摘要
目的了解省会城市初中生健康素养状况及其与饮食行为之间的相关关系,为改善初中生饮食结构,提高健康素养提供支持。方法采用方便抽样的方法,在沈阳市、南京市、海口市共对2 614名省会城市初中一~二年级儿童青少年健康素养及饮食行为状况进行调查。结果省会城市初中生健康素养平均得分为(73.27±7.45)分,3个城市平均得分差异有统计学意义(F=48.53,P<0.01)。不良饮食行为方面,存在挑食或偏食行为的比例为33.86%,经常吃洋快餐的比例为43.27%。3个省会城市初中生挑食或偏食的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.02,P<0.01)。具备健康素养的初中生挑食或偏食的检出率最低(23.06%),其次为部分具备健康素养(34.53%),不具备健康素养的初中生挑食或偏食检出率最高(64.43%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=90.78,P<0.01)。不同性别、城郊、城市、健康素养水平学生经常吃洋快餐的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为8.01,12.01,14.02,57.61,P值均<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,经常吃洋快餐(OR=1.25)是挑食或偏食行为发生的危险因素。性别、城郊、年级、挑食或偏食是经常吃洋快餐的影响因素(OR值分别为1.29,1.21,1.24,1.24,P值均<0.01)。结论健康素养水平的提高能够有效降低初中生不良饮食行为的发生率。
Objective To understand the relationship between health literacy and dietary behavior among junior high school students in provincial capital cities. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to investigate the health literacy and dietary behaviors among 2 614 adolescents in the first-and second-year of junior high schools in three provincial capital cities in Shenyang,Nanjing and Haikou. Results The average score of health literacy of junior middle school students was( 73.27±7.45) points. Average scores in health literacy differed significantly in region( F = 48.53, P<0.01). In terms of unhealthy eating behavior, the proportion of picky or partial eclipse behavior was 33.86%, and the proportion of frequent fast food consumption was 43.27%. Prevalence of picky or partial eclipse behavior was lowest( 23.06%) among students with sufficient health literacy, followed by students with moderate level of health literacy( 34.53%), and highest( 64.43%) among those lack of health literacy( χ~2= 90.78, P< 0.01). The prevalence of frequent fast food consumption differed in gender, living in suburb, provincial capitals and health literacy( χ~2= 8.01,12.01, 14.02, 57.61, P<0.01). Regression analysis showed that the risk of picky or partial eclipse behavior in grade 2 students was1.235 times higher than that of grade 1 students. Frequent fast food consumption( OR = 1.25) was a risk factor for picky or partial eclipse behaviors. Girls( OR = 1.29), living in suburb( OR = 1.21), grade( OR = 1.24), picky or partial eclipse behavior( OR = 1.24)are risk factors for frequent fast food consumption. Conclusion Health literacy improvement might help to prevent unhealthy eating behavior among junior high school students in provincial cities of China.
引文
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