高原驻训人员返回平原脱适应效果研究
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摘要
目的研究高原驻训人员与高原驻训返回平原后的脱适应效果。方法对海拔4300 m高原驻训120 d后阶梯下降返回平原的100名士兵,在返回3、10、20 d进行主观问卷调查,并对脱适应效果进行评估。结果返回平原10 d较3 d时,疲劳、头昏、精力不集中、失眠、胸闷、眩晕等6个症状加重,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);20 d时,症状缓解并具有统计学意义(P<0.05),头昏、纳差、便秘且手足麻木和腹泻,组间改变不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高原特殊环境对短期驻训官兵身心造成的双重影响,在采取阶梯式下降返回驻地的同时要求快速脱习服,为此应制定早期群体综合干预、科学组织脱习服期间的训练,并对症状较重的官兵进行针对性治疗。
Objective To explore the effect of deacclimatization on troops who have returned to the plains after training on the plateau. Methods Subjective questionnaires regarding the effect of deacclimatization were distributed among 100 soldiers three,ten and twenty days after they returned to the plains step by step from a training mission of 120 days on the plateau 4300 meters above sea level. Results Ten days after their return to the plains,six symptoms,including fatigue,dizziness,distraction,insomnia,chest tightness and vertigo,deteriorated compared with three days after their return. The difference was statistically significant( P < 0. 05).Twenty days after their return,these symptoms were alleviated and the difference was of statistical significance( P < 0. 05). The change in the severity of dizziness,poor appetite,constipation,extremities numbness and diarrhea was not statistically significant( P >0. 05). Conclusions The special environment on the plateau has an impact on the physical and mental state of troops engaged in short-term training. During their step-to-step return to the plains,quick decclimatization is necessary. To this end,early mass comprehensive interventions should be undertaken,the training during decclimatization organized in a proper way,and troops with severe symptoms subjected to targeted treatment.
Objective To explore the effect of deacclimatization on troops who have returned to the plains after training on the plateau. Methods Subjective questionnaires regarding the effect of deacclimatization were distributed among 100 soldiers three,ten and twenty days after they returned to the plains step by step from a training mission of 120 days on the plateau 4300 meters above sea level. Results Ten days after their return to the plains,six symptoms,including fatigue,dizziness,distraction,insomnia,chest tightness and vertigo,deteriorated compared with three days after their return. The difference was statistically significant( P < 0. 05).Twenty days after their return,these symptoms were alleviated and the difference was of statistical significance( P < 0. 05). The change in the severity of dizziness,poor appetite,constipation,extremities numbness and diarrhea was not statistically significant( P >0. 05). Conclusions The special environment on the plateau has an impact on the physical and mental state of troops engaged in short-term training. During their step-to-step return to the plains,quick decclimatization is necessary. To this end,early mass comprehensive interventions should be undertaken,the training during decclimatization organized in a proper way,and troops with severe symptoms subjected to targeted treatment.
引文
[1]高钰琪.高原军事医学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2005:237-238.
[2]张彦博,汪源,刘学良,等.人与高原—青海高原医学研究[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1996:297-319.
[3]周其全,杨生岳,袁振才,等.高原移居人群返回平原后高原脱适应证的诊断标准:多中心随机对照研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2012,37(2):146-153.
[4]杨炯,樊毫军,侯世科.玉树高原地区救援面临的风险与时策[J].武警医学,2010,21(9):823.
[5]石自福,周其全,向路,等.3种中药复方制剂治疗高原脱适应症的随机安慰剂对照试验[J].中西医结合学报,2011,9(4):305.
[6]何娃,田万平.遂行多样化军事任务心理训练研究述评[J].军队药工理论研究,2015,16(1):91-94.
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[8]刘蕾,俆莉,岳增文,等.高原特勤疗养人员脱习服效果评价研究[J].中国疗养医学,2015,4(24):337-338.
[9]高钰琪.高原军事医学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2005:237-238.
[10]王引虎,周其全,牛文忠,等.高原脱习服症预防研究[J].西南国防医药,2013,12(23):1347-1350.
[11]崔建华,张西洲,李彬,等.高原脱适应的药物防治措施[J].高原医学杂志,2009,19(3):9-13.
[12]张东祥,聂鸿靖,张延坤,等.新复方党参片防治高原脱习服的临床疗效[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2009,14(6):681-685.
[13]崔文玉,聂鸿靖,张东祥,等.ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂埃他可林对高原脱习服的影响[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2010,15(2):190-193.
[14]阳盛洪,王引虎,王福领,等.高压氧治疗对高海拔地区脱习服官兵脑体工效影响的观察[J].人民军医,2013,56(10):1137-1138.
[15]滕进忠,梁艳,邵人杰.高压氧抗疲劳作用机制及研究进展[J].人民军医,2010,53(11):879-880.
[16]胡柏平,王晓梅.高压氧与运动疲劳的恢复[J].军事体育进修学院学报,2006,25(1):104-106.
[17]张西洲,陈占诗,何富文,等.移居高原者返回平原初期高压防医学杂志,1998,16(6):459-460.
[2]张彦博,汪源,刘学良,等.人与高原—青海高原医学研究[M].西宁:青海人民出版社,1996:297-319.
[3]周其全,杨生岳,袁振才,等.高原移居人群返回平原后高原脱适应证的诊断标准:多中心随机对照研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2012,37(2):146-153.
[4]杨炯,樊毫军,侯世科.玉树高原地区救援面临的风险与时策[J].武警医学,2010,21(9):823.
[5]石自福,周其全,向路,等.3种中药复方制剂治疗高原脱适应症的随机安慰剂对照试验[J].中西医结合学报,2011,9(4):305.
[6]何娃,田万平.遂行多样化军事任务心理训练研究述评[J].军队药工理论研究,2015,16(1):91-94.
[7]范勇,周其全.高原脱适应研究进展[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2012,30(6):227-230.
[8]刘蕾,俆莉,岳增文,等.高原特勤疗养人员脱习服效果评价研究[J].中国疗养医学,2015,4(24):337-338.
[9]高钰琪.高原军事医学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2005:237-238.
[10]王引虎,周其全,牛文忠,等.高原脱习服症预防研究[J].西南国防医药,2013,12(23):1347-1350.
[11]崔建华,张西洲,李彬,等.高原脱适应的药物防治措施[J].高原医学杂志,2009,19(3):9-13.
[12]张东祥,聂鸿靖,张延坤,等.新复方党参片防治高原脱习服的临床疗效[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2009,14(6):681-685.
[13]崔文玉,聂鸿靖,张东祥,等.ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂埃他可林对高原脱习服的影响[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2010,15(2):190-193.
[14]阳盛洪,王引虎,王福领,等.高压氧治疗对高海拔地区脱习服官兵脑体工效影响的观察[J].人民军医,2013,56(10):1137-1138.
[15]滕进忠,梁艳,邵人杰.高压氧抗疲劳作用机制及研究进展[J].人民军医,2010,53(11):879-880.
[16]胡柏平,王晓梅.高压氧与运动疲劳的恢复[J].军事体育进修学院学报,2006,25(1):104-106.
[17]张西洲,陈占诗,何富文,等.移居高原者返回平原初期高压防医学杂志,1998,16(6):459-460.