一种改进的变步长LMS算法在天线失配通道校正中的应用
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摘要
天线阵列通道之间幅相特性的不一致会对天线阵列的性能有很大影响,故在其工作前要对其各通道的幅度和相位特性进行校正.本文针对天线阵列通道之间与频率无关的恒定通道失配问题,考虑到天线阵列常常工作在干扰噪声比较严重的低信噪比环境下,提出了一种改进的变步长LMS算法对失配通道的幅度和相位进行校正.仿真结果表明,采用误差自相关和遗忘累加均值调节步长的本文算法,可以很好地校正与频率无关的通道失配,与变步长LMS算法相比,在低信噪比环境下所能校正的幅度和相位精度更高,具有收敛速度更快、稳态误差更小、抗干扰能力较强的特点,且易于工程实现.
The performance of antenna array is affected significantly by the mismatch of amplitude and phase among antenna array channels,so the mismatch must be calibrated before the antenna array functions. Given that the antenna array usually functions in low signal-to-noise ratio( SNR) environment with strong interference noise,a calibration technique based on modified variable step size LMS algorithm is proposed to calibrate the mismatch of amplitude and phase among antenna array channels. The modified algorithm uses autocorrelation error and residual accumulation average to adjust step size. Simulation results show that,compared with variable step size LMS algorithm,the modified variable step size LMS algorithm can calibrate the mismatch of amplitude and phase more accurately in low SNR environment,accomplish faster convergence,have less steady-state offset noise and stronger capability of anti-interference,and is easy to be implemented.
The performance of antenna array is affected significantly by the mismatch of amplitude and phase among antenna array channels,so the mismatch must be calibrated before the antenna array functions. Given that the antenna array usually functions in low signal-to-noise ratio( SNR) environment with strong interference noise,a calibration technique based on modified variable step size LMS algorithm is proposed to calibrate the mismatch of amplitude and phase among antenna array channels. The modified algorithm uses autocorrelation error and residual accumulation average to adjust step size. Simulation results show that,compared with variable step size LMS algorithm,the modified variable step size LMS algorithm can calibrate the mismatch of amplitude and phase more accurately in low SNR environment,accomplish faster convergence,have less steady-state offset noise and stronger capability of anti-interference,and is easy to be implemented.
引文
[1]唐晓雷,张令坤,陈飞.通道幅相误差对数字阵列天线性能影响及校准[J].太赫兹科学与电子信息学报,2016,14(4):562-566.Tang Xiaolei,Zhang Lingkun,Chen Fei.Effect of channel amplitude/phase errors on digital array performance and calibration[J].Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology,2016,14(4):562-566(in Chinese).
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[3]Fistas N,Manikas A.A new general global array calibration method[C]//Proceedings of ICASSP'94.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing.Adelaide,SA,Australia,1994,4:73-76.
[4]Leshem A,Wax M.Array calibration in the presence of multipath[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2000,48(1):53-59.
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[6]Dandekar K R,Ling H,Xu G.Smart antenna array calibration procedure including amplitude and phase mismatch and mutual coupling effects[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications(ICPWC).Hyderabad,India,2000:293-297.
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[9]Xu K,Ji H,Yue G X.A modified LMS algorithm for variable step size adaptive filters[J].Journal of Circuits and Systems,2004,9(4):115-117.
[10]彭继慎,刘爽,安丽.低信噪比下基于新型变步长LMS的自适应滤波算法[J].传感技术学报,2013,26(8):1116-1120.Peng Jishen,Liu Shuang,An Li.The new variable step size LMS adaptive filtering algorithm for low SNR[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2013,26(8):1116-1120(in Chinese).
[11]Górriz J M,Ramírez J,Cruces A S,et al.A novel LMS algorithm applied to adaptive noise cancellation[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2009,16(1):34-37.
[12]付学志,刘忠,李朝旭.Sigmoid函数变步长LMS自适应算法的抗干扰性能改进[J].北京邮电大学学报,2011,34(6):112-115.Fu Xuezhi,Liu Zhong,Li Zhaoxu.Anti-interference performance improvement for sigmoid function variable step-size LMS adaptive algorithm[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2011,34(6):112-115(in Chinese).
[13]Paulraj A,Kallath T.Direction of arrival estimation by eigenstructure methods with unknown sensor gain and phase[C]//Proceedings-ICASSP 85,IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing.Tampa,FL,USA,1985:640-643.
[14]曲志昱,吴迪,王炎.基于线性变换的阵列幅相误差自校正算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2016,38(6):1228-1234.Qu Zhiyu,Wu Di,Wang Yan.Self-calibration method of gain/phase error based on linear transformation[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2016,38(6):1228-1234(in Chinese).
[15]李琼,叶中付,徐旭.均匀线阵中幅相及位置误差的快速校正方法[J].数据采集与处理,2003,18(4):383-388.Li Qiong,Ye Zhongfu,Xu Xu.Fast calibration method for sensor gain,phase and position uncertainties of linear equispaced array[J].Journal of Data Acquisition&Processing,2003,18(4):383-388(in Chinese).
[16]贾永康,保铮.一种阵列天线阵元位置,幅度及相位误差的有源校正方法[J].电子学报,1996,24(3):47-52.Jia Yongkang,Bao Zheng.A new calibration technique with signal sources for position,gain and phase uncertainty of sensor array[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,1996,24(3):47-52(in Chinese).
[17]Lin M,Yang L X.Blind calibration and DOA estimation with uniform circular arrays in the presence of mutual coupling[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2006,5(1):568-569.
[18]鲁祖坤,高鹰,肖剑,等.基于均匀圆阵的幅相误差自校正算法[J].火控雷达技术,2013,42(1):1-5.Lu Zukun,Gao Ying,Xiao Jian,et al.Amplitude and phase error auto-calibration algorithm based on uniform circular array[J].Fire Control Radar Technology,2013,42(1):1-5(in Chinese).
[19]苏卫民,倪晋麟,刘国岁,等.通道失配对MUSIC空间谱及分辨率的影响[J].电子学报,1998,26(9):142-145.Su Weimin,Ni Jinlin,Liu Guosui,et al.The effect of channel mismatch on the performance of MUSIC spatial spectrum and resolution ability[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,1998,26(9):142-145(in Chinese).
[20]李竹,杨培林,行小帅.一种改进的变步长LMS算法及其在系统辨识中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(7):1340-1344.Li Zhu,Yang Peilin,Hang Xiaoshuai.Modified variable step size LMS algorithm and its application in system identification[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2007,28(7):1340-1344(in Chinese).
[2]张红梅,韩万刚.一种新的变步长LMS自适应滤波算法研究及其应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(8):1822-1830.Zhang Hongmei,Han Wangang.A new variable step LMS algorithm and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2015,36(8):1822-1830(in Chinese).
[3]Fistas N,Manikas A.A new general global array calibration method[C]//Proceedings of ICASSP'94.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing.Adelaide,SA,Australia,1994,4:73-76.
[4]Leshem A,Wax M.Array calibration in the presence of multipath[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2000,48(1):53-59.
[5]杜勇,韩方景,韩方剑,等.一种基于LMS算法的天线阵通道失配校正技术及VLSI实现[J].现代电子技术,2005,28(23):29-31.Du Yong,Han Fangjing,Han Fangjian,et al.A calibration technique based on LMS algorithm for antenna array channel mismatch and its implementation[J].Modern Electronics Technique,2005,28(23):29-31(in Chinese).
[6]Dandekar K R,Ling H,Xu G.Smart antenna array calibration procedure including amplitude and phase mismatch and mutual coupling effects[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications(ICPWC).Hyderabad,India,2000:293-297.
[7]Chen W Y,Haddad R A.A variable step size LMS algorithm[C]//Proceedings of the 33rd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems.Calgary,Alta,Canada,1992,40:1663-1642.
[8]吴莉莉,廖桂生,张林让.一种智能天线通道失配的校正技术[J].电子学报,2001,29(12A):1845-1847.Wu Lili,Liao Guisheng,Zhang Linrang.A calibration algorithm for smart antenna with receiver channel mismatch[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2001,29(12A):1845-1847(in Chinese).
[9]Xu K,Ji H,Yue G X.A modified LMS algorithm for variable step size adaptive filters[J].Journal of Circuits and Systems,2004,9(4):115-117.
[10]彭继慎,刘爽,安丽.低信噪比下基于新型变步长LMS的自适应滤波算法[J].传感技术学报,2013,26(8):1116-1120.Peng Jishen,Liu Shuang,An Li.The new variable step size LMS adaptive filtering algorithm for low SNR[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2013,26(8):1116-1120(in Chinese).
[11]Górriz J M,Ramírez J,Cruces A S,et al.A novel LMS algorithm applied to adaptive noise cancellation[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2009,16(1):34-37.
[12]付学志,刘忠,李朝旭.Sigmoid函数变步长LMS自适应算法的抗干扰性能改进[J].北京邮电大学学报,2011,34(6):112-115.Fu Xuezhi,Liu Zhong,Li Zhaoxu.Anti-interference performance improvement for sigmoid function variable step-size LMS adaptive algorithm[J].Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2011,34(6):112-115(in Chinese).
[13]Paulraj A,Kallath T.Direction of arrival estimation by eigenstructure methods with unknown sensor gain and phase[C]//Proceedings-ICASSP 85,IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing.Tampa,FL,USA,1985:640-643.
[14]曲志昱,吴迪,王炎.基于线性变换的阵列幅相误差自校正算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2016,38(6):1228-1234.Qu Zhiyu,Wu Di,Wang Yan.Self-calibration method of gain/phase error based on linear transformation[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2016,38(6):1228-1234(in Chinese).
[15]李琼,叶中付,徐旭.均匀线阵中幅相及位置误差的快速校正方法[J].数据采集与处理,2003,18(4):383-388.Li Qiong,Ye Zhongfu,Xu Xu.Fast calibration method for sensor gain,phase and position uncertainties of linear equispaced array[J].Journal of Data Acquisition&Processing,2003,18(4):383-388(in Chinese).
[16]贾永康,保铮.一种阵列天线阵元位置,幅度及相位误差的有源校正方法[J].电子学报,1996,24(3):47-52.Jia Yongkang,Bao Zheng.A new calibration technique with signal sources for position,gain and phase uncertainty of sensor array[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,1996,24(3):47-52(in Chinese).
[17]Lin M,Yang L X.Blind calibration and DOA estimation with uniform circular arrays in the presence of mutual coupling[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2006,5(1):568-569.
[18]鲁祖坤,高鹰,肖剑,等.基于均匀圆阵的幅相误差自校正算法[J].火控雷达技术,2013,42(1):1-5.Lu Zukun,Gao Ying,Xiao Jian,et al.Amplitude and phase error auto-calibration algorithm based on uniform circular array[J].Fire Control Radar Technology,2013,42(1):1-5(in Chinese).
[19]苏卫民,倪晋麟,刘国岁,等.通道失配对MUSIC空间谱及分辨率的影响[J].电子学报,1998,26(9):142-145.Su Weimin,Ni Jinlin,Liu Guosui,et al.The effect of channel mismatch on the performance of MUSIC spatial spectrum and resolution ability[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,1998,26(9):142-145(in Chinese).
[20]李竹,杨培林,行小帅.一种改进的变步长LMS算法及其在系统辨识中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(7):1340-1344.Li Zhu,Yang Peilin,Hang Xiaoshuai.Modified variable step size LMS algorithm and its application in system identification[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2007,28(7):1340-1344(in Chinese).