岩爆微震特征的支护体系刚度效应初探
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摘要
隧道工程岩爆案例表明初期支护结构体系的类型与刚度影响着破裂及微震活动的特征、机制和阶段划分,这是一个较少被探讨且亟待被揭示的问题。依托巴陕高速公路米仓山特长隧道构造碎粒岩围岩段的岩爆现象及微震监测成果,建立围岩–支护复合体系的刚度评价方法,基于震源参数指标初步探索了岩爆特征的支护体系刚度效应,揭示了刚度条件由弱变强的岩爆微震特征及演化:(1)在岩爆发育期,对围岩卸荷边界施加刚性更强的约束条件,围岩内部破裂活动趋向发生能量积累和能量转移;岩爆发育期延长,微震事件的能量、视体积类型及比重发生改变。(2)在岩爆发生期,围岩内部破裂活动趋向发生更高量值的能量释放,现场岩爆及大能量冲击灾害表现更大波及范围的特点;微震事件在短时间内迅速出现,事件率和能量率极大提升。相关研究成果可帮助认识支护结构影响下围岩破裂活动的特征、机制与阶段划分,考虑支护结构影响的围岩破坏前兆预警判据,可为科学合理的支护方式遏制岩爆风险提供实际数据和理论参考。
Rockburst cases of tunnel engineering show that the type and stiffness of initial support system affect the characteristics,mechanism and stage development of fracture and microseismic activities of surrounding rock mass,which is a topic less discussed and needs to be fully revealed. Based on the rockburst phenomena and microseismic monitoring results of tectonic granulite section in the Micang mountain tunnel of Bazhong-Shanxi expressway,the evaluation method of composite stiffness by surrounding rock and support structures is proposed and the influence of support structure stiffness on the rockburst characteristics is explored based on the microseismic parameters. The evolution of rockburst characteristics with the stiffness condition changing from weak to strong is revealed as follows:(1) At the development stage of rockburst,a more rigid constraint condition is applied on the unloading boundary of surrounding rock,and the fracturing activity of surrounding rock tends to the effect of energy accumulating and energy transferring. The development period of rockburst is prolonged and the type and specific gravity of microseismic events are changing.(2) At the occurrence stage of rockburst,the fracturing activity of surrounding rock tends to produce higher energy release,and the field rockburst hazard show the characteristics of wider affected range by high energy shock. Microseismic events occur rapidly in a short time,and the event rate and energy rate are greatly increased. Finally,the research results can help to understand the characteristics,mechanism and development stages of rock fractures under the influence of support system,and to consider the influence of supporting system on the early warning criterion of surrounding rock failure. It hopes to provides practical data and theoretical reference for scientific and reasonable support ways to curb the risk of rockburst.
Rockburst cases of tunnel engineering show that the type and stiffness of initial support system affect the characteristics,mechanism and stage development of fracture and microseismic activities of surrounding rock mass,which is a topic less discussed and needs to be fully revealed. Based on the rockburst phenomena and microseismic monitoring results of tectonic granulite section in the Micang mountain tunnel of Bazhong-Shanxi expressway,the evaluation method of composite stiffness by surrounding rock and support structures is proposed and the influence of support structure stiffness on the rockburst characteristics is explored based on the microseismic parameters. The evolution of rockburst characteristics with the stiffness condition changing from weak to strong is revealed as follows:(1) At the development stage of rockburst,a more rigid constraint condition is applied on the unloading boundary of surrounding rock,and the fracturing activity of surrounding rock tends to the effect of energy accumulating and energy transferring. The development period of rockburst is prolonged and the type and specific gravity of microseismic events are changing.(2) At the occurrence stage of rockburst,the fracturing activity of surrounding rock tends to produce higher energy release,and the field rockburst hazard show the characteristics of wider affected range by high energy shock. Microseismic events occur rapidly in a short time,and the event rate and energy rate are greatly increased. Finally,the research results can help to understand the characteristics,mechanism and development stages of rock fractures under the influence of support system,and to consider the influence of supporting system on the early warning criterion of surrounding rock failure. It hopes to provides practical data and theoretical reference for scientific and reasonable support ways to curb the risk of rockburst.
引文
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[16]靳晓光,王艳,林志,等.西藏扎墨公路嘎隆拉隧道岩爆倾向性实验研究[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):114-119.(JIN Xiaoguang,WANG Yan,LIN Zhi,et al.Test study of rockburst proneness on Galongla tunnel of Zhamo highway in Tibet,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2013,31(1):114-119.(in Chinese))
[17]樊军伟,董腾,胡萍,等.岩爆倾向性深部硬岩破坏行为[J].矿业工程研究,2013,28(2):10-15.(FAN Junwei,DONG Teng,HUPing,et al.Research on behavior of burst-prone hard rock at depth[J].Mineral Engineering Research,2013,28(2):10-15.(in Chinese))
[18]于富才.隧道支护与围岩作用体系的力学特性研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2017.(YU Fucai.Study on mechanical characteristic of the system of support and surrounding rock[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017.(in Chinese))
[19]王慧明.微震监测评价卸压爆破效果的方法[J].煤矿开采,2009,14(3):95-97.(WANG Huiming.Method of micro-seismic monitoring for evaluation of blasting for pressure relief[J].Coal Mining Technology,2009,14(3):95-97.(in Chinese))
[20]ZHU Q J,FENG Y,CAI M,et al.Interpretation of the extent of hydraulic fracturing for rockburst prevention using microseismic monitoring data[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2017,38:107-119.
[2]马春驰.深埋隧道围岩脆性破裂的微震监测及岩爆解译与预警研究[博士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2017.(MA Chunchi.Microseismic monitoring of brittle fracturing of surrounding rock in deep-buried tunnel and study on interpretation and early-warning of rockburst[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2017.(in Chinese))
[3]马春驰,李天斌,张航,等.基于EMS微震参数的岩爆预警方法及探讨[J].岩土力学,2018,39(2):765-774.(MA Chunchi,LITianbin,ZHANG Hang,et al.An evaluation and early warning method for rockburst based on EMS microseismic source parameters[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(2):765-774.(in Chinese))
[4]冯夏庭,张传庆,陈炳瑞,等.岩爆孕育过程的动态调控[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):1 983-1 997.(FENG Xiating,ZHANG Chuanqing,CHEN Bingrui,et al.Dynamical control of rockburst evolution process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):1 983-1 997.(in Chinese))
[5]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):561-569.(CHENBingrui,FENG Xiating,MING Huajun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockburst in deep tunnel:time delayed rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):561-569.(in Chinese))
[6]BAIG A,URBANCIC T.Microseismic moment tensors:A path to understanding FRAC growth[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(3):320-324.
[7]吴顺川,黄小庆,陈钒,等.岩体破裂矩张量反演方法及其应用[J].岩土力学,2016,37(增1):1-18.(WU Shunchuan,HUANGXiaoqing,CHEN Fan,et al.Moment tensor inversion of rock failure and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(Supp.1):1-18.(in Chinese))
[8]MA C C,LI T B,XING H L,et al.Brittle rock modeling approach and its validation using excavation-induced micro-seismicity[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(8):3 175-3 188.
[9]MENDECKI A J,LYNCH R A,MALOVICHKO D A.Routine micro-seismic monitoring in mines[C]//Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2010 Conference.Perth,Western Australia:[s.n.],2010:1-33.
[10]FENG G L,FENG X T,CHEN B R,et al.A microseismic method for dynamic warning of rockburst development processes in tunnels[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2014,48(5):2 061-2 076.
[11]黄志平,唐春安,李立明,等.基于微震监测技术的岩爆预警研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2018,34(4):614-622.(HUANGZhiping,TANG Chun?an,LI Liming,et al.Research on early warning of rock burst based on microseismic monitoring technology[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University:Natural Science,2018,34(4):614-622.(in Chinese))
[12]于洋,徐倩,徐长节,等.局部能量释放率与微震相结合的岩爆动态预警指标[J].地下空间与工程学报,2018,14(1):266-272.(YU Yang,XU Qiang,XU Changjie,et al.Dynamic warning index of rockburst based on local energy release rate and microseismic information[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2018,14(1):266-272.(in Chinese))
[13]高真平,李庶林,黄波,等.深埋隧道地压多通道微震监测技术应用研究[J].公路隧道,2016,(3):35-40.(GAO Zhenping,LIShulin,HUANG Bo,et al.Research on application of ground pressure multi-channel microseismic monitoring technology in deep buried tunnel[J].Journal of Highway Tunnel,2016,(3):35-40.(in Chinese))
[14]成功,陈亮,王锡勇,等.深井岩爆微震监测预警与防治成套技术研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2017,13(增1):285-293.(CHENG Gong,CHEN Liang,WANG Xiyong,et al.Complete sets of technique research on microseismic monitoring,early-warning and prevention of rock burst in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2017,13(Supp.1):285-293.(in Chinese))
[15]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001:15-18.(DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Theory and technology of rock burst pressure control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2001:15-18.(in Chinese))
[16]靳晓光,王艳,林志,等.西藏扎墨公路嘎隆拉隧道岩爆倾向性实验研究[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):114-119.(JIN Xiaoguang,WANG Yan,LIN Zhi,et al.Test study of rockburst proneness on Galongla tunnel of Zhamo highway in Tibet,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2013,31(1):114-119.(in Chinese))
[17]樊军伟,董腾,胡萍,等.岩爆倾向性深部硬岩破坏行为[J].矿业工程研究,2013,28(2):10-15.(FAN Junwei,DONG Teng,HUPing,et al.Research on behavior of burst-prone hard rock at depth[J].Mineral Engineering Research,2013,28(2):10-15.(in Chinese))
[18]于富才.隧道支护与围岩作用体系的力学特性研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京交通大学,2017.(YU Fucai.Study on mechanical characteristic of the system of support and surrounding rock[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2017.(in Chinese))
[19]王慧明.微震监测评价卸压爆破效果的方法[J].煤矿开采,2009,14(3):95-97.(WANG Huiming.Method of micro-seismic monitoring for evaluation of blasting for pressure relief[J].Coal Mining Technology,2009,14(3):95-97.(in Chinese))
[20]ZHU Q J,FENG Y,CAI M,et al.Interpretation of the extent of hydraulic fracturing for rockburst prevention using microseismic monitoring data[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2017,38:107-119.