储能电站参与能量-调频市场联合调度模式研究
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摘要
随着电力市场改革的稳步开展以及储能技术的重大突破,储能电站作为交易主体参与电力市场交易机制的研究提上日程,成为进一步深化储能商业化运营亟待解决的重要问题。以美国加州调频补偿机制为应用背景,基于电力系统源-网-荷-储的协同特性以及储能电站的运行和调节特性,考虑储能电站调频容量与调频里程的耦合,构建了储能电站作为交易主体参加能量市场与调频辅助服务市场的联合调度模型。基于改进IEEE 39节点系统的算例对所提模型进行了验证,并对加州模式下,储能电站本身的运行特点及其对系统运行的影响以及储能电站参与能量市场和调频辅助服务市场的利益分配特点等进行了详细分析,对国外储能电站参与电力市场的成熟应用模式的国产化具有较好的启示作用。
With the steady development of reforming in power market and the breakthrough of energy storage technology,the study of energy storage as a trader participating in the trading mechanism of power market has gradually attracted the attention of researchers,which has become an important problem to be solved urgently for further deepening the commercial operation of energy storage. Taking compensation mechanism of frequency modulation in California as a major application background,according to the power system 'supply-network-load-storage' coordination characteristics,as well as the technology operation and regulation characteristics of energy storage,considering the relevance of regulation capacity and regulation mileage of energy storage power station,this paper constructs a combined dispatching model for the energy storage as a trader to participate in the energy market and regulation ancillary service market. Simulation based on the improved IEEE 39-node system verifies the performance of the energy storage system in the California mode. The paper also analyzes the operating characteristics of the energy storage system and its impact on the system operation,as well as the profit distribution characteristics of the energy storage in the energy market and the regulation ancillary service market,which is profound significance to the localization of mature application mode of foreign energy storage participating in market.
With the steady development of reforming in power market and the breakthrough of energy storage technology,the study of energy storage as a trader participating in the trading mechanism of power market has gradually attracted the attention of researchers,which has become an important problem to be solved urgently for further deepening the commercial operation of energy storage. Taking compensation mechanism of frequency modulation in California as a major application background,according to the power system 'supply-network-load-storage' coordination characteristics,as well as the technology operation and regulation characteristics of energy storage,considering the relevance of regulation capacity and regulation mileage of energy storage power station,this paper constructs a combined dispatching model for the energy storage as a trader to participate in the energy market and regulation ancillary service market. Simulation based on the improved IEEE 39-node system verifies the performance of the energy storage system in the California mode. The paper also analyzes the operating characteristics of the energy storage system and its impact on the system operation,as well as the profit distribution characteristics of the energy storage in the energy market and the regulation ancillary service market,which is profound significance to the localization of mature application mode of foreign energy storage participating in market.
引文
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[18]孙冰莹,杨水丽,刘宗歧,等.国内外兆瓦级储能调频示范应用现状分析与启示[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(11):8-16.SUN Bingying,YANG Shuili,LIU Zongqi,et al.Analysis on present application of megaw att-scale energy storage in frequency regulation and its enlightenment[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(11):8-16.
[19]郭鸿业,陈启鑫,夏清,等.电力市场中的灵活调节服务:基本概念、均衡模型与研究方向[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3057-3066.GUO Hongye,CHEN Qixin,XIA Qing,et al.Flexible ramping product in electricity markets:Basic concept,equilibrium model and research prospect[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3057-3066.
[20]FERC order No.755:Frequency regulation compensation in the organized w holesale pow er markets[EB/OL].(2011-10-06)[2018-4-15].www.ferc.gov/Calendar Files/20130501113242-FERC-Orders745-755-M arshall-University.pdf.
[21]陈达鹏,荆朝霞.美国调频辅助服务市场的调频补偿机制分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):1-9.CHEN Dapeng,JING Zhaoxia.Analysis of frequency modulation compensation mechanism in frequency modulation ancillary service market of United States[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(18):1-9.
[22]陈中飞,荆朝霞,陈达鹏,等.美国调频辅助服务市场的定价机制分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(12):1-10.CHEN Zhongfei,JING Zhaoxia CHEN Dapeng,et al.Analysis on pricing mechanism in frequency regulation ancillary service market of United States[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2018,42(12):1-10.
[23]Business practice manual:Calculation of weekly mileage multipliers,CAISO[EB/OL].[2018-06-12].https://bpmcm.caiso.com/.
[2]叶季蕾,薛金花,王伟,等.储能技术在电力系统中的应用现状与前景[J].中国电力,2014,47(3):1-5.YE Jilei,XUE Jinhua,WANG Wei,et al.Application of energy storage technology and its prospect in pow er system[J].Electric Pow er,2014,47(3):1-5.
[3]高亚静,李瑞环,梁海峰,等.考虑间歇性电源与负荷不确定性情况下基于多场景技术的主动配电系统两步优化调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(7):1657-1665.GAO Yajing,LI Ruihuan,LIANG Haifeng,et al.Tw o stepoptimal dispatch based on multiple scenarios technique considering uncertainties of intermittent distributed generations and loads in the active distribution system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(7):1657-1665.
[4]国家电网公司"电网新技术前景研究"项目咨询组.大规模储能技术在电力系统中的应用前景分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(1):3-8.Consulting Group of State Grid Corporation of China to Prospects of New Technologies in Pow er Systems.An analysis of prospects for application of large-scale energy storage technology in pow er systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(1):3-8.
[5]陈聪伟,江修波,刘丽军.考虑时序与储能配合的分布式电源优化配置研究[J].电气技术,2017,18(6):41-47.CHEN Congw ei,JIANG Xiubo,LIU Lijun.Study on the optimization of distributed generation considering the cooperation of sequential characteristic and energy storage equipment[J].Electrical Engineering,2017,18(6):41-47.
[6]陈深,毛晓明,房敏.风力和光伏发电短期功率预测研究进展与展望[J].广东电力,2014,27(1):18-23.CHEN Shen,M AO Xiaoming,FANG M in.Research progress and prospect of short-time pow er forecast for w ind and solar generating[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2014,27(1):18-23.
[7]吴盛军,徐青山,袁晓冬,等.规模化储能技术在电力系统中的需求与应用分析[J].电气工程学报,2017,12(8):10-15.WU Shengjun,XU Qingshan,YUAN Xiaodong,et al.An analysis of requirements and applications of grid-scale energy storage technology in pow er system[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering,2017,12(8):10-15.
[8]李建林,马会萌,惠东.储能技术融合分布式可再生能源的现状及发展趋势[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(14):1-20.LI Jianlin,M A Huimeng,HUI Dong.Present development condition and trends of energy storage technology in the integration of distributed renew able energy[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(14):1-20.
[9]POZO D,CONTRERAS J,SAUMA E E.Unit commitment with ideal and generic energy storage units[J].IEEE Transactions on Pow er Systems,2014,29(6):2974-2984.
[10]KHAZALI A,KALANTAR M.Optimal dispatch of responsive loads and generic energy storage units in a co-optimized energy and reserve market for smart pow er systems[J].Electric M achines&Pow er Systems,2016,44(20):2285-2297.
[11]LI N,UKUN C,CONSTANTINESCU E M,et al.Flexible operation of batteries in pow er system scheduling w ith renew able energy[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2016,7(2):685-696.
[12]VENKATESH B.Short-term scheduling of thermal generators and battery storage w ith depth of discharge-based cost model[C]//Pow er and Energy Society General M eeting.IEEE,2016:1-1.
[13]WANG Z,ZHONG J.Procuring and pricing performance-based frequency regulation services in the electricity market[J].IETGeneration Transmission&Distribution,2017,11(10):2633-2642.
[14]胡泽春,夏睿,吴林林,等.考虑储能参与调频的风储联合运行优化策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2251-2257.HU Zechun,XIA Rui,WU Linlin,et al.Joint operation optimization of w ind-storage union w ith energy storage participating frequency regulation[J].Pow er System Technology,2016,40(8):2251-2257.
[15]TU A N,BYRNE R H,CONCEPCION R J,et al.Maximizing revenue from electrical energy storage in M ISO energy&frequency regulation markets[C]//IEEE Pow er and Energy Society General M eeting.IEEE,2016.
[16]YUAN B,ZHOU M,ZHANG X P,et al.A joint smart generation scheduling approach for w ind thermal pumped storage systems[J].Electric M achines&Pow er Systems,2014,42(3-4):372-385.
[17]PARVANIA M,FOTUHI-FIRUZABAD M,SHAHIDEHPOURM.Comparative hourly scheduling of centralized and distributed storage in day-ahead markets[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2014,5(3):729-737.
[18]孙冰莹,杨水丽,刘宗歧,等.国内外兆瓦级储能调频示范应用现状分析与启示[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(11):8-16.SUN Bingying,YANG Shuili,LIU Zongqi,et al.Analysis on present application of megaw att-scale energy storage in frequency regulation and its enlightenment[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(11):8-16.
[19]郭鸿业,陈启鑫,夏清,等.电力市场中的灵活调节服务:基本概念、均衡模型与研究方向[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3057-3066.GUO Hongye,CHEN Qixin,XIA Qing,et al.Flexible ramping product in electricity markets:Basic concept,equilibrium model and research prospect[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3057-3066.
[20]FERC order No.755:Frequency regulation compensation in the organized w holesale pow er markets[EB/OL].(2011-10-06)[2018-4-15].www.ferc.gov/Calendar Files/20130501113242-FERC-Orders745-755-M arshall-University.pdf.
[21]陈达鹏,荆朝霞.美国调频辅助服务市场的调频补偿机制分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):1-9.CHEN Dapeng,JING Zhaoxia.Analysis of frequency modulation compensation mechanism in frequency modulation ancillary service market of United States[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(18):1-9.
[22]陈中飞,荆朝霞,陈达鹏,等.美国调频辅助服务市场的定价机制分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(12):1-10.CHEN Zhongfei,JING Zhaoxia CHEN Dapeng,et al.Analysis on pricing mechanism in frequency regulation ancillary service market of United States[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2018,42(12):1-10.
[23]Business practice manual:Calculation of weekly mileage multipliers,CAISO[EB/OL].[2018-06-12].https://bpmcm.caiso.com/.