基于系统功能语言学的生态话语分析
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摘要
生态话语分析在生态学框架内通过话语分析揭示语言在生态系统中的作用。生态语言学的韩礼德模式注重通过语言分析阐释语言与生态系统之间的关系。基于系统功能语言学的生态话语分析通过及物性、作格结构、施动性、致使性、语法隐喻和评价资源的分析阐释生态话语如何建构人类与生态系统之间的关系,揭示生态话语如何生产和再生产物种主义和人类中心主义的意识形态。
Ecological discourse analysis attempts to reveal the role of language in the ecosystem through discourse analysis within an ecological framework. The Hallidayan approach of ecolinguistics studies the relation between language and the ecosystem with an emphasis on the analysis of language. An SFL-based approach to ecological discourse analysis, therefore, focuses on the analysis of transitivity, ergativity, agency, causality, grammatical metaphor and appraisal resources in ecological discourse, and in so doing, provides insights into how discourse plays a role in constructing the relationship between human beings and the ecosystem, and in producing and reproducing speciesist and anthropocentric ideologies.
Ecological discourse analysis attempts to reveal the role of language in the ecosystem through discourse analysis within an ecological framework. The Hallidayan approach of ecolinguistics studies the relation between language and the ecosystem with an emphasis on the analysis of language. An SFL-based approach to ecological discourse analysis, therefore, focuses on the analysis of transitivity, ergativity, agency, causality, grammatical metaphor and appraisal resources in ecological discourse, and in so doing, provides insights into how discourse plays a role in constructing the relationship between human beings and the ecosystem, and in producing and reproducing speciesist and anthropocentric ideologies.
引文
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[2] Alexander, R. Framing Discourse on the Environment: A Critical Discourse Approach[M]. New York: Routledge, 2009.
[3] Alexander, R. & A. Stibbe. From the analysis of ecological discourse to the ecological analysis of discourse[J]. Language Sciences, 2014,41:104-110.
[4] Cowley, S. J. Bio-ecology and language: A necessary unity[J]. Language Sciences, 2014,41:60-70.
[5] Fairclough, N. Discourse and Social Change[M]. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992.
[6] Fill, A. Ecolinguistics: States of the art[A]. In A. Fill & P. Mühlh?usler (eds.). The Ecolinguistics Reader: Language, Ecology and Environment[C]. London: Continuum, 2001.43-53.
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[8] Gerbig, A. Patterns of language use in discourse on the environment: A corpus-based approach[A]. In B. Kettemann & H. Penz (eds.). ECOnstructing Language, Nature and Society: The Ecolinguistic Project Revisited[C]. Tübingen: Stauffenburg, 2000.191-216.
[9] Goatly, A. Green grammar and grammatical metaphor, or language and the myth of power, or metaphors we die by[J]. Journal of Pragmatics, 1996,25:537-560.
[10] Goatly, A. The representation of nature on the BBC world service[J]. Text, 2002,22(1):1-27.
[11] Halliday, M. A. K. Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M]. London: Edward Arnold, 1978.
[12] Halliday, M. A. K. New ways of meaning: The challenge to applied linguistics[J]. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1990,6:7-36. Reprinted in A. Fill & P. Mühlh?usler (eds.). The Ecolinguistics Reader: Language, Ecology and Environment[C]. London: Continuum, 2001.175-202.
[13] Halliday, M. A. K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (2nd edition)[M]. London: Edward Arnold, 1994.
[14] Halliday, M. A. K. Is the grammar neutral? Is the grammarian neutral?[A]. In M. A. K. Halliday. On Language and Linguistics[C]. London: Continuum, 2003.271-294.
[15] Halliday, M. A. K. Applied linguistics as an evolving theme[A]. In J. Webster (ed.). Language and Education: Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday[C]. London: Continuum, 2007. 1-19.
[16] Halliday, M. A. K. Meaning as choice[A]. In L. Fountaine, T. Bartlett & G. O’Grady (eds.). Systemic Functional Linguistics: Exploring Choice[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 15-36.
[17] Halliday, M. A. K. & J. R. Martin. Writing Science: Literacy and Discursive Power[M]. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993.
[18] Halliday, M. A. K. & C. M. I. M. Matthiessen. Construing Experiences through Meaning: A Language-based Approach to Cognition[M]. London: Continuum, 1999.
[19] Haugen, E. The Ecology of Language: Essays by Einar Haugen (selected and introduced by A. S. Dil)[M]. California: Stanford University Press, 1972.
[20] Jepson, J. A linguistics analysis of discourse on the killing of non-human animals[J]. Society and Animals, 2008,16:127-148.
[21] Martin, J. R. & D. Rose. Working with Discourse: Meaning beyond the Clause[M]. London: Continuum, 2003/2007.
[22] Martin, J. R. & P. White. The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English[M]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
[23] Mühlh?usler, P. Linguistic adaptation to changed environmental conditions[A]. In A. Fill (ed.). Sprachokologie und Okolinguistik[C]. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag, 1996.
[24] Naess, A. The shallow and the long range, deep ecology movement[A]. In A. Drengson & Y. Inoue (eds.). The Deep Ecology Movement: An Introductory Anthology[C]. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1995. 3-10.
[25] Singer, P. Ethics and the new animal liberation movement[A]. In P. Singer (ed.). In Defence of Animals[C]. New York: Blackwell, 1985.1-12.
[26] Solin, A. Intertextuality as mediation: On the analysis of intertextual relations in public discourse[J]. Text, 2004,24(2):267-296.
[27] Steffensen, S. Language, ecology and society: An introduction to dialectical linguistics[A]. In J. C. Bang & J. D??r (eds.). Language, Ecology and Society: A Dialectical Approach[C]. London: Continuum, 2007.3-31.
[28] Steffensen, S. & A. Fill. Ecolinguistics: The state of the art and future horizons[J]. Language Sciences, 2014,41:6-25.
[29] Stibbe, A. Animals Erased: Discourse, Ecology, and Reconnection with the Natural World[M]. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2012.
[30] Stibbe, A. Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories we Live by[M]. London: Routledge, 2015.
[31] Thompson, G. & R. G. Ramos. Ergativity in the analysis of business texts[J]. DIRECT Working Papers, No. 3. Sao Paulo: CEPRIL, Catholic University of Sao Paulo, 1994.
[32] 何伟,张瑞杰. 生态话语分析模式构建[J]. 中国外语,2017,(5):56-64.
[33] 黄国文. 生态语言学的兴起与发展[J]. 中国外语,2016,(1):8-12.
[34] 黄国文. 从系统功能语言学到生态语言学[J]. 外语教学,2017,(5):1-7.
[35] 辛志英,黄国文. 系统功能语言学与生态话语分析[J]. 外语教学,2013,(5):7-10.
[2] Alexander, R. Framing Discourse on the Environment: A Critical Discourse Approach[M]. New York: Routledge, 2009.
[3] Alexander, R. & A. Stibbe. From the analysis of ecological discourse to the ecological analysis of discourse[J]. Language Sciences, 2014,41:104-110.
[4] Cowley, S. J. Bio-ecology and language: A necessary unity[J]. Language Sciences, 2014,41:60-70.
[5] Fairclough, N. Discourse and Social Change[M]. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992.
[6] Fill, A. Ecolinguistics: States of the art[A]. In A. Fill & P. Mühlh?usler (eds.). The Ecolinguistics Reader: Language, Ecology and Environment[C]. London: Continuum, 2001.43-53.
[7] Gerbig, A. The representation of agency and control in texts on the environment[A]. In R. J. Alexander, J. C. Bang & J. D??r (eds.). Language and Ecology: Proceedings of the Symposium on Ecolinguistics of AILA ’93, Amsterdam[C]. Odense: Odense University Press, 1993. 61-74.
[8] Gerbig, A. Patterns of language use in discourse on the environment: A corpus-based approach[A]. In B. Kettemann & H. Penz (eds.). ECOnstructing Language, Nature and Society: The Ecolinguistic Project Revisited[C]. Tübingen: Stauffenburg, 2000.191-216.
[9] Goatly, A. Green grammar and grammatical metaphor, or language and the myth of power, or metaphors we die by[J]. Journal of Pragmatics, 1996,25:537-560.
[10] Goatly, A. The representation of nature on the BBC world service[J]. Text, 2002,22(1):1-27.
[11] Halliday, M. A. K. Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M]. London: Edward Arnold, 1978.
[12] Halliday, M. A. K. New ways of meaning: The challenge to applied linguistics[J]. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1990,6:7-36. Reprinted in A. Fill & P. Mühlh?usler (eds.). The Ecolinguistics Reader: Language, Ecology and Environment[C]. London: Continuum, 2001.175-202.
[13] Halliday, M. A. K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar (2nd edition)[M]. London: Edward Arnold, 1994.
[14] Halliday, M. A. K. Is the grammar neutral? Is the grammarian neutral?[A]. In M. A. K. Halliday. On Language and Linguistics[C]. London: Continuum, 2003.271-294.
[15] Halliday, M. A. K. Applied linguistics as an evolving theme[A]. In J. Webster (ed.). Language and Education: Collected Works of M.A.K. Halliday[C]. London: Continuum, 2007. 1-19.
[16] Halliday, M. A. K. Meaning as choice[A]. In L. Fountaine, T. Bartlett & G. O’Grady (eds.). Systemic Functional Linguistics: Exploring Choice[C]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. 15-36.
[17] Halliday, M. A. K. & J. R. Martin. Writing Science: Literacy and Discursive Power[M]. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993.
[18] Halliday, M. A. K. & C. M. I. M. Matthiessen. Construing Experiences through Meaning: A Language-based Approach to Cognition[M]. London: Continuum, 1999.
[19] Haugen, E. The Ecology of Language: Essays by Einar Haugen (selected and introduced by A. S. Dil)[M]. California: Stanford University Press, 1972.
[20] Jepson, J. A linguistics analysis of discourse on the killing of non-human animals[J]. Society and Animals, 2008,16:127-148.
[21] Martin, J. R. & D. Rose. Working with Discourse: Meaning beyond the Clause[M]. London: Continuum, 2003/2007.
[22] Martin, J. R. & P. White. The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English[M]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
[23] Mühlh?usler, P. Linguistic adaptation to changed environmental conditions[A]. In A. Fill (ed.). Sprachokologie und Okolinguistik[C]. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag, 1996.
[24] Naess, A. The shallow and the long range, deep ecology movement[A]. In A. Drengson & Y. Inoue (eds.). The Deep Ecology Movement: An Introductory Anthology[C]. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1995. 3-10.
[25] Singer, P. Ethics and the new animal liberation movement[A]. In P. Singer (ed.). In Defence of Animals[C]. New York: Blackwell, 1985.1-12.
[26] Solin, A. Intertextuality as mediation: On the analysis of intertextual relations in public discourse[J]. Text, 2004,24(2):267-296.
[27] Steffensen, S. Language, ecology and society: An introduction to dialectical linguistics[A]. In J. C. Bang & J. D??r (eds.). Language, Ecology and Society: A Dialectical Approach[C]. London: Continuum, 2007.3-31.
[28] Steffensen, S. & A. Fill. Ecolinguistics: The state of the art and future horizons[J]. Language Sciences, 2014,41:6-25.
[29] Stibbe, A. Animals Erased: Discourse, Ecology, and Reconnection with the Natural World[M]. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2012.
[30] Stibbe, A. Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories we Live by[M]. London: Routledge, 2015.
[31] Thompson, G. & R. G. Ramos. Ergativity in the analysis of business texts[J]. DIRECT Working Papers, No. 3. Sao Paulo: CEPRIL, Catholic University of Sao Paulo, 1994.
[32] 何伟,张瑞杰. 生态话语分析模式构建[J]. 中国外语,2017,(5):56-64.
[33] 黄国文. 生态语言学的兴起与发展[J]. 中国外语,2016,(1):8-12.
[34] 黄国文. 从系统功能语言学到生态语言学[J]. 外语教学,2017,(5):1-7.
[35] 辛志英,黄国文. 系统功能语言学与生态话语分析[J]. 外语教学,2013,(5):7-10.