异龙湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落多样性及其季节动态
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摘要
2016年7月起至2017年12月,于云南省石屏县异龙湖国家湿地公园调查到鸟类139种,隶属16目47科;其中留鸟73种,夏候鸟21种,冬候鸟35种,旅鸟10种。记录到水鸟51种,以鹳形目鹭科和雁形目鸭科为主。国家II级保护鸟类6种,即黑翅鸢、白腹鹞、白尾鹞、普通鵟、红隼、游隼。全年生态保育区鸟类多样性丰富度最高(4. 087),合理利用区最低(3. 968);生态保育区均匀度最高(0. 538),科普宣教区最低(0. 513);异龙湖鸟类多样性丰富度表现为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季。湿地公园内科普宣教区与生态恢复区相似性指数(0. 87)最高,而生态保育区与生态恢复区具有最低的相似性指数(0. 73)。
From July 2016 to December 2017,a total of 139 bird species belonging to 47 families and 16 orders were recorded in Yilong Lake National Wetland Park, Shiping County, Yunnan Province. Of these,73 were residents,21 were summer visitors,35 were winter visitors,10 were passage migrants. Fifty-one water bird species were recorded,mainly representing CICONIFORMES( Ardeidae) and ANSERIFORMES( Anatidae). Six species are listed as class II key nationally-protected species of China,viz. Elanus caeruleus,Circus spilonotus,Circus cyaneus,Buteo japonicus,Falco tinnunculus,and Falco peregrinus. The richness of the ecological conservation area was highest( 4. 087) and that of the rational utilization area was lowest( 3. 968). The evenness of the ecological conservation area was highest( 0. 538) and the science education area was lowest( 0. 513). Annual species richness was highest in summer, followed by winter,spring,and autumn. The similarity of bird communities was highest between science education area and ecological restoration area( 0. 87) and lowest between ecological conservation area and ecological restoration area( 0. 73).
From July 2016 to December 2017,a total of 139 bird species belonging to 47 families and 16 orders were recorded in Yilong Lake National Wetland Park, Shiping County, Yunnan Province. Of these,73 were residents,21 were summer visitors,35 were winter visitors,10 were passage migrants. Fifty-one water bird species were recorded,mainly representing CICONIFORMES( Ardeidae) and ANSERIFORMES( Anatidae). Six species are listed as class II key nationally-protected species of China,viz. Elanus caeruleus,Circus spilonotus,Circus cyaneus,Buteo japonicus,Falco tinnunculus,and Falco peregrinus. The richness of the ecological conservation area was highest( 4. 087) and that of the rational utilization area was lowest( 3. 968). The evenness of the ecological conservation area was highest( 0. 538) and the science education area was lowest( 0. 513). Annual species richness was highest in summer, followed by winter,spring,and autumn. The similarity of bird communities was highest between science education area and ecological restoration area( 0. 87) and lowest between ecological conservation area and ecological restoration area( 0. 73).
引文
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[2]Savard J P L,Clergeau P,Mennechez G.Biodiversity concepts and urban ecosystems[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,48(3/4):131-142.
[3]Koskimies P.Birds as a tool in environmental monitoring[J].Annales Zoologici Fennici,1989,26(3):153-166.
[4]杨岚,韩联宪,王淑珍,等.云南水禽资源的调查研究[J].动物学研究,1988,9(增刊1):23-31.
[5]张开平,莫明忠,韩联宪,等.红河州部分湿地越冬水鸟快速调查[J].林业调查规划,2006,31(5):122-124.
[6]杨岚,李恒.云南湿地[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2009:94-100.
[7]李永民,聂传朋,王魏根,等.安徽颍州西湖省级湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1195-1201.
[8]张勘,徐雨,李晓清,等.四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区鸟类资源与多样性分析[J].四川动物,2018,37(2):224-233.
[9]佘丽华,刘鹏程,张法强,等.云南异龙湖湿地现状与保护对策[J].林业建设,2016(4):15-18.
[10]李晓杰.石屏县异龙湖渔业产业发展现状及对策[J].现代农业科技,2014(3):328-329;333.
[11]国家林业局调查规划设计院.云南石屏异龙湖国家湿地公园总体规划[R],2014.
[12]Buckland S T,Anderson D R,Burnham K P,et al.Distance sampling:estimating abundance of biological populations[M].London:Springer Netherlands,1993.
[13]张明海,萧前柱,高中信.多样性指数公式在鸟类群落中应用的探讨[J].生态学杂志,1990,9(5):52-55.
[14]Pielou E C,Levandowsky M.Ecological diversity[J].Quarterly Review of Biology,1976,51(2):336.
[15]马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱβ多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
[16]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017.
[17]荆春燕,曾广权.异龙湖流域生态功能区划分析[J].云南环境科学,2003,22(4):49-51.
[18]李沈丽.异龙湖流域生态环境的综合治理[J].林业调查规划,2009,34(2):108-111.
[19]严锦屏.石屏县异龙湖水资源现状探析[J].红河探索,2013(3):47-49.
[20]罗康,白皓天,吴兆录,等.滇池湿地的鸻鹬类及铁嘴沙鸻和弯嘴滨鹬云南新分布[J].四川动物,2013,32(6):926-931.
[21]葛振鸣,王天厚,施文彧,等.长江口杭州湾鸻形目鸟类群落季节变化和生境选择[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):40-47.
[22]张欣宇,李枫,吴星兵,等.江西南矶湿地自然保护区春季鸟类群落多样性研究[J].野生动物学报,2014,35(1):75-80.
[23]邹红菲,朱井丽,吴庆明,等.扎龙保护区湿地注水恢复期鸟类群落多样性[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(3):207-215.
[24]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
[25]孙勇,鲁长虎,王征,等.长广溪国家城市湿地公园鸟类群落结构及季节动态[J].四川动物,2015,34(4):541-547.
[26]贾少波,赛道建,朱江.东昌湖春季鸟类群落多样性初步研究[J].动物学杂志,2001,36(4):40-44.