沈阳桃仙国际机场鸟类夜间迁徙规律
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摘要
在鸟类迁徙季节,夜间鸟击事故频发是机场鸟击发生的一个显著特点.了解鸟类的夜间迁徙规律对于改进夜间鸟击防范措施具有重要的指导意义.本研究综合采用网捕法和声音记录法对沈阳桃仙机场夜间鸟类迁徙物种组成和迁徙规律进行研究.结果表明:56种鸟类(占比88.9%)具有夜间迁徙习性,且以后半夜迁徙为主;鸟类夜间迁徙具有明显的时间动态和迁徙次序,春季鸟类迁徙较为集中,迁徙高峰在5月中旬,主要鸟类由鹌鹑、红尾伯劳、栗耳鹀、黑喉石鵖、普通夜鹰、黄眉柳莺等组成,秋季迁徙较为分散,迁徙高峰出现在9月下旬至10月上旬,主要由鹌鹑、灰背鸫、红喉鹨、丘鹬、矛斑蝗莺和灰头鵐等组成.对夜间迁徙鸟类的危险等级评估发现,春季严重危险物种是鹌鹑和红尾伯劳,秋季严重危险物种是鹌鹑、纵纹腹小鸮、灰背鸫和丘鹬.分别从夜间迁徙鸟类组成、迁徙动态、时间节律和物种危险等级等角度提出了相应的鸟击防范对策,为桃仙机场鸟击防范提供参考.
The high frequency of bird strikes at night during the migration season is a remarkable characteristic of bird strikes at airports. Understanding the nocturnal migration patterns of birds is important for improving the methods to prevent bird strikes at night. In this study,we combined the methods of mist-net capture and sound recording to examine the composition of bird species and the patterns of nocturnal migration at Taoxian Airport. We found that 56 species of birds( 88.9% of the total) migrated at night and mainly migrated after midnight. There were obvious temporal dynamics and sequence in migration. The time of spring migration was more concentrated and the migration peaked in mid-May,with Coturnix japonica,Lanius cristatus,Emberiza fucata,Saxicola torquatus,Caprimulgus indicus and Phylloscopus inornatus as the dominant species. The migration pattern was more dispersed in autumn and the peak of migration was in late September to early October,and the main species were C. japonica,Turdus hortulorum,Anthus cervinus,Scolopax rusticola,Locustella lanceolata and Emberiza spodocephala. Based on the Bird Hazard Risk Assessment,there were mainly two species with high risk( C. japonica and L. cristatus) in spring migration and four species with high risk( C. japonica,Athene noctua,T. hortulorum and S. rusticola) in autumn migration.We proposed several strategies for the prevention of bird strike based on the composition of migratory birds,migration dynamics,migration rhythm and species risk level,which could serve as references for bird strike prevention at Taoxian Airport.
The high frequency of bird strikes at night during the migration season is a remarkable characteristic of bird strikes at airports. Understanding the nocturnal migration patterns of birds is important for improving the methods to prevent bird strikes at night. In this study,we combined the methods of mist-net capture and sound recording to examine the composition of bird species and the patterns of nocturnal migration at Taoxian Airport. We found that 56 species of birds( 88.9% of the total) migrated at night and mainly migrated after midnight. There were obvious temporal dynamics and sequence in migration. The time of spring migration was more concentrated and the migration peaked in mid-May,with Coturnix japonica,Lanius cristatus,Emberiza fucata,Saxicola torquatus,Caprimulgus indicus and Phylloscopus inornatus as the dominant species. The migration pattern was more dispersed in autumn and the peak of migration was in late September to early October,and the main species were C. japonica,Turdus hortulorum,Anthus cervinus,Scolopax rusticola,Locustella lanceolata and Emberiza spodocephala. Based on the Bird Hazard Risk Assessment,there were mainly two species with high risk( C. japonica and L. cristatus) in spring migration and four species with high risk( C. japonica,Athene noctua,T. hortulorum and S. rusticola) in autumn migration.We proposed several strategies for the prevention of bird strike based on the composition of migratory birds,migration dynamics,migration rhythm and species risk level,which could serve as references for bird strike prevention at Taoxian Airport.
引文
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[10]Luo K(罗康),Wang Z-J(王紫江),Wu Z-L(吴兆录),et al.Diversity of autumn nocturnal migrating bird in Dazhongshan bird-banding site,Northern Ailao Mountains.Sichuan Journal of Zoology(四川动物),2012,31(4):641-646(in Chinese)
[11]Liu M-Y(刘明玉),Qiu Y-J(邱英杰),Li Z-W(李壮威).Liaoning Bird Inspection Report.Shenyang:Liaoning University Press,1986(in Chinese)
[12]MacKinnon J,Phillipps K,He F-Q(何芬奇).A Field Guide to the Birds of China.Changsha:Hunan Education Press,2000(in Chinese)
[13]Zheng G-M(郑光美).A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China.Beijing:Science Press,2011(in Chinese)
[14]Wei CT,Jia CX,Dong L,et al.Geographic variation in the calls of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus):Isolation by distance and divergence among subspecies.Journal of Ornithology,2015,156:533-542
[15]Magurran AE.Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement.Princeton,NJ,USA:Princeton University Press,1988
[16]Dolbeer RA,Wright SE.Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States 1990-2007.Bird Strike Committee Proceedings.Washington,DC:The federal Aviation Administration National Wildlife Strike Dalabase,2008
[17]Zheng G-M(郑光美).Ornithology.Beijing:Science Press,2012(in Chinese)
[18]Zhang F-Y(张孚允),Yang R-L(杨若莉).Bird Migration Research of China.Beijing:China Forestry Press,1997(in Chinese)
[19]Ding Z-J(丁振军),Li D-L(李东来),Wan D-M(万冬梅),et al.Avian diversity and bird strike avoidance at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2015,34(9):2561-2567(in Chinese)
[20]Cabrera-Cruz SA,Mabee TJ,Patraca RV.Nocturnal bird migration in Mexico:First records from marine radar.Ornitología Neotropical,2013,24:299-309
[21]Bolshakov C,Bulyuk V,Chernetsov N.Spring nocturnal migration of reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus:Departure,landing and body condition.Ibis,2003,145:106-112
[22]Wang H-M(王红梅),Tan H(谈华).Study on the migratory phenomenon of birds.Journal of Science of Teachers’College and University(高师理科学刊),1998,18(1):63-65(in Chinese)
[23]Liang H-S(梁海山),Lu Y-Y(陆永云),Peng H-Z(彭华洲).Master the migration rules of birds and reduce the risk of birds hitting planes.Science and Technology Vision(科技视界),2014(1):193(in Chinese)
[24]Han L-X(韩联宪),Huang S-L(黄石林),Yuan Y-C(袁玉川),et al.Fall migration dynamics of birds on Fenghuang Mountain,Yunnan Province,China.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2007,28(1):35-40(in Chinese)
[25]Hamilton WJ.Evidence concerning the function of nocturnal call notes of migratory birds.The Condor,1962,64:390-401
[26]Farnsworth A.Flight calls of wood-warblers are not exclusively associated with migratory behaviors.Wilson Journal of Ornithology,2007,119:334-341
[27]Tan J-Y(覃建庸),Chen M-H(陈名红),Xiang Z-F(向左甫).On seasonal migratory model and study method of aves.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences(安徽农业科学),2008,36(17):7278-7281(in Chinese)
[2]Civil Aviation Administration of China(中国民用航空局),China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology(中国民航科学技术研究院).Bird Strike Aircraft Analysis Report of International Civil Aviation Organization in 2000[EB/OL].(2002-10)[2018-03-18].http://www.birdstrike.cn/(in Chinese)
[3]Civil Aviation Administration of China(中国民用航空局),China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology(中国民航科学技术研究院).Bird Strike Aircraft Analysis Report of China Civil Aviation in 2015[EB/OL].(2016-12)[2018-03-18].http://www.birdstrike.cn/(in Chinese)
[4]Wei Y-J(魏岳江).Incredible aviation disaster.National Defense Science and Technology(国防科技),2003(12):87-88(in Chinese)
[5]Civil Aviation Administration of China(中国民用航空局),China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology(中国民航科学技术研究院).Bird Strike Aircraft Analysis Report of China Civil Aviation in 2014[EB/OL].(2015-12)[2018-03-18].http://www.birdstrike.cn/(in Chinese)
[6]Smith AD,Paton PWC,McWilliams SR.Using nocturnal flight calls to assess the fall migration of warblers and sparrows along a coastal ecological barrier.PLo S One,2014,9(3):e92218
[7]Farnsworth A,Gauthreaux Jr SA,Blaricom D.A comparison of nocturnal call counts of migrating birds and reflectivity measurements on Doppler radar.Journal of Avian Biology,2004,35:365-369
[8]Huang S-L(黄石林),Han L-X(韩联宪),Gao S-Z(高素珍),et al.Diversity of migratory birds during autumn nights in Fenghuang Mountains,Nanjian County,Yunnan Province.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2006,27(2):163-168(in Chinese)
[9]Yang T(杨婷),Wang Z-J(王紫江),Liu L-M(刘鲁明),et al.Diversity of the birds captured at night in Ailao Mountain,Xinping County,Yunnan Province.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2009,30(3):303-310(in Chinese)
[10]Luo K(罗康),Wang Z-J(王紫江),Wu Z-L(吴兆录),et al.Diversity of autumn nocturnal migrating bird in Dazhongshan bird-banding site,Northern Ailao Mountains.Sichuan Journal of Zoology(四川动物),2012,31(4):641-646(in Chinese)
[11]Liu M-Y(刘明玉),Qiu Y-J(邱英杰),Li Z-W(李壮威).Liaoning Bird Inspection Report.Shenyang:Liaoning University Press,1986(in Chinese)
[12]MacKinnon J,Phillipps K,He F-Q(何芬奇).A Field Guide to the Birds of China.Changsha:Hunan Education Press,2000(in Chinese)
[13]Zheng G-M(郑光美).A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China.Beijing:Science Press,2011(in Chinese)
[14]Wei CT,Jia CX,Dong L,et al.Geographic variation in the calls of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus):Isolation by distance and divergence among subspecies.Journal of Ornithology,2015,156:533-542
[15]Magurran AE.Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement.Princeton,NJ,USA:Princeton University Press,1988
[16]Dolbeer RA,Wright SE.Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States 1990-2007.Bird Strike Committee Proceedings.Washington,DC:The federal Aviation Administration National Wildlife Strike Dalabase,2008
[17]Zheng G-M(郑光美).Ornithology.Beijing:Science Press,2012(in Chinese)
[18]Zhang F-Y(张孚允),Yang R-L(杨若莉).Bird Migration Research of China.Beijing:China Forestry Press,1997(in Chinese)
[19]Ding Z-J(丁振军),Li D-L(李东来),Wan D-M(万冬梅),et al.Avian diversity and bird strike avoidance at Shenyang Taoxian International Airport.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2015,34(9):2561-2567(in Chinese)
[20]Cabrera-Cruz SA,Mabee TJ,Patraca RV.Nocturnal bird migration in Mexico:First records from marine radar.Ornitología Neotropical,2013,24:299-309
[21]Bolshakov C,Bulyuk V,Chernetsov N.Spring nocturnal migration of reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus:Departure,landing and body condition.Ibis,2003,145:106-112
[22]Wang H-M(王红梅),Tan H(谈华).Study on the migratory phenomenon of birds.Journal of Science of Teachers’College and University(高师理科学刊),1998,18(1):63-65(in Chinese)
[23]Liang H-S(梁海山),Lu Y-Y(陆永云),Peng H-Z(彭华洲).Master the migration rules of birds and reduce the risk of birds hitting planes.Science and Technology Vision(科技视界),2014(1):193(in Chinese)
[24]Han L-X(韩联宪),Huang S-L(黄石林),Yuan Y-C(袁玉川),et al.Fall migration dynamics of birds on Fenghuang Mountain,Yunnan Province,China.Zoological Research(动物学研究),2007,28(1):35-40(in Chinese)
[25]Hamilton WJ.Evidence concerning the function of nocturnal call notes of migratory birds.The Condor,1962,64:390-401
[26]Farnsworth A.Flight calls of wood-warblers are not exclusively associated with migratory behaviors.Wilson Journal of Ornithology,2007,119:334-341
[27]Tan J-Y(覃建庸),Chen M-H(陈名红),Xiang Z-F(向左甫).On seasonal migratory model and study method of aves.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences(安徽农业科学),2008,36(17):7278-7281(in Chinese)