基于地统计学和GIS技术的坡豪湖氨氮浓度空间变异特征分析
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摘要
在以喀斯特地貌为主的桂西北地区,坡豪湖是广西极为罕见的大面积的风景秀丽的湖泊。由于人类活动逐渐频繁,坡豪湖水环境状况受到影响。为了解坡豪湖水质的状况,在实地采样与测样的基础上,基于地统计学半方差理论和GIS软件Kring空间插值方法,对坡豪湖水体中氨氮进行空间变异特征分析。结果表明:指数模型是氨氮浓度的最优半方差拟合模型;氨氮浓度的块金系数(C_0/C+C_0)=0.407 6,在25%～75%之间,表现出变量氨氮浓度空间自相关程度中等,具有较强的空间自相关,可进行空间插值;空间分布上,氨氮浓度大致呈现出湖西部高于东部,且自湖中心向南北增高的变化趋势,在湖东北小部分处氨氮浓度值偏高;结合地表水环境质量标准,坡豪湖大部分水域即78.18%面积的氨氮浓度符合国家二级标准,适用于水产养殖,11.94%面积的水质氨氮浓度符合国家一级水质标准,9.88%面积的水质氨氮浓度值在国家三级标准和四级范围之内。
In the northwestern part of Guangxi,which is dominated by karst landforms,Pohu Lake is a very large and scenic lake.As human activities become more and more frequent,the environment of Pohao Lake is affected.Under the field sampling and sampling measurement,this study analyzes the spatial variation of ammonia nitrogen concentration in Pohao Lake by the Geostatistics semi-variance theory and Kriging spatial interpolation method of GIS to understand the water quality.The results indicates that the optimal semivariogram model ammonia nitrogen concentration is Exponential model.The nugget coefficient of ammonia nitrogen concentration(C_0/C+C_0) is 0.407 6,between 25% and 75%,showing moderate spatial autocorrelation on ammonia nitrogen concentration,which is possible to do the spatial interpolation.In spatial distribution,the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the western part of the lake is higher than that in the eastern part,and increases gradually from the center of the lake to the north and south.And the value of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the north of the lake is the highest.Integrating with environmental quality standards of surface water,the most lake area,namely 78.18%,meets the national second-level standard and it is suitable for human drinking and aquaculture.The 11.94% of the area meets the national one-level,and the 9.88% of the area is within the national three-level and four-level.
In the northwestern part of Guangxi,which is dominated by karst landforms,Pohu Lake is a very large and scenic lake.As human activities become more and more frequent,the environment of Pohao Lake is affected.Under the field sampling and sampling measurement,this study analyzes the spatial variation of ammonia nitrogen concentration in Pohao Lake by the Geostatistics semi-variance theory and Kriging spatial interpolation method of GIS to understand the water quality.The results indicates that the optimal semivariogram model ammonia nitrogen concentration is Exponential model.The nugget coefficient of ammonia nitrogen concentration(C_0/C+C_0) is 0.407 6,between 25% and 75%,showing moderate spatial autocorrelation on ammonia nitrogen concentration,which is possible to do the spatial interpolation.In spatial distribution,the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the western part of the lake is higher than that in the eastern part,and increases gradually from the center of the lake to the north and south.And the value of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the north of the lake is the highest.Integrating with environmental quality standards of surface water,the most lake area,namely 78.18%,meets the national second-level standard and it is suitable for human drinking and aquaculture.The 11.94% of the area meets the national one-level,and the 9.88% of the area is within the national three-level and four-level.
引文
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[2]刘瑞民,王学军.湖泊水质参数空间优化估算的原理与方法[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(2):177-179.
[3]于松延,徐宗学,武玮,等.北洛河流域水质空间异质性及其对土地利用结构的响应[J]环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1309-1315.
[4]王政权.地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[5]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[6]张国耀,程先富,鲍伟佳,等.小流域土壤有机质和全磷空间变异分析——以安徽省舒城县龙潭小流域为例[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(2):169-173.
[7]陈伟强,刘国顺,华一新,等.基于GIS的河南省典型烟区土壤养分时空变异分析[J].河南农业科学,2007,36(11):70-75.
[8]高玉蓉,许红卫,周斌.稻田土壤养分的空间变异性研究[J].土壤通报,2005,36(6):822-825.
[9]牟乃夏,刘文宝,王海银,等.ArcGis10地理信息系统教程:从初学到精通[M].北京:测绘出版社,2012.
[10]刘晓林,李文峰,杨林楠,等.基于Arc GIS地统计分析模块的土壤养分空间变异分析——以云南省建水县为例[J].土壤通报,2012,43(6):1432-1437.
[11]史利江,郑丽波,柳云龙,等.长三角地区农田土壤养分空间变异及养分综合评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(6):839-846.
[12]王苏颖.云杉林生物量空间异质性研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2010.