印染污泥脱水车间大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征及源解析
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摘要
目的分析印染污泥脱水车间大气颗粒物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5))中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征及可能来源,为车间工作人员身体健康及污染治理提供依据。方法于2017年8月(夏季)和11月(冬季)分别采集广州市某印染污泥脱水车间和一般办公车间(背景点)的室内PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)样品,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测样品中16种PAHs质量浓度,并用特征比值法进行污染源判定。结果印染污泥脱水车间的PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)中总PAHs浓度范围为25.03～150.76 ng/m~3,且总PAHs浓度为秋季高于夏季。污泥脱水车间主要以2～3环为主,占总PAHs质量浓度的30%～41%。特征比值法显示,机动车尾气及燃煤排放为其主要污染源。以大气中苯并[a]芘为标准参考物,污泥脱水车间夏秋季PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)中日平均总PAHs毒性当量浓度为2.2～13.7 ng/m~3。结论污泥脱水车间大气颗粒物中存在PAHs污染,应加强检测并采取相应防护措施。
Objective To know the pollution characteristics and sources of PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter(PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)) of a printing and dyeing sludge dewatering plant and to provide the basis for developing the prevention and control measures. Methods Atmospheric particulate matter were collected in printing and dyeing sludge dewatering plant and general office of Guangzhou in August(summer) and November(autumn) 2017,then the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GCMS) were used to determine the concentrations of PAHs in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) samples and ratio method was used to identify source of PAHs. Results The total concentrations of the PAHs in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were 25.03-150.76 ng/m~3,which were higher in autumn compared with summer. The proportions of the PAHs with 2-3 rings,dominant in dewatering plant were 30%-41%.The PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter were mainly from vehicle exhaust and coal combustion. The daily mean values of total toxicity equivalent concentration were 2.2-13.7 ng/m~3. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of PAHs in atmospheric particulates matter in the sludge dewatering workshop and take corresponding preventive measures.
Objective To know the pollution characteristics and sources of PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter(PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)) of a printing and dyeing sludge dewatering plant and to provide the basis for developing the prevention and control measures. Methods Atmospheric particulate matter were collected in printing and dyeing sludge dewatering plant and general office of Guangzhou in August(summer) and November(autumn) 2017,then the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GCMS) were used to determine the concentrations of PAHs in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) samples and ratio method was used to identify source of PAHs. Results The total concentrations of the PAHs in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) were 25.03-150.76 ng/m~3,which were higher in autumn compared with summer. The proportions of the PAHs with 2-3 rings,dominant in dewatering plant were 30%-41%.The PAHs in atmospheric particulate matter were mainly from vehicle exhaust and coal combustion. The daily mean values of total toxicity equivalent concentration were 2.2-13.7 ng/m~3. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of PAHs in atmospheric particulates matter in the sludge dewatering workshop and take corresponding preventive measures.
引文
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[16]李英红,饶志国,谭吉华,等.兰州大气细颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2428-2435.
[2] Xia Y,Han Y,Zhu P,et al. Relation between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and human semen quality[J].Environ Sci Technol,2009,43:4567-4573.
[3] Pagetbailly S,Cyr D,Luce D. Occupational exposures to asbestos,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and solvents,and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx:a quantitative literature review[J]. Int Arch Occup Environ Health,2012,85:341-351.
[4] Ning XA,Lin MQ,Shen LZ,et al. Levels,composition profiles and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in sludge from ten textile dyeing plants[J]. Environ Res,2014,132:112.
[5] Wei S,Huang B,Liu M,et al. Characterization of PM2.5-bound nitrated and oxygenated PAHs in two industrial sites of south China[J]. Atmos Res,2012,109:76-83.
[6]金银龙,李永红,常君瑞,等.我国五城市大气多环芳烃污染水平及健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28(9):758-761.
[7]梁秀梅,邹云锋,王钰钰,等.广州市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的季节变化特征及健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(3):220-224.
[8] Kong S,Ding X,Bai Z,et al. A seasonal study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5and PM2.5-10in five typical cities of Liaoning province,China[J]. J Hazard Mat,2010,183:70-80.
[9] Ravindra K,Grieken SRV. Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:source attribution,emission factors and regulation[J].Atmos Environ,2008,42:2895-2921.
[10] Bourotte C,Forti MS,Bicego M,et al. A wintertime study of PAHs in fine and coarse aerosols in Sao Paulo city,Brazil[J]. Atmos Environ,2005,39:3799-3811.
[11] Liu J,Li J,Lin T,et al. Diurnal and nocturnal variations of PAHs in the Lhasa atmosphere,Tibetan Plateau:implication for local sources and the impact of atmospheric degradation processing[J]. Atmos Res,2013,124:34-43.
[12] Gu ZP,Feng JL,Han WL,et al. Diurnal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with PM2.5in Shanghai,China[J].Acta Sci Circum,2010,22:389.
[13] Kong S,Lu B,Ji Y,et al. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in size-differentiated resuspended dust on building surfaces in an oilfield city,China[J]. Atmos Environ,2012,55:7-16.
[14]段小丽.多环芳烃污染的人体暴露和健康风险评价方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011:8-17.
[15]陶志华,谢松青,何微娜,等.台州市大气PM2.5中PAHs的污染特征与毒性评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(7):152-156.
[16]李英红,饶志国,谭吉华,等.兰州大气细颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2428-2435.