陕西耀县上奥陶统桃曲坡组下部钾质斑脱岩U-Pb年龄的首次报道
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摘要
华北克拉通上奥陶统的发现和地质时代的确定一直颇受重视。前人通过对华北奥陶系顶部地层中牙形石和笔石记录的核实,将耀县桃曲坡组的顶限定在笔石Diplacanthograptus spiniferus带结束的位置(凯迪阶下部),该位置代表了华北奥陶系的最高层位。而《中国地层表》(2014)将桃曲坡组的底置于艾家山阶和钱塘江阶分界处附近,后者略高于上述笔石生物带结束的位置,可见分歧是明显的,亟需来自绝对年龄资料的约束。笔者在耀县桃曲坡组下部发现了一层斑脱岩,地球化学数据揭示了其富钾质特征(K2O>Na2O),K2O含量(3.81%)接近鄂尔多斯盆地南缘奥陶系17个斑脱岩样品的平均值(4.75%)。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年表明其就位年龄为453.7±3.3 Ma(MSWD=0.25),考虑到采样层位接近桃曲坡组的底界,认为桃曲坡组的底可置于454 Ma(桑比阶晚期)。这与前人在周缘地区上奥陶统斑脱岩获得的年龄在误差范围内一致,表明本文获得的年龄是可信的。因此,《中国地层表》(2014)中桃曲坡组的底界需要适当下移。
Discovery of theUpper Ordovician in the North China Craton and determination of its geological time has received considerable concerns.By verifying the previous records of conodont and graptolite in the top part of the Ordovician carbonate sequences at different localities,this study defined top of the Taoqupo Formation in Yaoxian County within the closure position(449.73 Ma,the early Katian)of graptolite Diplacanthograptus spiniferus Biozone.This position represents the highest sequence of the Orvocician in North China.However,The Stratigraphic Chart of China(2014)placed the top of the Taoqupo Formation around the division line between Qiantangjiangian and Hirnantian Stages(445.6 Ma),with the latter slightly higher than the end position of the graptolite biozone.The difference is evident and needs absolute age data.This study found one layer of bentonite at the lower part(about 5 mto the bottom)of the Taoqupo Formation in Yaoxian.Geochemical data of bentonite samples reveal that they are potassium-rich feature(K_2O>Na_2O),with K_2O content of 3.81% close to the average value(4.75%)of 17 Ordovician bentonite samples from the southern margin of the Ordos Basin.Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating shows that the bentonite bed emplaced at 453.7±3.3 Ma(MSWD =0.25).Considering sampling sequences and relatively quick sedimentary rate of the limestone,it can be concluded that the bottom of the Taoqupo Formation is at 454 Ma(late Sandbian Stage).The age obtained in this paper is consistent with the previously obtained data,with deviation within the error range,indicating that the age in this paper is credible.Therefore,the bottom boundary of the Taoqupo Formation in The Stratigraphic Chart of China(2014)should shift downward appropriately.
Discovery of theUpper Ordovician in the North China Craton and determination of its geological time has received considerable concerns.By verifying the previous records of conodont and graptolite in the top part of the Ordovician carbonate sequences at different localities,this study defined top of the Taoqupo Formation in Yaoxian County within the closure position(449.73 Ma,the early Katian)of graptolite Diplacanthograptus spiniferus Biozone.This position represents the highest sequence of the Orvocician in North China.However,The Stratigraphic Chart of China(2014)placed the top of the Taoqupo Formation around the division line between Qiantangjiangian and Hirnantian Stages(445.6 Ma),with the latter slightly higher than the end position of the graptolite biozone.The difference is evident and needs absolute age data.This study found one layer of bentonite at the lower part(about 5 mto the bottom)of the Taoqupo Formation in Yaoxian.Geochemical data of bentonite samples reveal that they are potassium-rich feature(K_2O>Na_2O),with K_2O content of 3.81% close to the average value(4.75%)of 17 Ordovician bentonite samples from the southern margin of the Ordos Basin.Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating shows that the bentonite bed emplaced at 453.7±3.3 Ma(MSWD =0.25).Considering sampling sequences and relatively quick sedimentary rate of the limestone,it can be concluded that the bottom of the Taoqupo Formation is at 454 Ma(late Sandbian Stage).The age obtained in this paper is consistent with the previously obtained data,with deviation within the error range,indicating that the age in this paper is credible.Therefore,the bottom boundary of the Taoqupo Formation in The Stratigraphic Chart of China(2014)should shift downward appropriately.
引文
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Li Wenhou,Mei Zhichao,Chen Jingwei,Lu Huanyong.1997.Genetic environment of Ordovician radiolarian cherts and volcanic tuffs in Weibei,Shaanxi Province.Regional Geology of China,16(4):87~92(in Chinese with English abstract).
Shi Xiaoying,Chen Jianqiang,Mei Shilong.1999.Ordovician sequence successions on Sino~Korea platform and their correlation.Earth Science,24(6):573~580(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song Shuguang,Niu Yaoling,Su Li,Xia Xiaohong.2013.Tectonics of the North Qilian orogen,NW China.Gondwana Research,23:1378~1401.
Song Shuguang,Niu Yaoling,Zhang Lifei,Zhang Guibin.2009.Time constraints on orogenesis from oceanic subduction to continental subduction,collision,and exhumation:An example from North Qilian and North Qaidam HP~UHPbelts.Acta Petroligica Sinica,25(9):2067~2077.
Sun Zhaocai,and Hu Xianmu.2002.View on the correlation and demarcation of the Ordoician series in the southwestern margin region of Ordos Basin and the significance of petroleum exploration in Central~Western part of China.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,7(4):41~58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Zejiu,Huang Zhigao,Yao Jianxin,Ma Xiulan.2014.Characteristics and Main Progress of The Stratigraphic Chart of China and Directions.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,35(3):271~276(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Zejiu,and Huang Zhigao.2006.Significant Progress Made in China Regional Chronostratigraphic Research.Geological Review,52(6):747~756(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Zhentao,Zhou Hongrui,Wang Xunlian,Jing Xiuchun,Zhang Yongsheng.2015a.Volcanic event records at the southwestern Ordos Basin:The message from geochemical and zircon U~Pb geochronology of K~bentonites from Pingliang Formation,Shaanxi and Gansu region.Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(9):2633~2654.
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