巢湖十五里河沉积物磷平衡浓度对外源碳的响应及释放风险
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摘要
2017年7月至2018年5月,在巢湖十五里河干流的城乡梯度方向,按照每两个月采样1次的频率,采集5个点位的表层沉积物样,分析沉积物磷形态,解析磷平衡浓度及对外源碳(乙酸钠)的响应,并对沉积物磷释放风险进行评估.结果表明,十五里河水体磷素污染严重,沉积物总磷含量平均为915. 04～1 205. 31 mg·kg~(-1),且沿城乡梯度方向缓慢下降,而生物有效性磷含量则保持稳定;外源碳降低了沉积物EPC_0值(下降约29%),也改变了各采样点EPC_0值大小排序;上覆水SRP浓度高于EPC_0值所占比例为66. 7%,而且磷吸附解吸平衡饱和度EPC_(sat)<-20%所占比例约60. 0%,表明十五里河沉积物以磷吸附占优势,即沉积物总体上处于磷"汇"状态;外源碳的输入使得EPC_(sat)<-20%所占比例由60. 0%上升为73. 3%,降低了沉积物磷释放风险水平.
Five surface sediment samples were collected every two months from the Shiwuli River along an urban-rural gradient,Chaohu Lake Basin,from July 2017 to May 2018. Sediment phosphorus fractions were investigated,and equilibrium phosphate concentration( EPC_0) and its response to exogenous carbon( sodium acetate) addition were explored. Moreover,the risk of phosphorus release from sediment into water column was also evaluated. Results show that the Shiwuli River was seriously polluted by phosphorus. The average values of total phosphorus content in sediments ranged from 915. 04 to 1 205. 31 mg·kg~(-1),and it decreased slowly along the urban-rural gradient,while the bio-available phosphorus content remained stable. Exogenous carbon addition not only reduced the EPC_0 values of sediments( about 29%),but changed the order of EPC_0 values among the five sampling sites as well. In general,the ratio of overlying water SRP( soluble reactive phosphorus) concentration to EPC_0 value was 66. 7%,and phosphorus adsorption-desorption equilibrium saturation EPC_(sat)<-20% accounted for about 60. 0%,indicating that the surface sediments in the Shiwuli River were dominated by phosphorus adsorption,namely,keeping the phosphorus "sink"state. The inputs of exogenous carbon addition increased the proportion of EPC_(sat)<-20% from 60. 0% to 73. 3%,which lowered the risk of phosphorus release from sediments.
Five surface sediment samples were collected every two months from the Shiwuli River along an urban-rural gradient,Chaohu Lake Basin,from July 2017 to May 2018. Sediment phosphorus fractions were investigated,and equilibrium phosphate concentration( EPC_0) and its response to exogenous carbon( sodium acetate) addition were explored. Moreover,the risk of phosphorus release from sediment into water column was also evaluated. Results show that the Shiwuli River was seriously polluted by phosphorus. The average values of total phosphorus content in sediments ranged from 915. 04 to 1 205. 31 mg·kg~(-1),and it decreased slowly along the urban-rural gradient,while the bio-available phosphorus content remained stable. Exogenous carbon addition not only reduced the EPC_0 values of sediments( about 29%),but changed the order of EPC_0 values among the five sampling sites as well. In general,the ratio of overlying water SRP( soluble reactive phosphorus) concentration to EPC_0 value was 66. 7%,and phosphorus adsorption-desorption equilibrium saturation EPC_(sat)<-20% accounted for about 60. 0%,indicating that the surface sediments in the Shiwuli River were dominated by phosphorus adsorption,namely,keeping the phosphorus "sink"state. The inputs of exogenous carbon addition increased the proportion of EPC_(sat)<-20% from 60. 0% to 73. 3%,which lowered the risk of phosphorus release from sediments.
引文
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[19]李慧,周易勇,余能智.锦江河沉积物磷形态与吸附行为及磷释放风险[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(4):27-35.Li H,Zhou Y Y,Yu N Z.Determination of phosphorus forms and adsorption behavior of sediments in Jinjiang River and the risk of phosphorus release[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(4):27-35.
[20]王圣瑞,金相灿,赵海超,等.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物对磷的吸附特征[J].环境科学,2005,26(3):38-43.Wang S R,Jin X C,Zhao H C,et al.Phosphate adsorption characteristics onto the sediments from shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Environmental Science,2005,26(3):38-43.
[21]于佳真,王晓昌,薛涛,等.不同温度下西安汉城湖沉积物吸附、释放特性和磷形态[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(11):6275-6282.Yu J Z,Wang X C,Xue T,et al.Phosphorus sorption,release characteristic under different temperature and phosphorus fractions in sediments of Hancheng Lake in Xi'an[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(11):6275-6282.
[22]Jarvie H P,Jürgens M D,Williams R J,et al.Role of river bed sediments as sources and sinks of phosphorus across two major eutrophic UK river basins:the Hampshire Avon and Herefordshire Wye[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,304(1-4):51-74.
[23]易文利,王圣瑞,杨苏文,等.外加碳源及沉水植物对沉积物各形态磷的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6-7):1092-1096.Yi W L,Wang S R,Yang S W,et al.Influences of submerged vegetation Myriophyllum spicatum and carbon source addition on the forms of phosphorus in sediments[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(6-7):1092-1096.
[24]刘佳,雷丹,李琼,等.黄柏河流域梯级水库沉积物磷形态特征及磷释放通量分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1608-1615.Liu J,Lei D,Li Q,et al.Characteristics of phosphorus fractions and phosphate diffusion fluxes of sediments in cascade reservoirs of the Huangbai River[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1608-1615.
[25]Meng J,Yao Q Z,Yu Z G.Particulate phosphorus speciation and phosphate adsorption characteristics associated with sediment grain size[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,70:140-145.
[26]Bastami K D,Neyestani M R,Raeisi H,et al.Bioavailability and geochemical speciation of phosphorus in surface sediments of the Southern Caspian Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,126:51-57.
[2]Collins S D,Shukla S,Shrestha N K.Drainage ditches have sufficient adsorption capacity but inadequate residence time for phosphorus retention in the Everglades[J].Ecological Engineering,2016,92:218-228.
[3]Small G E,Ardón M,Duff J H,et al.Phosphorus retention in a lowland Neotropical stream following an eight-year enrichment experiment[J].Freshwater Science,2016,35(1):1-11.
[4]易齐涛,孙鹏飞,谢凯,等.区域水化学条件对淮南采煤沉陷区水域沉积物磷吸附特征的影响研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):3894-3903.Yi Q T,Sun P F,Xie K,et al.Impact of regional water chemistry on the phosphorus isothermal adsorption of the sediments in Three subsidence waters of the Huainan mine areas[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(10):3894-3903.
[5]Wang Q R,Li Y C.Phosphorus adsorption and desorption behavior on sediments of different origins[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,10(6):1159-1173.
[6]胡洁蕴,李淑芹,宋歌,等.北京市北运河沉积物对氮、磷的吸附/解吸动力学特征[J].湖泊科学,2018,30(3):650-659.Hu J Y,Li S Q,Song G,et al.Adsorption/desorption dynamic characteristic of sediments on nitrogen and phosphorus in the north Grand Canal of Beijing[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2018,30(3):650-659.
[7]Pant H K,Reddy K R.Phosphorus sorption characteristics of estuarine sediments under different redox conditions[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2001,30(4):1474-1480.
[8]姜霞,王秋娟,王书航,等.太湖沉积物氮磷吸附/解吸特征分析[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1285-1291.Jiang X,Wang Q J,Wang S H,et al.Characteristic analysis of the adsorption/desorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments of Taihu Lake[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(5):1285-1291.
[9]Khoshmanesh A,Hart B T,Duncan A,et al.Biotic uptake and release of phosphorus by a wetland sediment[J].Environmental Technology Letters,1999,20(1):85-91.
[10]Lottig N R,Stanley E H.Benthic sediment influence on dissolved phosphorus concentrations in a headwater stream[J].Biogeochemistry,2007,84(3):297-309.
[11]李如忠,李峰.巢湖十五里河沉积物生物有效性氮磷分布及相关性[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(8):873-881.Li R Z,Li F.Distribution and correlation analysis of bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments of Shiwuli River,Chaohu Lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(8):873-881.
[12]李如忠,李峰,周爱佳,等.巢湖十五里河沉积物氮磷形态分布及生物有效性[J].环境科学,2012,33(5):1503-1510.Li R Z,Li F,Zhou A J,et al.Distribution and bioavailability of nitrogen and phosphorus species in the sediments from Shiwuli Stream in Lake Chaohu[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(5):1503-1510.
[13]李如忠,张亮.巢湖十五里河不同水力特性区沉积物及间隙水营养盐的分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(12):2960-2968.Li R Z,Zhang L.Distribution characteristics of nutrients in core sediments and interstitial water from different hydraulic property zones in Shiwuli Stream,Chaohu Lake[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(12):2960-2968.
[14]李如忠,丁贵珍.基于OTIS模型的巢湖十五里河源头段氮磷滞留特征[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):742-751.Li R Z,Ding G Z.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphate retention in the headwater stream of Shiwulihe in Lake Chaohu basin based on OTIS model[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):742-751.
[15]李如忠,秦如彬,黄青飞,等.不同水源补给情形的溪流沟渠沉积物磷形态及释放风险分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3375-3383.Li R Z,Qin R B,Huang Q F,et al.Fractions and release risk of phosphorus in surface sediments of three headwater streams with different styles of water supply[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3375-3383.
[16]Mac Donald D D,Ingersoll C G,Berger T A.Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2000,39(1):20-31.
[17]吕豪朋,李崇巍,马振兴,等.天津于桥水库上游河流表层沉积物不同形态磷的空间分布[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(3):66-71.Lyu H P,Li C W,Ma Z X,et al.Spatial distribution of different forms of phosphorus in sediments of the upstream of Tianjin Yuqiao Reservoir[J].Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2018,38(3):66-71.
[18]裴婷婷,李如忠,高苏蒂,等.合肥城郊典型农田溪流水系统沉积物磷形态及释放风险分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):548-557.Pei T T,Li R Z,Gao S D,et al.Phosphorus fractions and release risk in surface sediments of an agricultural headwater stream system in Hefei suburban,China[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(2):548-557.
[19]李慧,周易勇,余能智.锦江河沉积物磷形态与吸附行为及磷释放风险[J].水生态学杂志,2017,38(4):27-35.Li H,Zhou Y Y,Yu N Z.Determination of phosphorus forms and adsorption behavior of sediments in Jinjiang River and the risk of phosphorus release[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(4):27-35.
[20]王圣瑞,金相灿,赵海超,等.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物对磷的吸附特征[J].环境科学,2005,26(3):38-43.Wang S R,Jin X C,Zhao H C,et al.Phosphate adsorption characteristics onto the sediments from shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Environmental Science,2005,26(3):38-43.
[21]于佳真,王晓昌,薛涛,等.不同温度下西安汉城湖沉积物吸附、释放特性和磷形态[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(11):6275-6282.Yu J Z,Wang X C,Xue T,et al.Phosphorus sorption,release characteristic under different temperature and phosphorus fractions in sediments of Hancheng Lake in Xi'an[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(11):6275-6282.
[22]Jarvie H P,Jürgens M D,Williams R J,et al.Role of river bed sediments as sources and sinks of phosphorus across two major eutrophic UK river basins:the Hampshire Avon and Herefordshire Wye[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,304(1-4):51-74.
[23]易文利,王圣瑞,杨苏文,等.外加碳源及沉水植物对沉积物各形态磷的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(6-7):1092-1096.Yi W L,Wang S R,Yang S W,et al.Influences of submerged vegetation Myriophyllum spicatum and carbon source addition on the forms of phosphorus in sediments[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(6-7):1092-1096.
[24]刘佳,雷丹,李琼,等.黄柏河流域梯级水库沉积物磷形态特征及磷释放通量分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1608-1615.Liu J,Lei D,Li Q,et al.Characteristics of phosphorus fractions and phosphate diffusion fluxes of sediments in cascade reservoirs of the Huangbai River[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1608-1615.
[25]Meng J,Yao Q Z,Yu Z G.Particulate phosphorus speciation and phosphate adsorption characteristics associated with sediment grain size[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,70:140-145.
[26]Bastami K D,Neyestani M R,Raeisi H,et al.Bioavailability and geochemical speciation of phosphorus in surface sediments of the Southern Caspian Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2018,126:51-57.