2017年上海市居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的分析上海市居民健康素养水平及其影响因素,为针对性地开展健康素养干预提供参考依据。方法上海市15～69岁城乡常住人口为调查对象,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法进行抽样,全市共计获得有效问卷27 527份。以第六次全国人口普查上海人口资料构成作为标准人口,按照性别、年龄、文化程度等3个因素进行率的标准化。单因素分析采用χ~2检验,多因素分析采用Logistic回归方法。结果 2017年上海市居民总体健康素养水平为25.36%,其中健康生活方式与行为素养(21. 16%)、慢性病防治素养(24.18%)、传染病防治素养(26.07%)和基本医疗素养(27.98%)相对偏低。各类人群细化分析时,各类健康素养的顺位与人群总体一致。多因素分析显示,高中及以上文化程度、医务人员、家庭年收入≥3万元是健康素养的保护因素。来自农村,年龄≥55岁,农民是健康素养的危险因素。结论健康生活方式与行为、慢性病防治、传染病防治和基本医疗素养是上海市民的薄弱方面。来自农村、年龄≥55岁、初中及以下文化程度、农民以及家庭年收入<3万元的居民是健康素养的薄弱人群。
Objective To analyze the health literacy level of Shanghai residents and its influencing factors, and to provide references for targeted health literacy intervention. Methods Urban and rural residents aged 15-69 year old were selected, and a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used. A total of 27 527 valid questionnaires were collected. The population data of Shanghai in national census in 2010 were used as standard population, and the standardization was based on gender, age and education level.χ~2 test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression were used for multiple factors analysis. Results In 2017, the overall health literacy level of Shanghai residents was 25. 36%. Among them,healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy(21. 16%), chronic disease prevention literacy(24.18%), infectious disease prevention literacy(26. 07%) and basic medical literacy(27. 98%) were relatively low. When the various groups of people were refined and analyzed, the ranks of different health literacy were consistent with the population. Multi-factor analysis showed that high school education and above, the medical staff, and the annual income of the family≥30 000 RMB were protective factors for health literacy. Rural residency, aged ≥ 55 years old, farmers were risk factors for health literacy. Conclusion Healthy lifestyles and behaviors literacy, chronic disease prevention literacy, infectious disease prevention literacy and basic medical care literacy were weak aspects of health literacy among residents in Shanghai. Residents from rural areas, aged ≥55 years old, junior high school and below, farmers and households with an annual income of <30 000 RMB were weak in healthy literacy.
Objective To analyze the health literacy level of Shanghai residents and its influencing factors, and to provide references for targeted health literacy intervention. Methods Urban and rural residents aged 15-69 year old were selected, and a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used. A total of 27 527 valid questionnaires were collected. The population data of Shanghai in national census in 2010 were used as standard population, and the standardization was based on gender, age and education level.χ~2 test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression were used for multiple factors analysis. Results In 2017, the overall health literacy level of Shanghai residents was 25. 36%. Among them,healthy lifestyle and behavioral literacy(21. 16%), chronic disease prevention literacy(24.18%), infectious disease prevention literacy(26. 07%) and basic medical literacy(27. 98%) were relatively low. When the various groups of people were refined and analyzed, the ranks of different health literacy were consistent with the population. Multi-factor analysis showed that high school education and above, the medical staff, and the annual income of the family≥30 000 RMB were protective factors for health literacy. Rural residency, aged ≥ 55 years old, farmers were risk factors for health literacy. Conclusion Healthy lifestyles and behaviors literacy, chronic disease prevention literacy, infectious disease prevention literacy and basic medical care literacy were weak aspects of health literacy among residents in Shanghai. Residents from rural areas, aged ≥55 years old, junior high school and below, farmers and households with an annual income of <30 000 RMB were weak in healthy literacy.
引文
[1]中共中央,国务院.中共中央国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[EB/OL].(2016-10-25)[2018-05-26]. http://www. gov. cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174. htm.
[2]上海市人民政府.“健康上海2030”规划纲要[EB/OL].(2018-04-02)[2018-05-26]. http://www. shanghai. gov. cn/nw2/nw2314/nw2319/nwl2344/u26aw55477. html.
[3]国家卫生计生委.2016年我国居民健康素养监测结果发布[EB/OL].(2017-11-24)[2018-05-26]. http://www. nhfpc. gov.cn/zhuz/xwfb/201711/308468ad910a42e4bbe9583b48dd733a. shtml.
[4]秦美婷.健康传播对提升国民健康素养的理论运用与实证分析:以新加坡为例[J].现代传播,2011(12):51-56.
[5]王啸飞.上海健康传播的对策研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2013.
[6] Greenberg D. A critical look at health literacy[J]. Adult Basic Education,2001,11(2):67-79.
[7] World Health Organization. Health literacy and the SDGs[EB/0L].[2018-05-26]. http://www. who. int/healthpromotion/conferences/9gchp/health-literacy-sdgs/en/.
[8]石建辉,刘秀荣,黄丽巧.北京市2012年城乡常住居民健康素养水平分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(3):394-397.
[9]陈建伟,罗敏红,许信红,等.2014年广州市居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016, 32(7):647-652.
[10]姚宏文,石琦,李英华.我国城乡居民健康素养现状及对策[J].人口研究,2016,40(2):88-97.
[2]上海市人民政府.“健康上海2030”规划纲要[EB/OL].(2018-04-02)[2018-05-26]. http://www. shanghai. gov. cn/nw2/nw2314/nw2319/nwl2344/u26aw55477. html.
[3]国家卫生计生委.2016年我国居民健康素养监测结果发布[EB/OL].(2017-11-24)[2018-05-26]. http://www. nhfpc. gov.cn/zhuz/xwfb/201711/308468ad910a42e4bbe9583b48dd733a. shtml.
[4]秦美婷.健康传播对提升国民健康素养的理论运用与实证分析:以新加坡为例[J].现代传播,2011(12):51-56.
[5]王啸飞.上海健康传播的对策研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2013.
[6] Greenberg D. A critical look at health literacy[J]. Adult Basic Education,2001,11(2):67-79.
[7] World Health Organization. Health literacy and the SDGs[EB/0L].[2018-05-26]. http://www. who. int/healthpromotion/conferences/9gchp/health-literacy-sdgs/en/.
[8]石建辉,刘秀荣,黄丽巧.北京市2012年城乡常住居民健康素养水平分析[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(3):394-397.
[9]陈建伟,罗敏红,许信红,等.2014年广州市居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2016, 32(7):647-652.
[10]姚宏文,石琦,李英华.我国城乡居民健康素养现状及对策[J].人口研究,2016,40(2):88-97.