试论中国口译理论话语体系的建构
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摘要
较长时间以来,针对口译理论建构问题,中国口译学界存在几种较为普遍的观点或心态:口译学科"无"理论;中国口译研究欠缺传统理论话语资源;世界范围内口译研究的"欧洲/西方中心主义"即便是一个事实,却未必是一个问题。鉴于此,笔者首先从理论的定义、呈现方式和性质出发,论证国内外提出的各种口译理论样态并不少见。其次,从张佩瑶对"翻译话语"的论述出发,提出中国存在有待发掘与整理的较为丰富的传统口译话语资源。第三,从中国口译实践、教育和研究的现状出发,探讨中国口译学者如何通过"内视与外眺"、"后顾与前瞻"等方式,对口译研究中的"西方中心主义"进行反拨,为口译理论话语体系建构做出贡献。
Among those working in China's field of interpreting studies, it has long been assumed that: 1) few theories of interpreting are actually available; 2) no indigenous discourses on interpreting exist in China; 3) Eurocentrism/Western-centrism in interpreting studies is more an established fact than a problem to be dealt with. The author of this paper argues, however, that interpreting research has already generated no small amount of theories that are in full conformity to the way the concept is defined and understood; that based on What Martha Cheung termed the "discourses on translation," China abounds in traditional discourses on interpreting; and that to unearth and make use of all these conceptual resources and to counter the prevalent Eurocentric tendency, Chinese scholars should simultaneously look inward, outward, backward and forward in their efforts to construct a Chinese theory on interpreting.
Among those working in China's field of interpreting studies, it has long been assumed that: 1) few theories of interpreting are actually available; 2) no indigenous discourses on interpreting exist in China; 3) Eurocentrism/Western-centrism in interpreting studies is more an established fact than a problem to be dealt with. The author of this paper argues, however, that interpreting research has already generated no small amount of theories that are in full conformity to the way the concept is defined and understood; that based on What Martha Cheung termed the "discourses on translation," China abounds in traditional discourses on interpreting; and that to unearth and make use of all these conceptual resources and to counter the prevalent Eurocentric tendency, Chinese scholars should simultaneously look inward, outward, backward and forward in their efforts to construct a Chinese theory on interpreting.
引文
[1]何刚强.自家有富矿,无须效贫儿-中国的翻译理论应当独树一帜之理据[J].上海翻译,2015(4):1-8.
[2]蓝红军.“后理论时代”翻译学的知识生产[J].中国外语,2016(5):20-27.
[3]黎难秋.中国口译史[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2002.
[4]林郁如等.新编英语口译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999.
[5]刘建珠、穆雷.中国翻译理论话语体系的构建及其划界[J].上海翻译,2017(2):1-5.
[6]王斌华.从口译能力到译员能力:专业口译教学理念的拓展[J].外语与外语教学,2012(6):75-78.
[7]王斌华、仲伟合.翻译本科新专业的口译教学理念探索[J].广东外语外贸大学学报,2010(4):78-82.
[8]孙正聿.关于理论及其体系建设的思考[J].社会科学战线,1995(5):10-13.
[9]王巍巍、许艺、穆雷.中国英语能力等级量表中的口译能力[J].现代外语,2018(1):111-121.
[10]阎光才.关于教育中的实证与经验研究[J].中国高教研究,2016(1):74-76,82.
[11]张佩瑶.对中国译学理论建设的几点思考[J].中国翻译,2004(5):3-9.
[12]Angelelli,Claudia.Revisiting the Interpreter’s Role:AStudy of Conference,Court,and Medical Interpreters in Canada,Mexico,and the United States[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2004.
[13]Cheung,Martha P.Y.Introduction[A].In Martha P.Y.Cheung(ed.).Chinese Discourses on Translation:Positions and Perspectives(Special issue of The Translator)[C].Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing,2009:223-238.
[14]Cronin,Michael.The empire talks back:orality,heteronomy and the cultural turn in interpreting studies[A].In Franz P?chhacker&Miriam Shlesinger(eds.).The Interpreting Studies Reader[C].London:Routledge,2002:386-397.
[15]Gile,Daniel.Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training(Revised edition)[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2009.
[16]Lung,Rachel.Interpreters in Early Imperial China[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2011.
[17]Moser-Mercer,Barbara.Simultaneous Interpretation:AHypothetical Model and Its Practical Application[A].In D.Gerver&H.W.Sinaiko(eds.).Language Communication and Interpretation[C].New York/London:Plenum Press,1978:353-368.
[18]P?chhacker,Franz.Working with in a the oretical framework[A].In Daniel Gile et al.(eds.).Getting Started in Interpreting Research[C].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2001:199-219.
[19]---.Introducing Interpreting Studies[M].2nd edition.London and New York:Routledge,2016.
[20]P?chhacker,F.&Zwischenberger,C.Survey on quality and role:conference interpreters’expectations and selfperceptions[EB/OL].[2018-02-20]https://aiic.net/page/3405/survey-on-quality-and-role-conferenceinterpreters-expectations-and-self-perceptions/lang/1.
[21]Seleskovitch,D.&Lederer,M.Interpreter pour traduire[M].Pairs:Didier Erudition,1984.
[22]Tseng,Joseph.Interpreting as an Emerging Profession in Taiwan-A Sociological Model[D].Unpublished MAthesis,Fu Jen Catholic University,1992.
[23]Wadensj?,Cecilia.Interpreting as Interaction[M].London and New York:Longman,1998.
[24]Webster’s.Third New International Dictionary of the English Language,Unabridged[C].Springfield MA:Merriam-Webster,1986.
(1)这6篇口译文章分别是:玉明“略谈口译工作”(《翻译通报》,Vol.2,1951/6),汤一雯、陈定民“谈口译工作”(《翻译通报》,Vol.3,1951/4),吟如“我对口译的意见”(《翻译通报》,1952/3),姜椿芳“略谈口译问题”(1953/1984)(中国翻译工作者协会《翻译通讯》编辑部,《翻译研究论文集》),段生农“翻译是民族院校教学中的重要工作”(《人民教育》,1954/3),唐笙、周钰良“口译工作及口译工作者的培养”(《西方语文》,1958/3);两本教材分别是北京俄语学院1957年编印的油印本《口译课练习材料》和北京外国语学院编写的正式出版物《英语会话手册—供口译工作者使用》。
(2)本文通过主题线索查找相关史料的观点受到P?chhacker(2016:153)的启发,并在他的基础上进行了拓展。
(3)本文根据作者2017年12月1日在“‘一带一路’中的话语体系建设与语言服务发展论坛暨2017中国翻译协会年会”上的英文论坛“中国当代翻译理论的建构与发展”主题发言整理完善而成。
[2]蓝红军.“后理论时代”翻译学的知识生产[J].中国外语,2016(5):20-27.
[3]黎难秋.中国口译史[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2002.
[4]林郁如等.新编英语口译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999.
[5]刘建珠、穆雷.中国翻译理论话语体系的构建及其划界[J].上海翻译,2017(2):1-5.
[6]王斌华.从口译能力到译员能力:专业口译教学理念的拓展[J].外语与外语教学,2012(6):75-78.
[7]王斌华、仲伟合.翻译本科新专业的口译教学理念探索[J].广东外语外贸大学学报,2010(4):78-82.
[8]孙正聿.关于理论及其体系建设的思考[J].社会科学战线,1995(5):10-13.
[9]王巍巍、许艺、穆雷.中国英语能力等级量表中的口译能力[J].现代外语,2018(1):111-121.
[10]阎光才.关于教育中的实证与经验研究[J].中国高教研究,2016(1):74-76,82.
[11]张佩瑶.对中国译学理论建设的几点思考[J].中国翻译,2004(5):3-9.
[12]Angelelli,Claudia.Revisiting the Interpreter’s Role:AStudy of Conference,Court,and Medical Interpreters in Canada,Mexico,and the United States[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2004.
[13]Cheung,Martha P.Y.Introduction[A].In Martha P.Y.Cheung(ed.).Chinese Discourses on Translation:Positions and Perspectives(Special issue of The Translator)[C].Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing,2009:223-238.
[14]Cronin,Michael.The empire talks back:orality,heteronomy and the cultural turn in interpreting studies[A].In Franz P?chhacker&Miriam Shlesinger(eds.).The Interpreting Studies Reader[C].London:Routledge,2002:386-397.
[15]Gile,Daniel.Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training(Revised edition)[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2009.
[16]Lung,Rachel.Interpreters in Early Imperial China[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2011.
[17]Moser-Mercer,Barbara.Simultaneous Interpretation:AHypothetical Model and Its Practical Application[A].In D.Gerver&H.W.Sinaiko(eds.).Language Communication and Interpretation[C].New York/London:Plenum Press,1978:353-368.
[18]P?chhacker,Franz.Working with in a the oretical framework[A].In Daniel Gile et al.(eds.).Getting Started in Interpreting Research[C].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2001:199-219.
[19]---.Introducing Interpreting Studies[M].2nd edition.London and New York:Routledge,2016.
[20]P?chhacker,F.&Zwischenberger,C.Survey on quality and role:conference interpreters’expectations and selfperceptions[EB/OL].[2018-02-20]https://aiic.net/page/3405/survey-on-quality-and-role-conferenceinterpreters-expectations-and-self-perceptions/lang/1.
[21]Seleskovitch,D.&Lederer,M.Interpreter pour traduire[M].Pairs:Didier Erudition,1984.
[22]Tseng,Joseph.Interpreting as an Emerging Profession in Taiwan-A Sociological Model[D].Unpublished MAthesis,Fu Jen Catholic University,1992.
[23]Wadensj?,Cecilia.Interpreting as Interaction[M].London and New York:Longman,1998.
[24]Webster’s.Third New International Dictionary of the English Language,Unabridged[C].Springfield MA:Merriam-Webster,1986.
(1)这6篇口译文章分别是:玉明“略谈口译工作”(《翻译通报》,Vol.2,1951/6),汤一雯、陈定民“谈口译工作”(《翻译通报》,Vol.3,1951/4),吟如“我对口译的意见”(《翻译通报》,1952/3),姜椿芳“略谈口译问题”(1953/1984)(中国翻译工作者协会《翻译通讯》编辑部,《翻译研究论文集》),段生农“翻译是民族院校教学中的重要工作”(《人民教育》,1954/3),唐笙、周钰良“口译工作及口译工作者的培养”(《西方语文》,1958/3);两本教材分别是北京俄语学院1957年编印的油印本《口译课练习材料》和北京外国语学院编写的正式出版物《英语会话手册—供口译工作者使用》。
(2)本文通过主题线索查找相关史料的观点受到P?chhacker(2016:153)的启发,并在他的基础上进行了拓展。
(3)本文根据作者2017年12月1日在“‘一带一路’中的话语体系建设与语言服务发展论坛暨2017中国翻译协会年会”上的英文论坛“中国当代翻译理论的建构与发展”主题发言整理完善而成。