基于大数据分析的杭州市农业源高分辨率氨排放清单研究
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摘要
基于实地调查并辅以统计的方法获得大数据,采用排放因子法,估算了杭州市2015年农业源氨排放清单,并选取经纬度坐标、土地类型和人口等数据作为权重因子,建立1 km×1 km高精度网格化空间分布,研究了该地区农业排放源氨排放空间分布特征.结果表明:杭州市2015年农业源NH3排放总量为54787.9 t,其中畜禽养殖和农田种植是最主要的氨排放来源,分别占农业源总排放量的86.7%和12.8%.在畜禽养殖各主要环节的氨排放过程中,圈舍固态粪便的氨排放贡献量最大,占总氨排放量的52.8%;其次是存储固态,占总氨排放量的35.1%.氮肥施用主要集中在萧山区、建德市、临安市和余杭区.秸秆堆肥和秸秆焚烧与秸秆综合利用率高低密切相关,两者氨排放量占有率不高,占杭州市农业源氨排放总量的1%以下.
Based on the field survey and statistic large data,emission factor approaches was utilized to develop the agricultural ammonia emission inventory in Hangzhou City for the year of 2015. An 1 km × 1 km high precision grid spatial distribution was established and the spatial characteristics of the agricultural ammonia emission were investigated by analyzing the latitude,longitude,land use type,population density and geographic coordinates. The results showed that total emissions of NH3 in Hangzhou City for the year of 2015 were 54787.9 t. Livestock and poultry breeding and farmland are the main sources of ammonia emissions from agriculture,accounting for 86. 7% and 12. 8% of the total NH3 emissions. Among the main steps of the livestock ammonia emission process,the most important source was the housing of the solid waste,accounting for 52.8% of the total ammonia emissions. Then was solid state storage,accounting for 35.1%. Ammonia emissions from nitrogen fertilization were mainly concentrated in Xiaoshan District,Jiande City,LinanCity and Yuhang District. The ammonia emissions of straw compost and straw burning were not high,which closely related to the straw stalk comprehensive utilization ratio,accounting for less than 1% of the total ammonia emission from agricultural.
Based on the field survey and statistic large data,emission factor approaches was utilized to develop the agricultural ammonia emission inventory in Hangzhou City for the year of 2015. An 1 km × 1 km high precision grid spatial distribution was established and the spatial characteristics of the agricultural ammonia emission were investigated by analyzing the latitude,longitude,land use type,population density and geographic coordinates. The results showed that total emissions of NH3 in Hangzhou City for the year of 2015 were 54787.9 t. Livestock and poultry breeding and farmland are the main sources of ammonia emissions from agriculture,accounting for 86. 7% and 12. 8% of the total NH3 emissions. Among the main steps of the livestock ammonia emission process,the most important source was the housing of the solid waste,accounting for 52.8% of the total ammonia emissions. Then was solid state storage,accounting for 35.1%. Ammonia emissions from nitrogen fertilization were mainly concentrated in Xiaoshan District,Jiande City,LinanCity and Yuhang District. The ammonia emissions of straw compost and straw burning were not high,which closely related to the straw stalk comprehensive utilization ratio,accounting for less than 1% of the total ammonia emission from agricultural.
引文
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程钟,章建宁,周俊,等.2016.常州市大气污染物排放清单及分布特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,28(3):24-28
房效凤,沈根祥,徐昶,等.2015.上海市农业源氨排放清单及分布特征[J].浙江农业学报,27(12):2177-2185
国家环保部.关于发布《大气细颗粒物一次源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》等4项技术指南的公告.2014.附件3.大气氨源排放清单编制技术指南(试行).[EB/OL].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201408/t20140828_288364.htm
黄成,陈长虹,李莉,等.2011.长江三角洲地区人为源大气污染物排放特征研究[J].环境科学学报,31(9):1858-1871
李富春,韩圣慧,杨俊,等.2009.川渝地区农业生态系统NH3排放[J].环境科学,30(10):2823-2831
李新艳,李恒鹏.2012.中国大气NH3和NOx排放的时空分布特征[J].中国环境科学,32(1):37-42
刘春蕾,杨峰.2015.南京市2013年人为源大气氨排放清单及特征[J].安徽农业科学,43(29):263-266
刘春蕾,姚利鹏.2016.江苏省农业源氨排放分布特征[J].安徽农业科学,44(22):24-28
牟力.2015.农作物秸秆堆肥还田技术的影响因素[J].农业科技与装备,(5):3-4
Mosier A R.2001.Exchange of gaseous nitrogen compounds between agricultural systems and the atmosphere[J].Plant and Soil,228:17-27
王平.2012.南通市人为源大气氨排放清单及特征[J].环境科学与管理,37(11):25-28
徐萌.2016.农业秸秆综合利用的经济环境效益分析---基于食用菌生产的案例研究[J].消费导刊,(12):22,25
叶贤满,徐昶,洪盛茂,等.2015.杭州市大气污染物排放清单及特征[J].中国环境监测,31(2):5-11
尹沙沙,郑君瑜,张礼俊,等.2010.珠江三角洲人为氨源排放清单及特征[J].环境科学,31(5):1146-1151
张灿,翟崇治,周志恩,等.2014.重庆市主城区农业源氨排放研究[J].中国环境监测,30(3):90-96
张美双,栾胜基.2009.NARSES模型在我国种植业氮肥施用氨排放估算中的应用研究[J].安徽农业科学,37(8):3583-3586
周静,刘松华,谭译,等.2016.苏州市人为源氨排放清单及其分布特征[J].环境科学研究,29(8):11 37-1144
朱兆良.2000.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,9(1):1-6