of rice planting mode in this region will be improved to a certain extent.
引文
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[2]严茂超，李海涛，程鸿，沈文清.中国农林牧渔业主要产品的能值分析与评估[J].北京林业大学学报，2001,23(6):66-69.doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.2001.06.016.YAN M C,LI H T,CHENG H,SHEN W Q.Emergy analysis and evaluation of major agricultural,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery products in China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2001,23(6):66-69.doi:10.13332/j.1000-1522.2001.06.016.
[3]王小龙，韩玉，陈源泉，隋鹏，高旺盛，吴霞，杜传民.基于能值分析的无公害设施蔬菜生产系统效率和可持续性评价[J].生态学报，2015,35(7):2-10.doi:10.5846/stxb201306041318.WANG X L,HAN Y,CHEN Y Q,SUI P,GAO W S,WU X,DU CM.Evaluation of vegetable production system efficiency and sustainability in non-pollution facilities based on Emergy Analysis[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(7):3-10.doi:10.5846/stxb201306041318.
[4]朱洪光，钦佩，万树文.江苏海涂两种水生利用模式的能值分析[J].生态学杂志，2001,20(1):30-45.ZHU H G,QIN P,WAN S W.Emergy analysis of two aquatic utilization models in Jiangsu seashore[J].Journal of Ecology,2001,20(1):30-45.
[5]周江，向平安.湖南不同季别稻作系统的生态系统能值分析[J].中国农业科学，2018,51(23):4496-4513.doi:10.3864/j.issn0578-1752.2018.23.009.ZHOU J,XIANG P A.Ecosystem emergy analysis of rice cropping system in different seasons in Hunan Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(23):4496-4513.doi:10.3864/j.issn0578-1752.2018.23.009.
[6]王小龙，隋鹏，陈源泉，黄坚雄，高旺盛，杨光平，肖小平，汤文光，唐海明.湖南双季稻区保护性耕作模式能值分析//中国农作制度研究进展[C].成都：中国农学会耕作制度分会学术年会，2012:505-508.WANG X L,SUI P,CHEN Y Q,HUANG J X,GAO W S,YANG G P,XIAO X P,TANG W G,TANG H M.Emergy analysis of conservation tillage model in double-cropping rice region of Hunan Province//Research Progress on Farming System in China[C].Chengdu:Biennial Coference of Chinese Society of Agronomy Farming System Branch,2012:505-508.
[7]易婷.湖南水稻生态系统的能值分析[D].长沙：湖南农业大学，2016.YI T.Emergy Analysis of Rice Ecosystem in Hunan Province[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2016.
[8]张耀辉，蓝盛芳，陈飞鹏.海南省农业能值分析[J].农村生态环境，1999,15(1):4-9.ZHANG Y H,LAN S F,CHEN F P.Analysis of agricultural emergy value in Hainan Province[J].Rural Ecological Environment,1999,15(1):4-9.
[9]李立军，褚庆全，胡志全，吴永常.我国主要粮食作物区域布局变化研究[J].农业现代化研究，2004(5):334-339.LI L J,XU Q Q,HU Z Q,WU Y C.Study on regional distribution change of major food crops in China[J].Study on Agricultural Modernization,2004(5):334-339.
[10]国家统计局.国家统计局数据库[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/,2016.National Bureau of Statistics.National bureau of statistics database[EB/OL].http://www.stats.gov.cn/,2016.
[11]蓝盛芳，钦佩，陆宏芳.生态经济系统能值分析[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2002.LAN S F,QIN P,LU H F.Emergy analysis of eco-economic system[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2002.
[12]王小龙.基于生命周期评价与能值分析的循环农业评价理论、方法与实证研究[D].北京：中国农业大学，2016.WANG X L.Theory,method and empirical study of cyclic agriculture evaluation based on Life Cycle Assessment and Emergy Analysis[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2016.
[13]BROWN M T,ULGIATI S.Emergy evaluations and environmental loading of electricityproduction systems[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2002,10:321-334.
[14]陈阜.农业生态学[M].第2版.北京：中国农业大学出版社，2011.CHEN F.Agroecology[M].Second edition.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2011.
[15]BROWN M T,CAMPBELL D E,De VILBISS C,ULGIATI S.The geobiosphere emergy baseline:a synthesis[J].Ecological Modelling,2016,339:92-95.
[16]ODUM H T.Environmental accounting:emergy and environmental decision making[M].NewYork:John Wiley&Sons,1996.
[17]蓝盛芳，钦佩.生态系统的能值分析[J].应用生态学报，2001,12(1):128-131.LAN S F,QIN P.Emergy analysis of ecosystem[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(1):128-131.
[18]张大瑜，凌凤楼，张立馥，杨世琦，刘兴土，高旺盛.东北平原粮食主产区公主岭市种植业系统的能值分析[J].农业工程学报，2005,21(6):12-17.ZHANG D Y,LING F L,ZHANG L F,YANG S Q,LIU X T,GAO W S.Emergy analysis of planting system at Gongzhuling county in the main grain production region in northeast China Plain[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(6):12-17.
[19]余航，马旭，李泽华，李秀昊.基于生产率视角的中国水稻生产方式发展绩效评价[J].广东农业科学，2018,45(1):159-166.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.11.023.YU H,MA X,LI Z H,LI X H.Performance evaluation of rice production mode development in China from the perspective of productivity[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2018,45(11):159-166.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2018.11.023.