云南泸沽湖省级自然保护区鸟类多样性
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摘要
2016年6月至2017年3月,于旱季与雨季分别开展泸沽湖省级自然保护区鸟类多样性调查,对比不同生境鸟类多样性组成,以期反应泸沽湖退耕还湿的成效。结果表明:泸沽湖现有鸟类120种,隶属15目44科。其中留鸟63种,候鸟46种。基于不同生境鸟类相似性指数,无论是旱季还是雨季,退耕还湿区和林地相似性最高;退耕还湿区在雨季形成了季节性沼泽,但水鸟却仅6种,远低于林鸟;旱季退耕还湿区因水位下降归于旱地,不利于水鸟栖息。泸沽湖实施退耕还湿工程后,目前退耕还湿区对鸟类栖息的服务功能与陆地更为相似,作为湿地的服务功能相对较弱。
We investigated the bird diversity of Lugu Lake Provincial Nature Reserve in dry and rainy seasons from June 2016 to March 2017. The diversity of birds in different habitats was compared in order to assess the effect of wetland restoration project. The results showed that a total of 120 bird species(resident birds=63; migrant birds=46) belonging to 44 families and 15 orders were recorded. No matter in dry season or rainy season, the similarity coefficient of bird communities was the highest between wetland restoration area and woodland. The wetland restoration area has became seasonal swamps in the rainy season and there are only 6 water birds, which is much less than that of forest birds. The seasonal swamps became dry land in the dry season and water birds have declined. The ecological function of wetland restoration area is more similar to terrestrial ecosystem, and regard as the wetland, the function of ecosystem is weak.
We investigated the bird diversity of Lugu Lake Provincial Nature Reserve in dry and rainy seasons from June 2016 to March 2017. The diversity of birds in different habitats was compared in order to assess the effect of wetland restoration project. The results showed that a total of 120 bird species(resident birds=63; migrant birds=46) belonging to 44 families and 15 orders were recorded. No matter in dry season or rainy season, the similarity coefficient of bird communities was the highest between wetland restoration area and woodland. The wetland restoration area has became seasonal swamps in the rainy season and there are only 6 water birds, which is much less than that of forest birds. The seasonal swamps became dry land in the dry season and water birds have declined. The ecological function of wetland restoration area is more similar to terrestrial ecosystem, and regard as the wetland, the function of ecosystem is weak.
引文
[1]崔学振,杨拉珠,陈安康,等.泸沽湖、邛海越冬湿地鸟类调查[J].四川动物,1992,11(4):27-28.
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[3]杨岚,李恒.云南湿地[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010:114-115.
[4]张淑霞,孔德军,李连翔,等.泸沽湖及其附近竹地海湿地越冬水鸟群落组成及历史变化分析[J].动物学杂志,2015,50(5):686-694.
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[9]Green D M,Baker M G.Urbanization impacts on habitat and bird communities in a sonoran desert ecosystem[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2003,63(4):225-239.
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[12]Vignoli L,Battisti C,Bologna M A.Landscape heterogeneity affects the use of sampling methods:a case study of bird communities in mountains of Central Italy[J].Rendiconti Lincei,2010,21(4):315-322.
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[14]Colin J.Making the most of birds as environmental indicators[J].Ostrich-Journal of African Ornithology,1999,70(1):81-88.
[15]Canterbury G E,Martin T E,Petit D R,et al.Bird communities and habitat as ecological indicators of forest condition in regional monitoring[J].Conservation Biology,2000,14(2):544-558.
[16]Gregory R D,Noble D,Field R,et al.Using birds as indicators of biodiversity[J].Ornis Hungarica,2003,12:11-24.
[17]Midwood J D,Chowfraser P.Mapping floating and emergent aquatic vegetation in coastal wetlands of eastern georgian bay,lake huron,canada[J].Wetlands,2010,30(6):1141-1152.
[18]程松林,毛夷仙,袁荣斌.江西武夷山-黄岗山西北坡森林繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6963-6974.
[19]冯威,赵成章,岳冉,等.张掖国家湿地公园冬春季鸟类群落多样性和相似性分析[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2224-2231.
[20]李仲新.泸沽湖自然保护区资源管理与利用的矛盾及解决途径[J].林业调查规划,2006,31(S1):91-94.
[21]袁军.云南泸沽湖省级自然保护区生物资源现状及评价[J].陕西林业科技,2010(2):36-41.
[22]陈华豪.分层抽样法[J].林业资源管理,1990(1):79-81.
[23]许龙,张正旺,丁长青.样线法在鸟类数量调查中的运用[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(5):127-130.
[24]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[25]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017.
[26]何静平.国家重点保护野生动物名录[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,1989(2):46-60.
[27]郑光美,王岐山.中国濒危动物红皮书:鸟类[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[28]施昆山,邓炳生.国际自然和自然资源保护联盟[J].世界林业研究,1993(6):87.
[29]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[30]郑作新.中国鸟类分布名录[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1976.
[31]Wolda H.Similarity indices,sample size and diversity[J].Oecologia,1981,50(3):296-302.
[32]蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,2016,24(5):501-551+615.
[33]杨岚,杨晓君.云南鸟类志:第2卷:雀形目[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2004.
[34]张勘,徐雨,李晓清,等.四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区鸟类资源与多样性分析[J].四川动物,2018,37(2):224-233.
[35]彭红松,陆林,路幸福,等.基于旅游客流的跨界旅游区空间网络结构优化:以泸沽湖为例[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(3):422-431.
[36]杨岚,韩联宪,王淑珍,等.云南水禽资源的调查研究[J].动物学研究,1988,9(S):23-31.
[37]李连翔,杨国军.泸沽湖越冬水禽种群数量调查分析[J].林业调查规划,2015,40(2):74-78.
[38]丁平,诸葛阳,姜仕仁.浙江古田山自然保护区鸟类群落生态研究[J].生态学报,1989,9(2):121-127.
[39]杨帆,杨贵生,邢璞,等.内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原鸟类区系组成及其特征[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(3):450-456.
[2]林雯,冉江洪,郑志荣,等.四川凉山彝族自治州水域鸟类组成及变化探讨[J].四川动物,2007,26(1):32-37.
[3]杨岚,李恒.云南湿地[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010:114-115.
[4]张淑霞,孔德军,李连翔,等.泸沽湖及其附近竹地海湿地越冬水鸟群落组成及历史变化分析[J].动物学杂志,2015,50(5):686-694.
[5]郑光美.中国鸟类志[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1995.
[6]崔鹏,邓文洪.鸟类群落研究进展[J].动物学杂志,2007,42(4):149-158.
[7]Andrén H.Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat:a review[J].Oikos,1994,71(3):355-366.
[8]杨杰.四川老君山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性研究[D].成都:四川大学,2007.
[9]Green D M,Baker M G.Urbanization impacts on habitat and bird communities in a sonoran desert ecosystem[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2003,63(4):225-239.
[10]Mulwa R,Musina J,Otieno N,et al.Monitoring of threatened bird species and their habitats by local communities:the case of kinangop grasslands iba in kenya[J].Ostrich-Journal of African Ornithology,2007,78(2):166-166.
[11]Berges S A,Moore L A S,Isenhart T M,et al.Bird species diversity in riparian buffers,row crop fields,and grazed pastures within agriculturally dominated watersheds[J].Agroforestry Systems,2010,79(1):97-110.
[12]Vignoli L,Battisti C,Bologna M A.Landscape heterogeneity affects the use of sampling methods:a case study of bird communities in mountains of Central Italy[J].Rendiconti Lincei,2010,21(4):315-322.
[13]Getachew M,Ambelu A,Tiku S,et al.Ecological assessment of cheffa wetland in the borkena valley,northeast Ethiopia:macro-invertebrate and bird communities[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,15(1):63-71.
[14]Colin J.Making the most of birds as environmental indicators[J].Ostrich-Journal of African Ornithology,1999,70(1):81-88.
[15]Canterbury G E,Martin T E,Petit D R,et al.Bird communities and habitat as ecological indicators of forest condition in regional monitoring[J].Conservation Biology,2000,14(2):544-558.
[16]Gregory R D,Noble D,Field R,et al.Using birds as indicators of biodiversity[J].Ornis Hungarica,2003,12:11-24.
[17]Midwood J D,Chowfraser P.Mapping floating and emergent aquatic vegetation in coastal wetlands of eastern georgian bay,lake huron,canada[J].Wetlands,2010,30(6):1141-1152.
[18]程松林,毛夷仙,袁荣斌.江西武夷山-黄岗山西北坡森林繁殖鸟类多样性调查[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):6963-6974.
[19]冯威,赵成章,岳冉,等.张掖国家湿地公园冬春季鸟类群落多样性和相似性分析[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2224-2231.
[20]李仲新.泸沽湖自然保护区资源管理与利用的矛盾及解决途径[J].林业调查规划,2006,31(S1):91-94.
[21]袁军.云南泸沽湖省级自然保护区生物资源现状及评价[J].陕西林业科技,2010(2):36-41.
[22]陈华豪.分层抽样法[J].林业资源管理,1990(1):79-81.
[23]许龙,张正旺,丁长青.样线法在鸟类数量调查中的运用[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(5):127-130.
[24]约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000.
[25]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017.
[26]何静平.国家重点保护野生动物名录[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,1989(2):46-60.
[27]郑光美,王岐山.中国濒危动物红皮书:鸟类[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[28]施昆山,邓炳生.国际自然和自然资源保护联盟[J].世界林业研究,1993(6):87.
[29]张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[30]郑作新.中国鸟类分布名录[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,1976.
[31]Wolda H.Similarity indices,sample size and diversity[J].Oecologia,1981,50(3):296-302.
[32]蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,2016,24(5):501-551+615.
[33]杨岚,杨晓君.云南鸟类志:第2卷:雀形目[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2004.
[34]张勘,徐雨,李晓清,等.四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区鸟类资源与多样性分析[J].四川动物,2018,37(2):224-233.
[35]彭红松,陆林,路幸福,等.基于旅游客流的跨界旅游区空间网络结构优化:以泸沽湖为例[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(3):422-431.
[36]杨岚,韩联宪,王淑珍,等.云南水禽资源的调查研究[J].动物学研究,1988,9(S):23-31.
[37]李连翔,杨国军.泸沽湖越冬水禽种群数量调查分析[J].林业调查规划,2015,40(2):74-78.
[38]丁平,诸葛阳,姜仕仁.浙江古田山自然保护区鸟类群落生态研究[J].生态学报,1989,9(2):121-127.
[39]杨帆,杨贵生,邢璞,等.内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原鸟类区系组成及其特征[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(3):450-456.