国防科技工业转型升级的内涵、障碍及对策
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摘要
新时代国防科技工业转型升级就是把原来适应机械化战争的工业体系转变为适应信息化战争的工业体系,同时满足国家经济社会发展的时代要求,实现结构组织效率质量效益的全面转型升级。受制于资源禀赋要素水平不高、利益格局调整阻力大、计划经济思维根深蒂固、政策制度变迁难等因素影响,新时代国防科技工业转型升级难度较大。需要在共同发挥政府和市场机制作用,放开军品市场,调整军工企业组织结构,改革军品定价和装备采购机制,加大要素投入等方面进行深化改革。
In the new era, the transformation and upgrading of the national defense science and technology industry is to transform the industrial system that was originally adapted to mechanized warfare into an industrial system that adapts to informationized warfare. At the same time, it meets the requirements of the era of national economic and social development, and realizes the comprehensive transformation and upgrading of structural organization efficiency and quality benefits. Subject to the factors such as low level of resource endowment, large resistance to interest pattern adjustment, deep-rooted planning economic thinking, and difficult policy and institutional changes, the transformation and upgrading of national defense science and technology industry in the new era is difficult. It is necessary to jointly play the role of the government and the market mechanism, liberalize the military market, adjust the organizational structure of military enterprises, reform the military product pricing and equipment procurement mechanism, and increase the factor input to deepen reform.
In the new era, the transformation and upgrading of the national defense science and technology industry is to transform the industrial system that was originally adapted to mechanized warfare into an industrial system that adapts to informationized warfare. At the same time, it meets the requirements of the era of national economic and social development, and realizes the comprehensive transformation and upgrading of structural organization efficiency and quality benefits. Subject to the factors such as low level of resource endowment, large resistance to interest pattern adjustment, deep-rooted planning economic thinking, and difficult policy and institutional changes, the transformation and upgrading of national defense science and technology industry in the new era is difficult. It is necessary to jointly play the role of the government and the market mechanism, liberalize the military market, adjust the organizational structure of military enterprises, reform the military product pricing and equipment procurement mechanism, and increase the factor input to deepen reform.
引文
[1]攻破军工总装低利润的三大利器:军品定价机制改革、装备采购机制改革、混改[EB/OL](2018-05-07).http://dy.163.com/v2/article/detail/DH76CSMN0514HGHU.html.
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(1)“军工三证”是指武器装备科研生产单位保密资质认证、装备承制单位资格认证、武器装备科研生产许可证,三证分属于国家保密局、国家国防工业局和中央军委装备发展部等部门负责发放,是进入军工市场的“通行证”,申请时间较长。
[2]张建华.推进国防工业军民融合产业发展[N].学习时报,2017-03-01.
[3]付才辉.新结构经济学理论及其在转型升级中的应用[J].学习与探索,2017,(5):13-25.
[4]杨少鲜,李宏伟.军民融合“跟风炒作”苗头值得重视[N].赛迪智库专报,2017,(3):1-10.
[5]张占斌.中国优先发展重工业战略的政治经济学解析[J].中共党史研究,2007,(4):13-24.
[6]林毅夫,李志.政策性负担、道德风险与预算软约束[J].经济研究,2004,(2):17-27.
[7]安同良,周绍东,皮建才.R&D补贴对中国企业自主创新的激励效应[J].经济研究,2009,(10):87-89.
[8]编写组.党的十八届三中全会《决定》学习辅导百问[M].北京:党建读物出版社和学习出版社,2013:5.
[9]张远军.我国国防工业科技资源配置及优化研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学,2015.
[10]李彩华.三线建设调整改造的历史考察[J].当代中国史研究,2002,(2):43-51.
[11]许嵩,胡冬梅,张旭光.军工集团军民融合深度发展若干重大问题研究[N].北方防务智库,2017-04-10.
[12]于泽,章潇萌,刘凤良.中国产业结构升级内生动力:需求还是供给[J].经济理论与经济管理,2014,(3):25-35.
(1)“军工三证”是指武器装备科研生产单位保密资质认证、装备承制单位资格认证、武器装备科研生产许可证,三证分属于国家保密局、国家国防工业局和中央军委装备发展部等部门负责发放,是进入军工市场的“通行证”,申请时间较长。