扬州市韭菜迟眼蕈蚊越冬习性及种群年动态变化规律
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摘要
为探明扬州市韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang越冬习性及其种群年动态变化规律,通过田间调查和室内测定对2014—2015年扬州市杭集镇韭菜田韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的越冬时间、抗寒能力及种群年动态变化规律进行了研究。结果表明:扬州市韭菜迟眼蕈蚊主要以4龄幼虫虫态、以韭菜鳞茎内为场所进行越冬,越冬起止时间为12月初至次年3月中旬;越冬之前、越冬前期、越冬中期,幼虫的过冷却点分别为-5.5、-6.6和-7.8℃,均低于当地当年冬季的月最低温度-3.5℃,表明韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在扬州市能顺利越冬;单层、双层棚内越冬幼虫的发育进度观察发现,越冬幼虫可顺利发育至成虫,表明扬州市韭菜迟眼蕈蚊以休眠方式越冬。扬州市韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫在3—6月、9—11月中旬各有3个高峰,夏季虫量较少。
To investigate the overwintering habits and population dynamics of Chinese chive gnat Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang in Yangzhou City, the overwintering time, cold resistance and annual population dynamics of B. odoriphaga were investigated in the leek field of Hangji Town of Yangzhou City from 2014 to 2015. The results showed that B. odoriphaga overwintered with 4th instar larvae in leek bulbs from early December to coming mid-March. The supercooling point of larvae from different overwintering stages were -5.54,-6.56 and -7.81℃, respectively, which were lower than the minimum temperature of the whole winter in 2015, indicating that they could successfully overwinter in Yangzhou City. Wherever the larvae overwintered in the single or double layer greenhouses, they could successfully develop to adults, suggesting that B. odoriphaga was dormant in winter in Yangzhou City.The monitoring results of adults in the whole year indicated that there were three adult peaks from March to June and from September to mid-November, and one valley in summer, respectively.
To investigate the overwintering habits and population dynamics of Chinese chive gnat Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang in Yangzhou City, the overwintering time, cold resistance and annual population dynamics of B. odoriphaga were investigated in the leek field of Hangji Town of Yangzhou City from 2014 to 2015. The results showed that B. odoriphaga overwintered with 4th instar larvae in leek bulbs from early December to coming mid-March. The supercooling point of larvae from different overwintering stages were -5.54,-6.56 and -7.81℃, respectively, which were lower than the minimum temperature of the whole winter in 2015, indicating that they could successfully overwinter in Yangzhou City. Wherever the larvae overwintered in the single or double layer greenhouses, they could successfully develop to adults, suggesting that B. odoriphaga was dormant in winter in Yangzhou City.The monitoring results of adults in the whole year indicated that there were three adult peaks from March to June and from September to mid-November, and one valley in summer, respectively.
引文
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Hu X,Bai YC,Xu WH,Zou DY,Xu JY,Liu BM,Gu XS.2016.Population dynamics of Bradysia odoriphaga and its relationship with temperature.Current Biotechnology,6(2):113-118(in Chinese)[胡霞,白义川,徐维红,邹德玉,许静杨,刘佰明,谷希树.2016.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及其与温度的关系.生物技术进展,6(2):113-118]
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Lin BX,Chen LX,Liu JY,Liu LY,Wang J.2014.Study on the occurrence regularity of Bradysia odoriphaga in Harbin area.Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):73-74(in Chinese)[林宝祥,陈立新,刘吉业,刘力勇,王娟.2014.哈尔滨地区韭蛆发生规律研究.黑龙江农业科学,(3):73-74]
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Shi CH,Yang YT,Han HL,Chen JX,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhang YJ.2016.Population dynamics and summer and winter habitats of Bradysia odoriphaga in the Beijing area.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(6):1174-1183(in Chinese)[史彩华,杨玉婷,韩昊霖,程佳旭,吴青君,徐宝云,张友军.2016.北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究.应用昆虫学报,53(6):1174-1183]
Wang WJ,Zhang T,Chen JM,Chen ZD.2011.Present situation and control technology of pesticide residue in Chinese chives.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,(10):82-84(in Chinese)[王文娇,张涛,陈健美,陈振德.2011.韭菜农药残留现状及防控技术.山东农业科学,(10):82-84]
Watanabe M.2002.Cold tolerance and myo-inositol accumulation in overwintering adults of a lady beetle,Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae).European Journal of Entomology,99:5-9
Wu QJ,Yu Y,Gu XS,Liu F,Song DL,Wei GS,He M,Liu CZ,Xu GQ,Zhang YJ.2016.The occurrence and damage caused by root maggots on Chinese chives and integrated management techniques to control these pests.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,56(6):1165-1173(in Chinese)[吴青君,于毅,谷希树,刘峰,宋敦伦,魏国树,贺敏,刘长仲,许国庆,张友军.2016.韭菜根蛆的发生危害及综合防治技术研究.应用昆虫学报,56(6):1165-1173]
Xu ZH.2015.Studies on the population distribution and biological characteristics of Bradysia odoriphaga in Heilongjiang Province.Master Thesis.Haerbin:Heilongjiang University(in Chinese)[徐振华.2015.黑龙江省韭蛆种群分布及生物学特性研究.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:黑龙江大学]
Yang YT,Li WX,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Wang SL,Li CR,Zhang YJ.2014.Development of Bradysia odoriphaga(Diptera:Sciaridae)as affected by humidity:an age-stage,two-sex,life-table study.Applied Entomology and Zoology,50(1):3-10
Yuan YD,Hong XY,Wang DS,Yu WJ,Xie XC.2006.Occurrence and control of Bradysia odoriphaga in Shanghai area.Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,22(3):43-46(in Chinese)[袁永达,洪晓月,王冬生,於文俊,谢显传.2006.上海地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生与防治.上海农业学报,22(3):43-46]
Zhai X,Zhong JX,Guo DM.1988.Study on Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,25(4):212-215(in Chinese)[翟旭,仲济学,郭大鸣.1988.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊研究初报.昆虫知识,25(4):212-215]
Zhang GX,Yang LJ,Yao H.2005.The occurrence regularity and control of Bradysia odoriphaga.Journal of Jilin Vegetables,(2):31(in Chinese)[张国祥,杨丽娟,姚红.2005.韭蛆发生与防治技术.吉林蔬菜,(2):31]
Zhang SJ,Xu YL,Pan FJ.2013.The research progress of Bradysia odoriphaga.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,19(1/2):82-84(in Chinese)[张思佳,许艳丽,潘凤娟.2013.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊研究进展.安徽农学通报,19(1/2):82-84]
Zhou LL,Wang Y,Si SY.2012.Adult sex ratio of overwintering generation of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang in Wuhan.Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,(2):67-68(in Chinese)[周利琳,望勇,司升云.2012.武汉地区越冬代韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫性比调查.长江蔬菜,(2):67-68]
Feng HQ,Zheng FQ.1987.Studies on the occurrence and control of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang.Journal of Shandong Agricultural University,18(1):71-80(in Chinese)[冯惠琴,郑方强.1987.韭蛆发生规律及防治研究.山东农业大学学报,18(1):71-80]
Hu X,Bai YC,Xu WH,Zou DY,Xu JY,Liu BM,Gu XS.2016.Population dynamics of Bradysia odoriphaga and its relationship with temperature.Current Biotechnology,6(2):113-118(in Chinese)[胡霞,白义川,徐维红,邹德玉,许静杨,刘佰明,谷希树.2016.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及其与温度的关系.生物技术进展,6(2):113-118]
Li WX,Yang YT,Xie W,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Wang SL,Zhu X,Wang SJ,Zhang YJ.2015.Effects of temperature on the age-stage,twosex life table of Bradysia odoriphaga(Diptera:Sciaridae).Journal of Economic Entomology,108(1):126-134
Lin BX,Chen LX,Liu JY,Liu LY,Wang J.2014.Study on the occurrence regularity of Bradysia odoriphaga in Harbin area.Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,(3):73-74(in Chinese)[林宝祥,陈立新,刘吉业,刘力勇,王娟.2014.哈尔滨地区韭蛆发生规律研究.黑龙江农业科学,(3):73-74]
Mei ZX,Wu QJ,Zhang YJ,Hua L.2003.The biology,ecology and management of Bradysia odoriphaga.Entomological Knowledge,40(5):396-398(in Chinese)[梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,花蕾.2003.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治.昆虫知识,40(5):396-398]
Mei ZX,Wu QJ,Zhang YJ,Hua L.2004.Life tables of the laboratory population of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang(Diptera:Mycetophilidae)at different temperatures.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(2):219-222(in Chinese)[梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,花蕾.2004.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在不同温度下的实验种群生命表.昆虫学报,47(2):219-222]
Shi CH,Yang YT,Han HL,Chen JX,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhang YJ.2016.Population dynamics and summer and winter habitats of Bradysia odoriphaga in the Beijing area.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(6):1174-1183(in Chinese)[史彩华,杨玉婷,韩昊霖,程佳旭,吴青君,徐宝云,张友军.2016.北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究.应用昆虫学报,53(6):1174-1183]
Wang WJ,Zhang T,Chen JM,Chen ZD.2011.Present situation and control technology of pesticide residue in Chinese chives.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,(10):82-84(in Chinese)[王文娇,张涛,陈健美,陈振德.2011.韭菜农药残留现状及防控技术.山东农业科学,(10):82-84]
Watanabe M.2002.Cold tolerance and myo-inositol accumulation in overwintering adults of a lady beetle,Harmonia axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae).European Journal of Entomology,99:5-9
Wu QJ,Yu Y,Gu XS,Liu F,Song DL,Wei GS,He M,Liu CZ,Xu GQ,Zhang YJ.2016.The occurrence and damage caused by root maggots on Chinese chives and integrated management techniques to control these pests.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,56(6):1165-1173(in Chinese)[吴青君,于毅,谷希树,刘峰,宋敦伦,魏国树,贺敏,刘长仲,许国庆,张友军.2016.韭菜根蛆的发生危害及综合防治技术研究.应用昆虫学报,56(6):1165-1173]
Xu ZH.2015.Studies on the population distribution and biological characteristics of Bradysia odoriphaga in Heilongjiang Province.Master Thesis.Haerbin:Heilongjiang University(in Chinese)[徐振华.2015.黑龙江省韭蛆种群分布及生物学特性研究.硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:黑龙江大学]
Yang YT,Li WX,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Wang SL,Li CR,Zhang YJ.2014.Development of Bradysia odoriphaga(Diptera:Sciaridae)as affected by humidity:an age-stage,two-sex,life-table study.Applied Entomology and Zoology,50(1):3-10
Yuan YD,Hong XY,Wang DS,Yu WJ,Xie XC.2006.Occurrence and control of Bradysia odoriphaga in Shanghai area.Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,22(3):43-46(in Chinese)[袁永达,洪晓月,王冬生,於文俊,谢显传.2006.上海地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生与防治.上海农业学报,22(3):43-46]
Zhai X,Zhong JX,Guo DM.1988.Study on Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,25(4):212-215(in Chinese)[翟旭,仲济学,郭大鸣.1988.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊研究初报.昆虫知识,25(4):212-215]
Zhang GX,Yang LJ,Yao H.2005.The occurrence regularity and control of Bradysia odoriphaga.Journal of Jilin Vegetables,(2):31(in Chinese)[张国祥,杨丽娟,姚红.2005.韭蛆发生与防治技术.吉林蔬菜,(2):31]
Zhang SJ,Xu YL,Pan FJ.2013.The research progress of Bradysia odoriphaga.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,19(1/2):82-84(in Chinese)[张思佳,许艳丽,潘凤娟.2013.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊研究进展.安徽农学通报,19(1/2):82-84]
Zhou LL,Wang Y,Si SY.2012.Adult sex ratio of overwintering generation of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang in Wuhan.Journal of Changjiang Vegetables,(2):67-68(in Chinese)[周利琳,望勇,司升云.2012.武汉地区越冬代韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫性比调查.长江蔬菜,(2):67-68]