生物活性剂淋洗对河道底泥重金属毒性和生态风险影响评价
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摘要
以河道底泥为研究对象,采用Tessier五步连续提取法比较了淋洗前后底泥中重金属的形态分布变化,并采用生物活性评价法,浸出毒性法,地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法比较及评价了生物活性剂槐糖脂淋洗前后底泥重金属的生物活性、浸出毒性和生态风险系数的变化。研究同时还采用三维荧光对底泥中溶解性有机质进行了分析。结果表明:淋洗后底泥重金属形态分布发生变化,重金属的迁移能力降低,生物活性和危害性降低,浸出毒性减小,单一和综合潜在生态风险降低,说明淋洗是一种有效的降低底泥重金属环境危害的方法。经淋洗后的底泥中重金属稳定性提高,对生态风险小,可以进一步进行资源化利用。
Tessier sequential extraction procedure was employed to analyze the heavy metal speciation of river sediment. Comparisons were made of the biological availability method,leaching characteristics method,geo-accumulation index method,and potential ecological risk method of heavy metals before and after washing by bio-surfactant sophorolipid. Dissolved organic matter in sediment was also evaluated by a three dimensional fluorescence analysis. Results showed that washing by bio-surfactant greatly changed the speciation of heavy metals in the sediment. Heavy metals became less migratory thus resulting in decreased bioavailability and decreased hazard. Washing also led to less leaching and lower potential individual or comprehensive risk to eco-environment. Our results revealed that washing by sophorolipid was effective in reducing the hazardous effect of heavy metal to environment. After washing,heavy metals were more stable and presented lower risk thus washed sediment could be considered for reuse.
Tessier sequential extraction procedure was employed to analyze the heavy metal speciation of river sediment. Comparisons were made of the biological availability method,leaching characteristics method,geo-accumulation index method,and potential ecological risk method of heavy metals before and after washing by bio-surfactant sophorolipid. Dissolved organic matter in sediment was also evaluated by a three dimensional fluorescence analysis. Results showed that washing by bio-surfactant greatly changed the speciation of heavy metals in the sediment. Heavy metals became less migratory thus resulting in decreased bioavailability and decreased hazard. Washing also led to less leaching and lower potential individual or comprehensive risk to eco-environment. Our results revealed that washing by sophorolipid was effective in reducing the hazardous effect of heavy metal to environment. After washing,heavy metals were more stable and presented lower risk thus washed sediment could be considered for reuse.
引文
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[24] SUPRAPTI NH,BAMBANG AN,SWASTAWATI F,et al. Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated green mussel[Perna Viridis,(Linneaus,1758)] using acetic acid as chelating agents[J]. Aquatic Procedia,2016,7(8):154-159.
[23]HU Yuanan,LIU Xueping,BAI Jinmei,et al. Assessing heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and urbanization[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(9):6150-6159.
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[25]夏伟霞,谭长银,万大娟,等.土壤溶解性有机质对重金属环境行为影响的研究进展[J].中国资源综合利用,2014,32(1):50-54.
[26] CHEN W,WESTERHOFF P,LEENHEER J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[2]GIRI S,SINGH A K. Risk assessment,statistical source identification and seasonal fluctuation of dissolved metals in the Subarnarekha River,India[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,265(2):305-314.
[3]MULLIGAN C N,YONG R N,GIBBS B F. Heavy metal removal from sediments by biosurfactants[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2001,85(1-2):111-125.
[4]SONG Saisai,ZHU Lizhong,ZHOU wenjun. Simultaneous removal of phenanthrene and cadmium from contaminated soils by saponin,a plant-derived biosurfactant[J]. Environmental Pollution,2008,156(3):1368-1370.
[5]SINGH RP,AGRAWAL M. Potential benefits and risks of land application of sewage sludge[J]. Waste Management,2008,28(2):347-358.
[6] FGAIER FE,LAFHAJ Z,CHAPISEAU C. Use of clay bricks incorporating treated river sediments in a demonstrative building:Case study[J]. Construction&Building Materials,2013,48(11):160-165.
[7]FAN Xiaodan,ZHANG Xiangkai. Adsorption properties of activated carbon from sewage sludge to alkaline-black[J]. Materials Letters,2008,62(10-11):1704-1706.
[8] TRKDOˇGAN MK,KILICEL F,KARA K,et al. Heavy metals in soil,vegetables and fruits in the endemic upper gastrointestinal cancer region of Turkey[J]. Environmental Toxicology&Pharmacology,2003,13(3):175-179.
[9]OKORO K H,IGE J O,IYIOLA O A,et al. Fractionation Profile,Mobility patterns and correlations of heavy metals in estuary sediments from Olonkoro River,in Tede catchment of western region,Nigeria[J]. Environmental Nanotechnology Monitoring&Management,2017,8(11):53-62.
[10]PINTO P X,AL-ABED S R. Assessing metal mobilization from industrially lead-contaminated soils located at an urban site[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2017,83(8):31-40.
[11]BENSON N U,UDOSEN E D,ESSIEN J P,et al. Geochemical fractionation and ecological risks assessment of benthic sediment-bound heavy metals from coastal ecosystems off the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research,2017,32(3):410-420.
[12]YANG Yan,JIN Qiang,FANG Jimin,et al. Spatial distribution, ecological risk assessment, and potential sources of heavy metal(loid)s in surface sediments from the Huai River within the Bengbu section,China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(12):11360-11370.
[13]KHAN F,KHAN M J,SAMAD A,et al. In-situ stabilization of heavy metals in agriculture soils irrigated with untreated wastewater[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2015,159(11):1-7.
[14] CHEN Weifang,ZHANG Jinghui,ZHANG Xiaomao,et al. Investigation of heavy metal(Cu,Pb,Cd,and Cr)stabilization in river sediment by nano-zero-valent iron/activated carbon composite[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(2):1460-1470.
[15]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSON M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J]. Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[16]ZHOU Xiaoyu,GUO Jie,LIN Kuangfei,et al. Leaching characteristics of heavy metals and brominated flame retardants from waste printed circuit boards[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,246-247(4):96-102.
[17]TOWNSEND T,DUBEY B,TOLAYMAT T. Interpretation of synthetic precipitation leaching procedure(SPLP)results for assessing Risk to groundwater from land-applied granular waste[J]. Environmental Engineering Science,2006,23(1):239-251.
[18]高跃,韩晓凯,李艳辉,等.腐殖酸对土壤铅赋存形态的影响[J].生态环境学报,2008,17(3):1053-1057.
[19]CHEN Wenjang,HSIAO L C,CHEN K Y. Metal desorption from copper(II)/nickel(II)-spiked kaolin as a soil component using plant-derived saponin biosurfactant[J]. Process Biochemistry,2008,43(5):488-498.
[20]侯千,马建华,王晓云,等.开封市幼儿园土壤重金属生物活性及潜在生态风险[J].环境科学,2011,32(6):1764-1771.
[21]胡绵好,袁菊红,黄和平.南昌市城市污泥重金属形态分布及其生物活性研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(5):63-67.
[22]王伟亚,陈维芳,张敬会,等.河道底泥中重金属的EDTA淋洗研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(1):123-127.
[23]LIN Hai,LI Ganyu,DONG Yingbo,et al. Effect of p H on the release of heavy metals from stone coal waste rocks[J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing,2017,165(8):1-7.
[24] SUPRAPTI NH,BAMBANG AN,SWASTAWATI F,et al. Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated green mussel[Perna Viridis,(Linneaus,1758)] using acetic acid as chelating agents[J]. Aquatic Procedia,2016,7(8):154-159.
[23]HU Yuanan,LIU Xueping,BAI Jinmei,et al. Assessing heavy metal pollution in the surface soils of a region that had undergone three decades of intense industrialization and urbanization[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(9):6150-6159.
[24]项凌云,陈长春,刘材材,等.上海黄浦江沉积物中的重金属污染趋势[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):64-67.
[25]夏伟霞,谭长银,万大娟,等.土壤溶解性有机质对重金属环境行为影响的研究进展[J].中国资源综合利用,2014,32(1):50-54.
[26] CHEN W,WESTERHOFF P,LEENHEER J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.