鄱阳湖流域长期施肥下双季稻田的土壤基础地力
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摘要
为探讨鄱阳湖流域不同施肥措施的土壤基础地力变化规律,基于长期施肥定位试验(始于1981年),采集定位30年时的不施肥(CK)、施用氮磷钾肥(NPK)和氮磷钾肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)土壤,于2012—2014年进行连续3年的施肥和不施肥试验,分析水稻产量和土壤基础地力贡献率的差异及关键影响因子.结果表明:不论施肥与否,3年的水稻产量均表现出NPKM处理显著高于NPK和CK处理,尤其是在不施肥条件下,NPKM处理的年产量分别比CK和NPK处理增加37.7%～143.9%和20.8%～66.7%.3年间,CK、NPK和NPKM处理的土壤基础地力贡献率分别为41.8%～53.1%、45.2%～62.6%和59.1%～88.1%,且NPKM处理的土壤基础地力贡献率均显著高于NPK和CK处理.进一步分析发现,土壤有机质和有机碳平衡量与土壤基础地力贡献率呈显著正相关.总之,在鄱阳湖流域的双季稻田,长期有机无机肥配施有利于该地区土壤基础地力的提升,且土壤有机质和有机碳平衡是土壤基础地力变化的关键因子.
We aimed to explore changes in basic soil productivity( BSP) under different fertilization regimes in the Poyang Lake region,Jiangxi Province,China. Soil samples were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment( since 1981) that included treatments of no fertilization( CK),chemical fertilization( NPK),and combined chemical and organic fertilization( NPKM). Then,a three-year pot experiment( from 2012 to 2014) with double rice cropping was conducted with two different fertilization regimes( no fertilization,F0; fertilization,F1) using CK,NPK and NPKM soils. Grain yield and BSP were analyzed among soils with different fertilization regimes to identify the key factors driving changes in BSP. Results showed that grain yields in NPKM soil were higher than in NPK and CK soils regardless of fertilization in the pot experiment. Under the F0 condition,annual grain yields of NPKM soil were 37. 7%-143. 9% and 20. 8%-66. 7% higher than CK and NPK soils,respectively. The BSP values of CK,NPK and NPKM soils in three years were 41.8%-53.1%,45.2%-62.6% and 59.1%-88.1%,respectively. NPKM soil had significantly higher BSP than NPK and CK soils. Furthermore,there were significant positive correlations between soil organic matter and BSP as well as between organic carbon balance and BSP. These results suggested that long-term application of chemical and organic fertilizers could improve BSP in the double rice cropping system of the Poyang Lake region. In addition,soil organic matter and organic carbon balance are important factors for improving BSP in this region.
We aimed to explore changes in basic soil productivity( BSP) under different fertilization regimes in the Poyang Lake region,Jiangxi Province,China. Soil samples were collected from a long-term fertilization experiment( since 1981) that included treatments of no fertilization( CK),chemical fertilization( NPK),and combined chemical and organic fertilization( NPKM). Then,a three-year pot experiment( from 2012 to 2014) with double rice cropping was conducted with two different fertilization regimes( no fertilization,F0; fertilization,F1) using CK,NPK and NPKM soils. Grain yield and BSP were analyzed among soils with different fertilization regimes to identify the key factors driving changes in BSP. Results showed that grain yields in NPKM soil were higher than in NPK and CK soils regardless of fertilization in the pot experiment. Under the F0 condition,annual grain yields of NPKM soil were 37. 7%-143. 9% and 20. 8%-66. 7% higher than CK and NPK soils,respectively. The BSP values of CK,NPK and NPKM soils in three years were 41.8%-53.1%,45.2%-62.6% and 59.1%-88.1%,respectively. NPKM soil had significantly higher BSP than NPK and CK soils. Furthermore,there were significant positive correlations between soil organic matter and BSP as well as between organic carbon balance and BSP. These results suggested that long-term application of chemical and organic fertilizers could improve BSP in the double rice cropping system of the Poyang Lake region. In addition,soil organic matter and organic carbon balance are important factors for improving BSP in this region.
引文
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[10]Bu R-Y(卜容燕),Ren T(任涛),Lu J-W(鲁剑巍),et al.Study on N fertilizer efficiency and the residual effect under rice-oilseed rape rotation system.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2012,45(24):5049-5056(in Chinese)
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[13]Zhang S-X(张淑香),Zhang W-J(张文菊),Shen R-F(沈仁芳),et al.Variation of soil quality in typical farmlands in China under long-term fertilization and research expedition.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(6):1389-1393(in Chinese)
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[16]Yao W-Q(要文倩),Qin J-T(秦江涛),Zhang J-G(张继光),et al.Effects of different patterns of fertilization on rice nutrient use in Jinxian County of Jiangxi Province.Soils(土壤),2010,42(3):467-472(in Chinese)
[17]Gao W(高伟),Yang J(杨军),Ren S-R(任顺荣).Balance characteristics of soil organic carbon under different long-term fertilization models in the upland fluvo-aquic soil of North China.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(6):1465-1472(in Chinese)
[18]Huang J(黄晶),Gao J-S(高菊生),Zhang Y-Z(张杨珠),et al.Change characteristics of rice yield and soil organic matter and nitrogen contents under various long-term fertilization regimes.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(7):1889-1894(in Chinese)
[19]Deng C,Teng XL,Peng XH,et al.Effects of simulated puddling intensity and pre-drying on shrinkage capacity of a paddy soil under long-term fertilization.Soil and Tillage Research,2014,140:135-143
[20]Yuan H-Z(袁红朝),Wu H(吴昊),Ge T-D(葛体达),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on bacterial and archaeal diversity and community structure within subtropical red paddy soils.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(6):1807-1813(in Chinese)
[21]Li Y(李阳),Jing Y-S(景元书),Qin B-B(秦奔奔).Characteristics of water and heat fluxes and its footprint climatology on farmland in low hilly region of red soil.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(1):180-190(in Chinese)
[22]Wang Y-F(王月福),Yu Z-W(于振文),Li S-X(李尚霞),et al.Effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen absorption and translocation,grain yield,and grain protein content of wheat.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2003,14(11):1868-1872(in Chinese)
[23]Zhao YC,Wang MY,Hu SJ,et al.Economics-and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2018,115:4045-4050
[24]Zhang QW,Yang ZL,Zhang H,et al.Recovery efficiency and loss of15N-labelled urea in a rice-soil system in the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2012,15:118-126
[25]Wang L(王莉),Wang X(王鑫),Yu X-C(余喜初),et al.Effects of long-term green manure application on system productivity and stress resistance of paddy field in the south of the Yangtze River valley.Chinese Journal of Rice Science(中国水稻科学),2012,26(1):92-100(in Chinese)
[26]Zhu H-X(朱洪勋),Shen A-L(沈阿林),Zhang X(张翔),et al.Nutrients supplying characteristics and evolution regularities of yellow fluvo-aquic soil.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),1997,34(2):138-145(in Chinese)
[27]Guo JH,Liu XJ,Zhang Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands.Science,2010,327:1008-1010
[28]Liu J,Liu M,Wu M,et al.Soil p H rather than nutrients drive changes in microbial community following longterm fertilization in acidic Ultisols of southern China.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2018,18:1853-1864
[29]Li Z-F(李忠芳),Zhang S-Q(张水清),Li H(李慧),et al.Trends of basic soil productivity in paddy soil under long-term fertilization in China.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(6):1394-1402(in Chinese)
[30]Wang J-H(王建红),Cao K(曹凯),Zhang X(张贤).Effects of incorporation of Chinese milk vetch coupled with application of chemical fertilizer on nutrient use efficiency and yield of single-cropping late rice.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2014,51(4):888-896(in Chinese)
[31]Tang Y-H(汤勇华),Huang Y(黄耀).Statistical analysis of the percentage of soil fertility contribution to grain crop yield and driving factors in mainland China.Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2008,27(4):1283-1289(in Chinese)
[32]Wu T-Y(武天云),Li F-M(李凤民),Qian P-Y(钱佩源),et al.Concepts and relative analytical techniques of soil organic matter.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2004,15(4):717-722(in Chinese)
[33]Kong AY,Six J,Bryant DC,et al.The relationship between carbon input,aggregation,and soil organic carbon stabilization in sustainable cropping systems.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2005,69:1078-1085
[34]Chen T(陈涛),Hao X-H(郝晓晖),Du L-J(杜丽君),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on paddy soil organic carbon mineralization.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(7):1494-1500(in Chinese)
[2]Zeng X-M(曾祥明),Han B-J(韩宝吉),Xu F-S(徐芳森),et al.Effect of optimized fertilization on grain yield of rice and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields with different basic soil fertilities.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2012,45(14):2886-2894(in Chinese)
[3]Zhang J(张军),Zhang H-C(张洪程),Duan X-M(段祥茂),et al.Effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rates on super rice yield,quality,and nitrogen use efficiency.Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报),2011,37(11):2020-2029(in Chinese)
[4]Zha Y,Wu XP,He XH,et al.Basic soil productivity of spring maize in black soil under long-term fertilization based on DSSAT model.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13:577-587
[5]Zha Y(查燕),Wu X-P(武雪萍),Zhang H-M(张会民),et al.Effects of long-term organic and inorganic fertilization on enhancing soil organic carbon and basic soil productivity in black soil.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2015,48(23):4649-4659(in Chinese)
[6]Duan X-W(段兴武),Xie Y(谢云),Feng Y-J(冯艳杰),et al.Study on the method of soil productivity assessment in northeast black soil regions of China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2009,42(5):1656-1664(in Chinese)
[7]Zha Y,Wu XP,Gong FF,et al.Long-term organic and inorganic fertilizations enhanced basic soil productivity in a fluvo-aquic soil.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2015,14:2477-2489
[8]Sun Z-N(孙振宁),Xie Y(谢云),Duan X-W(段兴武).Applied productivity index model(PI)in soil productivity assessment of northern China.Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2009,24(4):708-717(in Chinese)
[9]Lu Y-H(鲁艳红),Liao Y-L(廖育林),Zhou X(周兴),et al.Effect of long-term fertilization on rice yield and basic soil productivity in red paddy soil under doublerice system.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2015,52(3):597-606(in Chinese)
[10]Bu R-Y(卜容燕),Ren T(任涛),Lu J-W(鲁剑巍),et al.Study on N fertilizer efficiency and the residual effect under rice-oilseed rape rotation system.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2012,45(24):5049-5056(in Chinese)
[11]Song Y-C(宋艳春),Yu D(余敦).Evaluation of comprehensive capacity of resources and environments in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(10):2975-2984(in Chinese)
[12]Zeng X-B(曾希柏),Zhang J-B(张佳宝),Wei C-F(魏朝富),et al.The status and reclamation strategy of low-yield fields in China.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2014,51(4):675-682(in Chinese)
[13]Zhang S-X(张淑香),Zhang W-J(张文菊),Shen R-F(沈仁芳),et al.Variation of soil quality in typical farmlands in China under long-term fertilization and research expedition.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(6):1389-1393(in Chinese)
[14]Yu X-C(余喜初),Li D-M(李大明),Liu K-L(柳开楼),et al.Evolution and influencing factors of soil organic carbon under long-term fertilization in subtropical paddy field of China.Soils(土壤),2013,45(4):655-660(in Chinese)
[15]Lu R-K(鲁如坤).Methods for Soil and Agricultural Chemistry.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000(in Chinese)
[16]Yao W-Q(要文倩),Qin J-T(秦江涛),Zhang J-G(张继光),et al.Effects of different patterns of fertilization on rice nutrient use in Jinxian County of Jiangxi Province.Soils(土壤),2010,42(3):467-472(in Chinese)
[17]Gao W(高伟),Yang J(杨军),Ren S-R(任顺荣).Balance characteristics of soil organic carbon under different long-term fertilization models in the upland fluvo-aquic soil of North China.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(6):1465-1472(in Chinese)
[18]Huang J(黄晶),Gao J-S(高菊生),Zhang Y-Z(张杨珠),et al.Change characteristics of rice yield and soil organic matter and nitrogen contents under various long-term fertilization regimes.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(7):1889-1894(in Chinese)
[19]Deng C,Teng XL,Peng XH,et al.Effects of simulated puddling intensity and pre-drying on shrinkage capacity of a paddy soil under long-term fertilization.Soil and Tillage Research,2014,140:135-143
[20]Yuan H-Z(袁红朝),Wu H(吴昊),Ge T-D(葛体达),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on bacterial and archaeal diversity and community structure within subtropical red paddy soils.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2015,26(6):1807-1813(in Chinese)
[21]Li Y(李阳),Jing Y-S(景元书),Qin B-B(秦奔奔).Characteristics of water and heat fluxes and its footprint climatology on farmland in low hilly region of red soil.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(1):180-190(in Chinese)
[22]Wang Y-F(王月福),Yu Z-W(于振文),Li S-X(李尚霞),et al.Effects of soil fertility and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen absorption and translocation,grain yield,and grain protein content of wheat.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2003,14(11):1868-1872(in Chinese)
[23]Zhao YC,Wang MY,Hu SJ,et al.Economics-and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2018,115:4045-4050
[24]Zhang QW,Yang ZL,Zhang H,et al.Recovery efficiency and loss of15N-labelled urea in a rice-soil system in the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2012,15:118-126
[25]Wang L(王莉),Wang X(王鑫),Yu X-C(余喜初),et al.Effects of long-term green manure application on system productivity and stress resistance of paddy field in the south of the Yangtze River valley.Chinese Journal of Rice Science(中国水稻科学),2012,26(1):92-100(in Chinese)
[26]Zhu H-X(朱洪勋),Shen A-L(沈阿林),Zhang X(张翔),et al.Nutrients supplying characteristics and evolution regularities of yellow fluvo-aquic soil.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),1997,34(2):138-145(in Chinese)
[27]Guo JH,Liu XJ,Zhang Y,et al.Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands.Science,2010,327:1008-1010
[28]Liu J,Liu M,Wu M,et al.Soil p H rather than nutrients drive changes in microbial community following longterm fertilization in acidic Ultisols of southern China.Journal of Soils and Sediments,2018,18:1853-1864
[29]Li Z-F(李忠芳),Zhang S-Q(张水清),Li H(李慧),et al.Trends of basic soil productivity in paddy soil under long-term fertilization in China.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer(植物营养与肥料学报),2015,21(6):1394-1402(in Chinese)
[30]Wang J-H(王建红),Cao K(曹凯),Zhang X(张贤).Effects of incorporation of Chinese milk vetch coupled with application of chemical fertilizer on nutrient use efficiency and yield of single-cropping late rice.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2014,51(4):888-896(in Chinese)
[31]Tang Y-H(汤勇华),Huang Y(黄耀).Statistical analysis of the percentage of soil fertility contribution to grain crop yield and driving factors in mainland China.Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2008,27(4):1283-1289(in Chinese)
[32]Wu T-Y(武天云),Li F-M(李凤民),Qian P-Y(钱佩源),et al.Concepts and relative analytical techniques of soil organic matter.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2004,15(4):717-722(in Chinese)
[33]Kong AY,Six J,Bryant DC,et al.The relationship between carbon input,aggregation,and soil organic carbon stabilization in sustainable cropping systems.Soil Science Society of America Journal,2005,69:1078-1085
[34]Chen T(陈涛),Hao X-H(郝晓晖),Du L-J(杜丽君),et al.Effects of long-term fertilization on paddy soil organic carbon mineralization.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(7):1494-1500(in Chinese)