基于相干度优化的极化顺轨干涉SAR慢小目标CFAR检测
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摘要
为改善干涉合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统对慢动小目标的检测性能,研究了全极化顺轨干涉SAR(AT-POLINSAR)实现慢动目标恒虚警(CFAR)检测的方法。首先,通过对单基线AT-POLINSAR的系统设计,明确了其在现有技术条件下的可实现性,并对其信号形式与极化干涉回波进行了建模分析。然后,针对AT-POLINSAR 6维极化干涉矢量提出了以背景杂波平均相干度为优化准则的极化降维新方法,构建了一种统计分布类型与单极化干涉数据相同的次优极化标量干涉回波,从而使目前单极化顺轨干涉SAR(AT-INSAR)慢动目标CFAR检测方法可直接扩展至全极化情形。最后,通过检测实验对次优极化与单极化的慢动目标检测性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,次优极化方法能充分利用全极化信息提高INSAR对慢小目标的检测概率。
To improve the slow and small target detection performance of current interferometric SAR(INSAR),a new method is explored to implement constant false alarm rate(CFAR) detection for full polarimetric along-track INSAR(AT-POLINSAR). First,by designing a single-baseline AT-POLINSAR,we point out its feasibility under current technology conditions and analyze its signal form as well as polarimetric interferometric echo. Second,a new dimension reduction method for AT-POLINSAR 6D polarimetric interferometric vector is proposed using the background clutter average coherence as optimization criterion,from which the scalar echo in suboptimal polarization that has the same distribution type with single polarization can be obtained,and then the traditional single polarimetric INSAR slow target detector can be extended to be full polarimetric. Finally,Monte Carlo experiments and AT-POLINSAR scene detection experiments are carried out to compare the slow target detection performance of suboptimal polarimetric detectors and single polarimetric ones. The results indicate that suboptimal polarization can make full use of full polarimetric information to improve the INSAR detection probability of slow and small target.
To improve the slow and small target detection performance of current interferometric SAR(INSAR),a new method is explored to implement constant false alarm rate(CFAR) detection for full polarimetric along-track INSAR(AT-POLINSAR). First,by designing a single-baseline AT-POLINSAR,we point out its feasibility under current technology conditions and analyze its signal form as well as polarimetric interferometric echo. Second,a new dimension reduction method for AT-POLINSAR 6D polarimetric interferometric vector is proposed using the background clutter average coherence as optimization criterion,from which the scalar echo in suboptimal polarization that has the same distribution type with single polarization can be obtained,and then the traditional single polarimetric INSAR slow target detector can be extended to be full polarimetric. Finally,Monte Carlo experiments and AT-POLINSAR scene detection experiments are carried out to compare the slow target detection performance of suboptimal polarimetric detectors and single polarimetric ones. The results indicate that suboptimal polarization can make full use of full polarimetric information to improve the INSAR detection probability of slow and small target.
引文
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[22]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:627-628.Writing group of“Mathematical Manual”.Mathematical manual[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010:627-628(in Chinese).
[23]时公涛.基于干涉图的多通道SAR地面慢动目标自动检测技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2009:67-166.SHI G T.The research on multi-channel SAR automatic detection of slow ground moving targets based on the interferogram[D].Changsha:National University of Defence Technology,2009:67-166(in Chinese).
[24]PIPIA,L,FBREGAS X.Generation of Pol-SAR and POL-inSAR data for homogeneous distributed targets simulation[C]∥Proceedings of the POLINSAR 2005 Workshop,2005:1-4.
[25]高飞,孙进平,袁运能,等.单通道SAR实现ATI动目标检测的新方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(8):890-893.GAO F,SUN J P,YUAN Y N,et al.New method of moving target detection using single channel SAR ATI[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007,33(8):890-893(in Chinese).
[2]GIERULL C H.Statistical analysis of multilook SAR interferograms for CFAR detection of ground moving targets[J].IEEETransactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2004,42(4):691-701.
[3]GAO G,WANG X,LAI T.Detection of moving ships based on a combination of magnitude and phase in along-track interferometric SAR-PartⅡ:Statistical modelling and CFAR detection[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2015,53(7):3582-3599.
[4]GIERULL C H,SIKANETA I,CERUTTI-MAORI D.Spacebased SAR ground moving target indication[M]∥KLEMM R,NICKEL U,GIERULL C,et al.Novel radar techniques and applications volume 1:Real aperture array radar,imaging radar,and passive and multistatic radar.London:SciTech Publishing,2015:313-360.
[5]李仲森,埃里克·鲍狄埃.极化雷达成像基础与应用[M].洪文,李洋,尹婧,等,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2013:82-83.LEE J S,POTTIER E.Polarimetric radar imaging:From basics to applications[M].HONG W,LI Y,YIN Q,et al.translated.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2013:82-83(in Chinese).
[6]匡纲要,陈强,陆军.极化合成孔径雷达基础理论及其应用[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2011:1-20.KUANG G Y,CHEN Q,LU J.Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar basic principles and its application[M].Changsha:NUDT Publish House,2011:1-20(in Chinese).
[7]WANG X S,LI Y Z,DAI H Y,et al.Research on instantaneous polarization radar system and external experiment[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(15):1560-1567.
[8]李永祯,李棉全,程旭,等.雷达极化测量体制研究综述[J].系统工程与电子技术,2013,35(9):1873-1877.LI Y Z,LI M Q,CHENG X,et al.Summarization of radar polarization measurement modes[J].System Engineering and Electronic Technology,2013,35(9):1873-1877(in Chinese)
[9]王雪宾.同时极化雷达测量波形优化及检测技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.WANG X B.Research on waveform optimization and detection technology of simultaneous polarimetric radar[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2016(in Chinese).
[10]王福来,庞晨,李永祯,等.一种同时全极化雷达正交多相编码波形设计方法[J].雷达学报,2017,6(4):340-348.WANG F L,PANG C,LI Y Z,et al.Orthogonal polyphase coded waveform design method for simultaneous fully polarimetric radar'[J].Journal of Radar,2017,6(4):340-348(in Chinese).
[11]LIU C.Effects of target motion on polarimetric SAR images[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2006,32(2):51-56.
[12]LIU C.Time-frequency analysis of POLSAR moving target data[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2007,33(4):237-249.
[13]李廷伟,杜湘瑜,黄海风,等.全极化沿航向干涉SAR系统参数优化设计[J].系统工程与电子技术,2011,33(1):69-73.LI T W,DU X Y,HUANG H F,et al.Optimization design for the fully polarimetric along-track interferometric SAR system parameters[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2011,33(1):69-73(in Chinese).
[14]CLOUDE S R,PAPATHANASSIOU K P.Polarimetric SAR interferometry[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,1999,36(5):1551-1565.
[15]PAPATHANASSIOU K P,CLOUDE S R.Single-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001,39(11):2352-2363.
[16]刘忠训,代大海,王雪松,等.极化SAR动目标定位中的残差图像干涉相干度分析[J].电子与信息学报,2009,31(3):606-609.LIU Z X,DAI D H,WANG X S,et al.Analysis of the interferometric coherence between residual images in location of moving target with polarimetric SAR[J].Journal of Electronics and Information Technology,2009,31(3):606-609(in Chinese).
[17]STACY N,PREISS M.Polarimetric ATI slow target detection in a log likelihood framework[C]∥IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2014:3163-3166.
[18]STACY N,PREISS M.ATI slow target detection in a log likelihood framework[C]∥European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar(EUSAR),2008.
[19]郑春明.合成孔径雷达地面动目标检测技术研究[D].北京:中国科学院电子学研究所,2007:25-65.ZHENG C M.Research on synthetic aperture radar ground moving target detection technology[D].Beijing:Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007:25-65(in Chinese).
[20]ZHANG P,ZHANG J F,MA D,et al.Contrastive analysis of the performances of radar multi-look polarimetric detectors[C]∥IEEE Radar Conference.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2017:1373-1378.
[21]罗鹏飞,张文明.随机信号分析与处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2012:20-21.LUO P F,ZHANG W M.Analyses and processes to random signals[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2012:20-21(in Chinese).
[22]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:627-628.Writing group of“Mathematical Manual”.Mathematical manual[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010:627-628(in Chinese).
[23]时公涛.基于干涉图的多通道SAR地面慢动目标自动检测技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2009:67-166.SHI G T.The research on multi-channel SAR automatic detection of slow ground moving targets based on the interferogram[D].Changsha:National University of Defence Technology,2009:67-166(in Chinese).
[24]PIPIA,L,FBREGAS X.Generation of Pol-SAR and POL-inSAR data for homogeneous distributed targets simulation[C]∥Proceedings of the POLINSAR 2005 Workshop,2005:1-4.
[25]高飞,孙进平,袁运能,等.单通道SAR实现ATI动目标检测的新方法[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(8):890-893.GAO F,SUN J P,YUAN Y N,et al.New method of moving target detection using single channel SAR ATI[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007,33(8):890-893(in Chinese).