14种地被植物耐汽车尾气评价
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摘要
采用试验地对比法,通过测定两个试验地点14种地被植物叶片的叶液pH、丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性评价其汽车尾气耐受性。结果表明:14种植物对汽车尾气的耐受性可分为三个水平,披针叶苔草、马蔺、狼尾草和青绿苔草耐性最强,大叶黄杨、金叶女贞和紫叶小檗耐性最弱,月季、景天三七、芒、金娃娃萱草、蓝赖草、大叶黄杨、荷兰菊和麦冬居中。披针叶苔草、芒、狼尾草、青绿苔草、马蔺、金娃娃萱草和蓝赖草7种植物叶液pH偏碱性,荷兰菊、麦冬、月季、景天三七、金叶女贞、大叶黄杨和紫叶小檗7种植物叶液pH偏酸性;根据叶片受损伤程度(MDA含量)可以将植物分成三组,其中紫叶小檗、蓝赖草、麦冬和月季最大,大叶黄杨、芒、金娃娃萱草、荷兰菊和披针叶苔草中等,青绿苔草、马蔺、狼尾草和景天三七最小;芒、大叶黄杨、紫叶小檗、金叶女贞和荷兰菊5种植物的叶片细胞膜透性显著增强。
The automobile exhaust tolerance of 14 ground cover plants was evaluated by measuring the pH value,MDA and cell membrane permeability of plant leaves in two test sites. The results showed that the tolerance of 14 plants to automobile exhaust could be divided into three levels. Carex lancolata,Iris lactea var. chinensis,Pennisetum alopecuroides and Carex leucochlora showed the most tolerance. Buxus megistophylla,Ligustrum ×vicaryi,Berberis thunbergii showed the least tolerance. The other 8 plants of Rosa chinensis,Sedum aizoon,Miscanths sinensis,Hemerocallis fulva ‘Golden Doll',Leymus secalinus,Buxus megistophylla,Aster novi-belgii,and Liriope spicata showed middle tolerance. The leaf cell pH values of Carex lanceolata,Miscanthus sinensis,Pennisetum alopecuroides,Carex leucochlora,Iris lactea var. chinensis,Hemerocallis fulva ‘Golden Doll'and Leymus secalinus were alkaline,those of Aster novi-belgii,Liriope spicata,Rosa chinensis,Sedum aizoon,Ligustrum × vicaryi,Buxus megistophylla and Berberis thunbergii were of acidity. The plants were divided into three groups according to the leaf MDA: the maximum of Berberis thunbergii,Leymus secalinus,Liriope spicata and Rosa chinensis,the middle of Buxus megistophylla,Miscanthus sinensis,Hemerocallis fulva ‘Golden Doll',Aster novi-belgii and Carex lanceolata,and the minimum of Carex leucochlora,Iris lactea var. chinensis,Pennisetum alopecuroides and Sedum aizoon. The cell membrane permeability of Miscanthus sinensis,Buxus megistophylla,Berberis thunbergi,Ligustrum × vicaryi and Aster novi-belgii increased significantly.
The automobile exhaust tolerance of 14 ground cover plants was evaluated by measuring the pH value,MDA and cell membrane permeability of plant leaves in two test sites. The results showed that the tolerance of 14 plants to automobile exhaust could be divided into three levels. Carex lancolata,Iris lactea var. chinensis,Pennisetum alopecuroides and Carex leucochlora showed the most tolerance. Buxus megistophylla,Ligustrum ×vicaryi,Berberis thunbergii showed the least tolerance. The other 8 plants of Rosa chinensis,Sedum aizoon,Miscanths sinensis,Hemerocallis fulva ‘Golden Doll',Leymus secalinus,Buxus megistophylla,Aster novi-belgii,and Liriope spicata showed middle tolerance. The leaf cell pH values of Carex lanceolata,Miscanthus sinensis,Pennisetum alopecuroides,Carex leucochlora,Iris lactea var. chinensis,Hemerocallis fulva ‘Golden Doll'and Leymus secalinus were alkaline,those of Aster novi-belgii,Liriope spicata,Rosa chinensis,Sedum aizoon,Ligustrum × vicaryi,Buxus megistophylla and Berberis thunbergii were of acidity. The plants were divided into three groups according to the leaf MDA: the maximum of Berberis thunbergii,Leymus secalinus,Liriope spicata and Rosa chinensis,the middle of Buxus megistophylla,Miscanthus sinensis,Hemerocallis fulva ‘Golden Doll',Aster novi-belgii and Carex lanceolata,and the minimum of Carex leucochlora,Iris lactea var. chinensis,Pennisetum alopecuroides and Sedum aizoon. The cell membrane permeability of Miscanthus sinensis,Buxus megistophylla,Berberis thunbergi,Ligustrum × vicaryi and Aster novi-belgii increased significantly.
引文
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[12]陈锐章.植物抗污机理的研究,Ⅰ.叶细胞的p H值、等电点、缓冲容量与抗二氧化硫的关系[J].植物生理学通讯,1982,18(1):1-6.
[13]蒋明义,郭绍川.水分亏缺诱导的氧化胁迫和植物的抗氧化作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1996,32(2):144-150.
[14]刘燕云.五种农作物对SO2的剂量反应及其急性伤害阈值[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(3):183-190.
[15]严重玲,李瑞智,钟章成.模拟酸雨对绿豆、玉米生理生态特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(s1):124-131.
[16]马树华.四种北方阔叶树苗木对汽车尾气污染的生理反应及抗性评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2004.
[17]高吉喜,舒俭民,张林波,等.SO2和酸雨对大豆的单一及复合效应[J].环境科学进展,1998,6(3):25-30.
[18]何成坤,郭素枝,李家慎.干旱胁迫对番茄活性氧代谢的影响[J].福建农业大学学报,1996,25(3):307-311.
[19]张泽煌,黄碧琦,陈钟佃,等.低温胁迫对茄子的伤害及茄子抗寒机理[J].福建农业学报,2000,15(1):40-42.
[20]王海河,林奇英,谢联辉,等.黄瓜花叶病毒三个毒株对烟草细胞内防御酶系统及细胞膜通透性的影响[J].植物病理学报,2001,31(1):43-49.
[2]朱静.我国汽车尾气污染危害及对策研究[C].北京:中国学术期刊电子杂志出版社,2013:156-164.
[3]范秀英,张微,韩圣慧.我国汽车尾气污染状况及其控制对策分析[J].环境科学,1999,20(5):102-108.
[4]潘文,张卫强,甘先华,等.SO2胁迫对园林植物幼苗光合生理特征的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(1):82-87.
[5]种培芳,苏世平.4种金色叶树木对SO2胁迫的生理响应[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4639-4648.
[6]孔樟良,周霞萍.二氧化氮、氯气对温州蜜柑叶片毒害试验初报[J].浙江柑橘,1994(1):42.
[7]缪宇明.樟树幼苗对二氧化氮(NO2)的抗性机理研究[D].杭州:浙江林学院,2008.
[8]潘文,张卫强,张方秋,等.广州市园林绿化植物苗木对二氧化硫和二氧化氮吸收能力分析[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(4):606-612.
[9]杨玉珍.植物受氟化物污染后糖代谢及叶汁p H值的变化研究[J].河南农业大学学报,1995,29(1):95-97.
[10]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:208-210.
[11]李向应.SO2对四种李属彩叶树木生理特性及叶片色素的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2007.
[12]陈锐章.植物抗污机理的研究,Ⅰ.叶细胞的p H值、等电点、缓冲容量与抗二氧化硫的关系[J].植物生理学通讯,1982,18(1):1-6.
[13]蒋明义,郭绍川.水分亏缺诱导的氧化胁迫和植物的抗氧化作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1996,32(2):144-150.
[14]刘燕云.五种农作物对SO2的剂量反应及其急性伤害阈值[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(3):183-190.
[15]严重玲,李瑞智,钟章成.模拟酸雨对绿豆、玉米生理生态特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(s1):124-131.
[16]马树华.四种北方阔叶树苗木对汽车尾气污染的生理反应及抗性评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2004.
[17]高吉喜,舒俭民,张林波,等.SO2和酸雨对大豆的单一及复合效应[J].环境科学进展,1998,6(3):25-30.
[18]何成坤,郭素枝,李家慎.干旱胁迫对番茄活性氧代谢的影响[J].福建农业大学学报,1996,25(3):307-311.
[19]张泽煌,黄碧琦,陈钟佃,等.低温胁迫对茄子的伤害及茄子抗寒机理[J].福建农业学报,2000,15(1):40-42.
[20]王海河,林奇英,谢联辉,等.黄瓜花叶病毒三个毒株对烟草细胞内防御酶系统及细胞膜通透性的影响[J].植物病理学报,2001,31(1):43-49.