辣木在动物饲料中应用的研究进展
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摘要
辣木是一种有特种经济价值的热带落叶乔木,具有产量高、适应性广、栽培简便、抗逆性强的优势,而且辣木营养价值高,叶片干物质中粗蛋白质含量高达27%,氨基酸组成合理,含有丰富的维生素、矿物元素和不饱和脂肪酸,是一种不可多得的饲料资源。为此,本文就辣木的生物学特征和营养水平进行介绍,并综述其作为饲料资源对动物生长发育、产品品质的影响,以及在动物养殖上的保健作用,旨在为辣木作为新型饲料资源的推广与应用提供参考。
Moringa oleifera is tropical deciduous tree has special economic value,with the advantages of high yield,wide adaptability,easy cultivation and strong resistance. Furthermore,Moringa oleifera has high nutritional value,and the crude protein content was up to 27% on dry matter in leaves,as well as reasonable composition of amino acids,rich in vitamins,minerals and unsaturated fatty acids. It is a rare feed resource. This paper summarized the biological characteristics and the nutritional levels of Moringa oleifera,the effects of Moringa oleifera as feed on the growth and development,and the products quality of animal,as well as the health care function of Moringa oleifera as feed resource on animal breeding,aiming to provide reference for the popularization and application of Moringa oleifera as a new type feed resource.
Moringa oleifera is tropical deciduous tree has special economic value,with the advantages of high yield,wide adaptability,easy cultivation and strong resistance. Furthermore,Moringa oleifera has high nutritional value,and the crude protein content was up to 27% on dry matter in leaves,as well as reasonable composition of amino acids,rich in vitamins,minerals and unsaturated fatty acids. It is a rare feed resource. This paper summarized the biological characteristics and the nutritional levels of Moringa oleifera,the effects of Moringa oleifera as feed on the growth and development,and the products quality of animal,as well as the health care function of Moringa oleifera as feed resource on animal breeding,aiming to provide reference for the popularization and application of Moringa oleifera as a new type feed resource.
引文
[1]严炜,李亚男,段春芳,等.云南辣木发展现状及对策分析[C]//中国热带作物学会2016年学术年会论文集.南宁:中国热带作物学会,2016.
[2]KAKENGI A M V,SHEMA M N,SARWATT S V,et al.Can Moringa oleifera be used as a supplement for ruminants?[J].Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science,2005,18(1):42-47.
[3]刘昌芬,李国华.辣木的营养价值[J].热带农业科技,2004,27(1):4-7.
[4]S NCHEZ-MACHADO D I,N U'EZ-GAST LUM J A,REYES-MORENO C,et al.Nutritional quality of edible parts of Moringa oleifera[J].Food Analytical Method,2010,3(3):175-180.
[5]段琼芬,李迅,陈思多,等.辣木营养价值的开发利用[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12670-12672.
[6]董小英,唐胜球.辣木的营养价值及生物学功能研究[J].广东饲料,2008,17(9):39-41.
[7]饶之坤,封良燕,李聪,等.辣木营养成分分析研究[J].现代仪器与医疗,2007,13(2):18-20.
[8]MOYO B,MASIKA P J,HUGO A,et al.Nutritional characterization of Moringa(Moringa oleifera Lam.)leaves[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2013,10(60):12925-12933.
[9]丁音琴.微波消解ICP-OES法测定辣木叶中的矿物质元素[J].福建农业科技,2014(10):11-14.
[10]SAINI R K,MANOJ P,SHETTY N P,et al.Dietary iron supplements and Moringa oleifera leaves influence the liver hepcidin messenger RNA expression and biochemical indices of iron status in rats[J].Nutrition Research,2014,34(7):630-638.
[11]马李一,余建兴,张重权,等.不同干燥方法对辣木叶营养价值的影响[J].食品科学,2008,29(9):331-333.
[12]杨东顺,樊建麟,邵金良,等.辣木不同部位主要营养成分及氨基酸含量比较分析[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(9):1110-1115.
[13]TUMER T B,ROJAS-SILVA P,POULEV A,et al.Direct and indirect antioxidant activity of polyphenol-and isothiocyanate-enriched fractions from Moringa oleifera[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2015,63(5):1505-1513.
[14]TEIXEIRA E M B,CARVALHO M R B,NEVES V A,et al.Chemical characteristics and fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera Lam.leaves[J].Food Chemistry,2014,147:51-54.
[15]LY J,SAMKOL P,PHINY C,et al.Balance of nitrogen(N)in pigs fed with Moringa oleifera foliage meal[J].Revista Bio Ciencias,2016,3(4):349-358.
[16]张婷婷,张博,司丙文等.辣木叶对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能、抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):255-261.
[17]MUKUMBO F E,MAPHOSA V,HUGO A,et al.Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on finisher pig growth performance,meat quality,shelf life and fatty acid composition of pork[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,2014,44(4):388-400.
[18]RUCKLI A,BEE G.Moringa oleifera as an alternative protein source to soybean meal in pig production[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(Suppl.2):60.
[19]PFAFF O,DE LOS SANTOS F S,FERN NDEZ F,et al.Effect of a liquid extract of Moringa oleifera on body weight gain and overall body weight of weaning pigs[J].International Journal of Livestock Production,2015,6(5):69-73.
[20]DOUGNON T J,ABOH B A,KPOD KON T M,et al.Effects of substitution of pellet of Moringa oleifera to commercial feed on rabbit’s digestion,growth performance and carcass trait[J].Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science,2012,2(9):16-17.
[21]SAFWAT A M,SARMIENTO-FRANCO L,SANTOSRICALDE R,et al.Effect of dietary inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera leaf meal on performance of growing rabbits.[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2014,46(7):1193-1198.
[22]NUHU F.Effect of moringa leaf meal(Molm)on nutrient digestibility,growth,carcass and blood indices of weaner rabbits[D].Master thesis.Kumasi:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,2010.
[23]SUN B,ZHANG Y,DING M,et al.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves as a substitute for alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility,growth performance,carcass trait,meat quality,antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters of rabbits[J].Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,2017,102(1):194-203.
[24]MENDIETA-ARAICA B,SP RNDLY E,REYESS NCHEZ N,et al.Feeding Moringa oleifera fresh or ensiled to dairy cows—Effects on milk yield and milk flavor[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2011,43(5):1039-1047.
[25]COHEN-ZINDER M,LEIBOVICH H,VAKNIN Y,et al.Effect of feeding lactating cows with ensiled mixture of Moringa oleifera,wheat hay and molasses,on digestibility and efficiency of milk production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,211:75-83.
[26]ZENG B,SUN J J,CHEN T,et al.Effects of Moringa oleifera silage on milk yield,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,2018,102(1):75-81.
[27]MENDIETA-ARAICA B,SP RNDLY R,REYESS NCHEZ N,et al.Moringa(Moringa oleifera)leaf meal as a source of protein in locally produced concentrates for dairy cows fed low protein diets in tropical areas[J].Livestock Science,2011,137(1/2/3):10-17.
[28]张幸怡,林聪,李洋,等.辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):628-635.
[29]KHOLIF A E,GOUDA G A,MORSY T A,et al.Moringa oleifera,leaf meal as a protein source in lactating goat’s diets:feed intake,digestibility,ruminal fermentation,milk yield and composition,and its fatty acids profile[J].Small Ruminant Research,2015,129:129-137.
[30]KHOLIF A E,MORSY T A,GOUDA G A,et al.Effect of feeding diets with processed Moringa oleifera,meal as protein source in lactating Anglo-Nubian goats[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,217:45-55.
[31]MOYO B,MASIKA P J,MUCHENJE V.Effect of supplementing crossbred Xhosa lop-eared goat castrates with Moringa oleifera leaves on growth performance,carcass and non-carcass characteristics[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2012,44(4):801-809.
[32]MOYO B,MASIKA P J,MUCHENJE V.Effect of feeding moringa(Moringa oleifera)leaf meal on the physico-chemical characteristics and sensory properties of goat meat.[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,2014,44(1):64-70.
[33]SULTANA N,ALIMON A R,HUQUE K S,et al.Evaluation of moringa foliage(Moringa oleifera)as goat feed[J].Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science,2015,5(4):865-871.
[34]TIJANI L,AKANJI A,AGBALAYA K,et al.Effect of moringa leaf meal supplementation on haematological and serum biochemical profile of broiler chicken[J].Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,33(1):75-80.
[35]KUMAR A,KUMAR K,KUMAR S,et al.Effect of feeding different level of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on growth performance,lipid profile and meat fatty acid composition of Vanaraja chicken in tropics[J].The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,87(5):644-648.
[36]KARTHIVASHAN G,ARULSELVAN P,ALIMON A R,et al.Competing role of bioactive constituents in Moringa oleifera extract and conventional nutrition feed on the performance of Cobb 500 broilers[J].Bio Med Research International,2015,2015:970398.
[37]ALNIDAWI N A A,ALI H F M,ABDELGAYED S S,et al.Moringa oleifera leaves in broiler diets:effect on chicken performance and health[J].Food Science and Quality Management,2017,58:40-48.
[38]HASSAN H M A,EL-MONIARY M M,HAMOUDA Y,et al.Effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaves meal on productive performance,carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions[J].Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2016,11(1):60-66.
[39]ASANTE W J,NASARE I L,TOM-DERY D,et al.Nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves from two agro ecological zones in Ghana[J].African Journal of Plant Science,2014,8(1):65-71.
[40]KHAN I,ZANEB H,MASOOD S,et al.Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(Suppl.1):114-121.
[41]TETEH A,VOEMESSE K,AGBONON A,et al.Effect of Moringa oleifera leaves on feed transit and morphometric parameters of the digestive tract of layer pullets and laying hens[J].European Poultry Science,2017,doi:10.1399/eps.2017.173.
[42]DONKOR A M,GLOVER R L K,ADDAE D,et al.Estimating the nutritional value of the leaves of moringaoleifera on poultry[J].Food and Nutrition Sciences,2013,4(11):1077-1083.
[43]习欠云,曾斌,兰伟,等.辣木叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(16):10-15.
[44]LU W,WANG J,ZHANG H J,et al.Evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf in laying hens:effects on laying performance,egg quality,plasma biochemistry and organ histopathological indices[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2016,15(4):658-665.
[45]ABOU-ELEZZ F M K,SARMIENTO-FRANCO L,SANTOS-RICALDE R,et al.Nutritional effects of dietary inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera leaf meal on Rhode Island Red hens’performance[J].Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science,2011,45(2):163-169.
[46]EBENEBE C I,ANIGBOGU C C,ANIZOBA M A,et al.Effect of various levels of Moringa leaf meal on the egg quality of Isa brown breed of layers[J].Advances in Life Science and Technology,2013,14:45-49.
[47]TESFAYE E B,ANIMUT G M,URGE M L,et al.Cassava root chips and Moringa oleifera leaf meal as alternative feed ingredients in the layer ration[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2014,23(4):614-624.
[48]李苗苗.辣木茎粉对鹅饲用价值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2016.
[49]韩如刚,蔡志华,梁国鲁,等.辣木叶粉在鱼饲料中的应用研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(4):1537-1538.
[50]SIRIMONGKOLVORAKUL S,JIRAUNGKOORSKUL W,KOSAI P,et al.Effect of feeding different levels of Moringa oleifera on growth performance and potential role in muscle proteins in fish Puntius altus[J].Walailak Journal of Science&Technology,2015,12(6):565-571.
[51]ASTUTI D A,BECKER K,RICHTER N.Energy and protein balance of nile tilapia fed with moringa and mulberry leaves[J].Journal of Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia,2012,15(1):71-79.
[52]HLOPHE S N.Utilisation of Moringa oleifera(moringa)and pennisetum glandestinum(kikuyu)leaf meals by three commonly cultured fish species in south africa:tilapia rendalli,oreochromis,mossambicus and clarias gariepinus[D].Ph.D.thesis.Limpopo:University of Limpopo,2015.
[2]KAKENGI A M V,SHEMA M N,SARWATT S V,et al.Can Moringa oleifera be used as a supplement for ruminants?[J].Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science,2005,18(1):42-47.
[3]刘昌芬,李国华.辣木的营养价值[J].热带农业科技,2004,27(1):4-7.
[4]S NCHEZ-MACHADO D I,N U'EZ-GAST LUM J A,REYES-MORENO C,et al.Nutritional quality of edible parts of Moringa oleifera[J].Food Analytical Method,2010,3(3):175-180.
[5]段琼芬,李迅,陈思多,等.辣木营养价值的开发利用[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(29):12670-12672.
[6]董小英,唐胜球.辣木的营养价值及生物学功能研究[J].广东饲料,2008,17(9):39-41.
[7]饶之坤,封良燕,李聪,等.辣木营养成分分析研究[J].现代仪器与医疗,2007,13(2):18-20.
[8]MOYO B,MASIKA P J,HUGO A,et al.Nutritional characterization of Moringa(Moringa oleifera Lam.)leaves[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2013,10(60):12925-12933.
[9]丁音琴.微波消解ICP-OES法测定辣木叶中的矿物质元素[J].福建农业科技,2014(10):11-14.
[10]SAINI R K,MANOJ P,SHETTY N P,et al.Dietary iron supplements and Moringa oleifera leaves influence the liver hepcidin messenger RNA expression and biochemical indices of iron status in rats[J].Nutrition Research,2014,34(7):630-638.
[11]马李一,余建兴,张重权,等.不同干燥方法对辣木叶营养价值的影响[J].食品科学,2008,29(9):331-333.
[12]杨东顺,樊建麟,邵金良,等.辣木不同部位主要营养成分及氨基酸含量比较分析[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(9):1110-1115.
[13]TUMER T B,ROJAS-SILVA P,POULEV A,et al.Direct and indirect antioxidant activity of polyphenol-and isothiocyanate-enriched fractions from Moringa oleifera[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2015,63(5):1505-1513.
[14]TEIXEIRA E M B,CARVALHO M R B,NEVES V A,et al.Chemical characteristics and fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera Lam.leaves[J].Food Chemistry,2014,147:51-54.
[15]LY J,SAMKOL P,PHINY C,et al.Balance of nitrogen(N)in pigs fed with Moringa oleifera foliage meal[J].Revista Bio Ciencias,2016,3(4):349-358.
[16]张婷婷,张博,司丙文等.辣木叶对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能、抗氧化功能和肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):255-261.
[17]MUKUMBO F E,MAPHOSA V,HUGO A,et al.Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on finisher pig growth performance,meat quality,shelf life and fatty acid composition of pork[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,2014,44(4):388-400.
[18]RUCKLI A,BEE G.Moringa oleifera as an alternative protein source to soybean meal in pig production[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(Suppl.2):60.
[19]PFAFF O,DE LOS SANTOS F S,FERN NDEZ F,et al.Effect of a liquid extract of Moringa oleifera on body weight gain and overall body weight of weaning pigs[J].International Journal of Livestock Production,2015,6(5):69-73.
[20]DOUGNON T J,ABOH B A,KPOD KON T M,et al.Effects of substitution of pellet of Moringa oleifera to commercial feed on rabbit’s digestion,growth performance and carcass trait[J].Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science,2012,2(9):16-17.
[21]SAFWAT A M,SARMIENTO-FRANCO L,SANTOSRICALDE R,et al.Effect of dietary inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera leaf meal on performance of growing rabbits.[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2014,46(7):1193-1198.
[22]NUHU F.Effect of moringa leaf meal(Molm)on nutrient digestibility,growth,carcass and blood indices of weaner rabbits[D].Master thesis.Kumasi:Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,2010.
[23]SUN B,ZHANG Y,DING M,et al.Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves as a substitute for alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility,growth performance,carcass trait,meat quality,antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters of rabbits[J].Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,2017,102(1):194-203.
[24]MENDIETA-ARAICA B,SP RNDLY E,REYESS NCHEZ N,et al.Feeding Moringa oleifera fresh or ensiled to dairy cows—Effects on milk yield and milk flavor[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2011,43(5):1039-1047.
[25]COHEN-ZINDER M,LEIBOVICH H,VAKNIN Y,et al.Effect of feeding lactating cows with ensiled mixture of Moringa oleifera,wheat hay and molasses,on digestibility and efficiency of milk production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,211:75-83.
[26]ZENG B,SUN J J,CHEN T,et al.Effects of Moringa oleifera silage on milk yield,nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition,2018,102(1):75-81.
[27]MENDIETA-ARAICA B,SP RNDLY R,REYESS NCHEZ N,et al.Moringa(Moringa oleifera)leaf meal as a source of protein in locally produced concentrates for dairy cows fed low protein diets in tropical areas[J].Livestock Science,2011,137(1/2/3):10-17.
[28]张幸怡,林聪,李洋,等.辣木梗叶对奶牛生产性能及血浆生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):628-635.
[29]KHOLIF A E,GOUDA G A,MORSY T A,et al.Moringa oleifera,leaf meal as a protein source in lactating goat’s diets:feed intake,digestibility,ruminal fermentation,milk yield and composition,and its fatty acids profile[J].Small Ruminant Research,2015,129:129-137.
[30]KHOLIF A E,MORSY T A,GOUDA G A,et al.Effect of feeding diets with processed Moringa oleifera,meal as protein source in lactating Anglo-Nubian goats[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,217:45-55.
[31]MOYO B,MASIKA P J,MUCHENJE V.Effect of supplementing crossbred Xhosa lop-eared goat castrates with Moringa oleifera leaves on growth performance,carcass and non-carcass characteristics[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2012,44(4):801-809.
[32]MOYO B,MASIKA P J,MUCHENJE V.Effect of feeding moringa(Moringa oleifera)leaf meal on the physico-chemical characteristics and sensory properties of goat meat.[J].South African Journal of Animal Science,2014,44(1):64-70.
[33]SULTANA N,ALIMON A R,HUQUE K S,et al.Evaluation of moringa foliage(Moringa oleifera)as goat feed[J].Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science,2015,5(4):865-871.
[34]TIJANI L,AKANJI A,AGBALAYA K,et al.Effect of moringa leaf meal supplementation on haematological and serum biochemical profile of broiler chicken[J].Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,33(1):75-80.
[35]KUMAR A,KUMAR K,KUMAR S,et al.Effect of feeding different level of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on growth performance,lipid profile and meat fatty acid composition of Vanaraja chicken in tropics[J].The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,87(5):644-648.
[36]KARTHIVASHAN G,ARULSELVAN P,ALIMON A R,et al.Competing role of bioactive constituents in Moringa oleifera extract and conventional nutrition feed on the performance of Cobb 500 broilers[J].Bio Med Research International,2015,2015:970398.
[37]ALNIDAWI N A A,ALI H F M,ABDELGAYED S S,et al.Moringa oleifera leaves in broiler diets:effect on chicken performance and health[J].Food Science and Quality Management,2017,58:40-48.
[38]HASSAN H M A,EL-MONIARY M M,HAMOUDA Y,et al.Effect of different levels of Moringa oleifera leaves meal on productive performance,carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress conditions[J].Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2016,11(1):60-66.
[39]ASANTE W J,NASARE I L,TOM-DERY D,et al.Nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves from two agro ecological zones in Ghana[J].African Journal of Plant Science,2014,8(1):65-71.
[40]KHAN I,ZANEB H,MASOOD S,et al.Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,101(Suppl.1):114-121.
[41]TETEH A,VOEMESSE K,AGBONON A,et al.Effect of Moringa oleifera leaves on feed transit and morphometric parameters of the digestive tract of layer pullets and laying hens[J].European Poultry Science,2017,doi:10.1399/eps.2017.173.
[42]DONKOR A M,GLOVER R L K,ADDAE D,et al.Estimating the nutritional value of the leaves of moringaoleifera on poultry[J].Food and Nutrition Sciences,2013,4(11):1077-1083.
[43]习欠云,曾斌,兰伟,等.辣木叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(16):10-15.
[44]LU W,WANG J,ZHANG H J,et al.Evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf in laying hens:effects on laying performance,egg quality,plasma biochemistry and organ histopathological indices[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2016,15(4):658-665.
[45]ABOU-ELEZZ F M K,SARMIENTO-FRANCO L,SANTOS-RICALDE R,et al.Nutritional effects of dietary inclusion of Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera leaf meal on Rhode Island Red hens’performance[J].Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science,2011,45(2):163-169.
[46]EBENEBE C I,ANIGBOGU C C,ANIZOBA M A,et al.Effect of various levels of Moringa leaf meal on the egg quality of Isa brown breed of layers[J].Advances in Life Science and Technology,2013,14:45-49.
[47]TESFAYE E B,ANIMUT G M,URGE M L,et al.Cassava root chips and Moringa oleifera leaf meal as alternative feed ingredients in the layer ration[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2014,23(4):614-624.
[48]李苗苗.辣木茎粉对鹅饲用价值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.广州:华南农业大学,2016.
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