除险加固水闸的消能防冲措施
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摘要
基于某除险加固工程水力学模型试验,通过对闸下水流流态、流速分布、特征断面垂向最大平均流速以及冲刷特性的观测,分析了设计方案条件闸下水流流态恶化及冲刷严重的原因,即下游翼墙加固改变了水流的边界条件,导致出闸水流受到边界挤压而主流集中,局部流速增大,冲刷加剧。通过不同消能防冲方案的试验比较,提出了利用分隔墩消除出闸水流集中的现象;分隔墩消除了主流受边界挤压现象,起到了改善闸下水流流态,均化闸下水流流速分布,降低河床最大流速,减轻闸下冲刷的作用,且体型结构简单,易于施工。
Based on hydraulic model tests of a reinforcement project,the water flow pattern,velocity distribution,maximum depth-averaged velocity of a typical section,and scouring characteristics downstream of the sluice were measured,and the cause of water flow pattern deterioration and scour severity under the design scheme were analyzed. The cause is considered to be the change of the flow boundary condition after reinforcement of the downstream wing wall,which concentrates the main flow downstream of the sluice,increases the velocity locally,and intensifies scouring. Through comparison of different energy dissipation and scour prevention schemes,the method of using partition piers to eliminate the flow accumulation is put forward. Partition piers can eliminate the main flow extrusion by the boundary,improve the flow pattern downstream of the sluice,homogenize the velocity distribution downstream of the sluice,reduce the maximum velocity of the river bed,and decrease scour downstream of the sluice. The partition piers have a simple structure and construction.
Based on hydraulic model tests of a reinforcement project,the water flow pattern,velocity distribution,maximum depth-averaged velocity of a typical section,and scouring characteristics downstream of the sluice were measured,and the cause of water flow pattern deterioration and scour severity under the design scheme were analyzed. The cause is considered to be the change of the flow boundary condition after reinforcement of the downstream wing wall,which concentrates the main flow downstream of the sluice,increases the velocity locally,and intensifies scouring. Through comparison of different energy dissipation and scour prevention schemes,the method of using partition piers to eliminate the flow accumulation is put forward. Partition piers can eliminate the main flow extrusion by the boundary,improve the flow pattern downstream of the sluice,homogenize the velocity distribution downstream of the sluice,reduce the maximum velocity of the river bed,and decrease scour downstream of the sluice. The partition piers have a simple structure and construction.
引文
[1]水利部水利建设与管理总站,黄河水利科学研究院,河南黄河勘测设计研究院.病险水闸除险加固技术指南[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2009.
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[9]王海阳,傅宗甫.超低弗劳德数闸下消能试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(6):73-76.(WANG Haiyang,FU Zongfu.Experiments on under sluice energy dissipation at ultra-low Froude number[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(6),73-76.(in Chinese))
[10]张羽.浅析上海市水闸安全鉴定[J].浙江水利科技,2016(3):67-69.(ZHANG Yu.Analyses the safety appraisal of sluices in Shanghai[J].Zhejiang Hydrotechnics,2016(3):67-69.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡新.水利工程安全隐患与病害特点[J].小水电,2004(6):35-37.(CAI Xin.Water conservancy engineering safety hazard and damage characteristics[J].Small Hydropower,2004(6):35-37.(in Chinese))
[12]秦毅,顾群.全国病险水闸成因分析及加固的必要性[J].水利水电工程设计,2010,29(2):25-26.(QIN Yi,GU Qun.Causes and necessity of reinforcement to gates with potential risks in China[J].Design of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering,2010,29(2):56-59.(in Chinese))
[13]康立荣,徐文俊,吝江峰.江苏大中型病险水闸概况及主要加固措施探讨[J].水利建设与管理,2014(3):56-59.(KANG Lirong,XU Wenun,LIn Jiangfeng.Overview of Jiangsu large and medium-sized sluice and discussion of main reinforcement measures[J].Water Conservancy Construction and Management,2014(3):56-59.(in Chinese))
[14]周逢强,何文浩.芦埠港闸工程安全评价及除险加固设计浅探[J].江苏水利,2015(6):10-12.(ZHOU Fengqiang,HE Wenhao.Briefly explore of safety assessment and consolidation design for Lubugang sluice engineering[J].Jiangsu Water Resources,2015(6):10-12.(in Chinese))
[2]张挺,许唯临,伍超,等.F型反坡水跃特性实验研究[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(2):239-297.(ZHANG Ting,XU Weilin,WU Chao,et al.Study on characteristics of F-shape hydraulic jump in adverseslope channel[J].Journal of Fuzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(2):239-297.(in Chinese))
[3]周玉香,翟召华,季新民,等.低Fr数消能规律研究[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2005,35(4):80-84.(ZHOU Yuxiang,ZHAI Zhaohua,JI Xinmin,et al.Experimental study on low Froude number flow[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2005,35(4):80-84.(in Chinese))
[4]王海云,戴光清,杨庆.低水头、大单宽流量泄洪消能方式研究[J].水力发电,2006,32(8):25-26.(WANG Haiyun,DAI Guangqing,YANG Qing.Research and test for energy dissipation form of low head,large-unite discharge flood discharging[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,32(8):25-26.(in Chinese))
[5]HASAN R,MATIN A.Experimental study for sequent depth ratio of hydraulic jump in horizontal expanding channel[J].Journal of Civil Engineering,2009(1):1-9.
[6]KASHEFIPOUR S M,BAKHTIARI M.Hydraulic jump in a gradually expanding channel with different divergence angles[C]//33rd IAHR Congress:Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment.Vancouver,Canada:[s.n.],2009:91-98.
[7]LUDOVIC C,GILLES B.Experimental and numerical investigation of flow under sluice gates[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012(4):367-373.
[8]李占松,高双聚,杨玲霞.平原区水闸闸下消能防冲与闸门控制运行[J].水利水电科技进展,2011,31(5):46-48.(LI Zhansong,GAO Shuangj¨u,YANG Lingxia.Energy dissipation and scour prevention and control operation of sluice gates in plain regions[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2011,31(5):46-48.(in Chinese))
[9]王海阳,傅宗甫.超低弗劳德数闸下消能试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(6):73-76.(WANG Haiyang,FU Zongfu.Experiments on under sluice energy dissipation at ultra-low Froude number[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2007,27(6),73-76.(in Chinese))
[10]张羽.浅析上海市水闸安全鉴定[J].浙江水利科技,2016(3):67-69.(ZHANG Yu.Analyses the safety appraisal of sluices in Shanghai[J].Zhejiang Hydrotechnics,2016(3):67-69.(in Chinese))
[11]蔡新.水利工程安全隐患与病害特点[J].小水电,2004(6):35-37.(CAI Xin.Water conservancy engineering safety hazard and damage characteristics[J].Small Hydropower,2004(6):35-37.(in Chinese))
[12]秦毅,顾群.全国病险水闸成因分析及加固的必要性[J].水利水电工程设计,2010,29(2):25-26.(QIN Yi,GU Qun.Causes and necessity of reinforcement to gates with potential risks in China[J].Design of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering,2010,29(2):56-59.(in Chinese))
[13]康立荣,徐文俊,吝江峰.江苏大中型病险水闸概况及主要加固措施探讨[J].水利建设与管理,2014(3):56-59.(KANG Lirong,XU Wenun,LIn Jiangfeng.Overview of Jiangsu large and medium-sized sluice and discussion of main reinforcement measures[J].Water Conservancy Construction and Management,2014(3):56-59.(in Chinese))
[14]周逢强,何文浩.芦埠港闸工程安全评价及除险加固设计浅探[J].江苏水利,2015(6):10-12.(ZHOU Fengqiang,HE Wenhao.Briefly explore of safety assessment and consolidation design for Lubugang sluice engineering[J].Jiangsu Water Resources,2015(6):10-12.(in Chinese))