清代国际关系中语言问题研究
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摘要
清代康熙、雍正两朝国力强盛又重视外语学习,在国际交往中没有出现语言与翻译问题。由于乾隆朝的闭关锁国,此后百余年翻译人才严重缺失,造成国家巨大损失。本文通过对以上史实的分析,揭示了国家强弱与语言地位相辅相成的关系,阐释了国际关系中国家话语权与强大国力之间的必然联系。
Kangxi and Yongzheng Periods in the Qing Dynasty had strong nationalstrength and attached great importance to foreign language learning, thus, there were no problems of language and interpretation in the international Communication. Due to the implementation of closed-door policy during Qianlong Period, there was a serious shortage of translation talents in the following hundred years, which caused great losses to the nation. By analyzing the historical facts above, this article reveals the close relation between national strength and language status as well as expounds the inevitable relationship a country's power of speech and its strong national strength in international relations.
Kangxi and Yongzheng Periods in the Qing Dynasty had strong nationalstrength and attached great importance to foreign language learning, thus, there were no problems of language and interpretation in the international Communication. Due to the implementation of closed-door policy during Qianlong Period, there was a serious shortage of translation talents in the following hundred years, which caused great losses to the nation. By analyzing the historical facts above, this article reveals the close relation between national strength and language status as well as expounds the inevitable relationship a country's power of speech and its strong national strength in international relations.
引文
[1]白晋.康熙皇帝[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1981.
[2]冯尔康.雍正传[M].北京:人民出版社,1985.
[3]方豪.方豪文录[M].北京:北平上智编译馆,1948.
[4]张瑾.简论中国早期外交近代化的延误[J].民国档案,1997(2):83.
[5]王宏志.翻译与近代中国[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2014.
[6]故宫博物院文献馆.文献丛编:第5辑[Z].北京:北平故宫博物院出版发行所,1930.
[7]李云泉.朝贡制度史论:中国古代对外关系体制研究[M].北京:新华出版社,2004.
[8]故宫博物院.清代外交史料(嘉庆朝):第5册[Z].台北:成文出版社,1968.
[9]梁嘉彬.律劳卑事件新研究[M]//中华文化复兴运动推行委员会.中国近代现代史论集第一编:鸦片战争与英法联军.台北:商务印书馆,1985.
[10]第一历史档案馆.鸦片战争档案史料:第6册[M].天津:天津古籍出版社,1992.
[11]王铁崖.中外旧约章汇编:第1册[Z].北京:三联书店,1957.
[12]王宏志.翻译与文学之间[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2011.
(1)《清圣祖实录》卷二七一,康熙五十六年正月庚辰。
[2]冯尔康.雍正传[M].北京:人民出版社,1985.
[3]方豪.方豪文录[M].北京:北平上智编译馆,1948.
[4]张瑾.简论中国早期外交近代化的延误[J].民国档案,1997(2):83.
[5]王宏志.翻译与近代中国[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2014.
[6]故宫博物院文献馆.文献丛编:第5辑[Z].北京:北平故宫博物院出版发行所,1930.
[7]李云泉.朝贡制度史论:中国古代对外关系体制研究[M].北京:新华出版社,2004.
[8]故宫博物院.清代外交史料(嘉庆朝):第5册[Z].台北:成文出版社,1968.
[9]梁嘉彬.律劳卑事件新研究[M]//中华文化复兴运动推行委员会.中国近代现代史论集第一编:鸦片战争与英法联军.台北:商务印书馆,1985.
[10]第一历史档案馆.鸦片战争档案史料:第6册[M].天津:天津古籍出版社,1992.
[11]王铁崖.中外旧约章汇编:第1册[Z].北京:三联书店,1957.
[12]王宏志.翻译与文学之间[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2011.
(1)《清圣祖实录》卷二七一,康熙五十六年正月庚辰。