基于煤巷两帮基础刚度效应的控帮护巷支护原理
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摘要
煤层巷道两帮煤体相对顶底板岩层强度低、可变形性强,两帮煤体大变形对巷道围岩整体稳定性有着极其重要的影响。基于煤巷两帮煤体严重变形的工程实际,考虑巷道两帮煤岩体的可变形性,建立了由Winkler可变形基础支承的顶板悬梁力学模型,分析并揭示了顶板的弯矩和挠度分布特征及规律,提出了基于煤巷基础刚度效应的"控帮护巷"支护原理:通过加强两帮支护提高锚固煤体的基础刚度,控帮支护的直接控制两帮煤体的变形和破坏,并进一步通过基础刚度效应改善整个巷道围岩的应力状态,抑制顶底板变形破坏,提高围岩承载能力和稳定性。通过数值模拟分析与现场工程试验,对基础刚度效应和"控帮护巷"原理进行了分析和验证。研究表明:在两帮垂直集中应力作用下,巷帮煤体压缩变形明显,顶板岩层随基础变形而弯曲下沉,两帮基础刚度对顶板变形量影响显著,是顶板变形的关键影响因素;在顶板支护相同的条件下,加强两帮支护不仅使掘进和采动影响期间的两帮的塑性破坏范围和移近量显著缩小,还有效地控制了顶底板的变形破坏情况,是巷道围岩整体稳定性控制的有效途径。研究工作深化了煤巷围岩控制中对巷帮支护重要性的认识,揭示了控帮护巷的支护机理。
Comparing to the roof and floor,the two ribs of coal mine roadways are relatively weaker and have more deformability. The large deformation of the coal-mass in the ribs have significant effect on the roadway stability. Based on the practical case of severely deformed ribs and by considering its deformability,an analytical model of roof beam with Winkler foundation is built. Hereby the characteristics of bending moment and reflection have been studied. The foundation rigidity of coal mine roadway is revealed and the rib-control support principle is proposed. By employing reinforcement in the ribs,the foundation rigidity of the ribs will increase,and the deformation and failure of the ribs will directly controlled by the reinforcement. The stability of roof and floor is reinforced via the foundation rigidity effect.The foundation rigidity and the rib-control support principle of coal mine roadway are analyzed and validated by means of numerical simulation and field tests. The results show that under the effect of the vertical concentrated stress over ribs, the coal-mass is notably compressed and the roof strata bend and sag along with it. The foundation rigidity has great effect on roof deformation which makes it the key influencing factor. Under the conditions of identical roof support,the reinforcement in the ribs will not only reduce the convergence and failure extent of the ribs during roadway development and retreat mining,but also effective control the deformation and failure of the roof and the floor,which makes it an effective method to improve the roadway stability. This study has improved the understanding of the importance of rib support in roadway ground control, and revealed the support mechanism of rib-control.
Comparing to the roof and floor,the two ribs of coal mine roadways are relatively weaker and have more deformability. The large deformation of the coal-mass in the ribs have significant effect on the roadway stability. Based on the practical case of severely deformed ribs and by considering its deformability,an analytical model of roof beam with Winkler foundation is built. Hereby the characteristics of bending moment and reflection have been studied. The foundation rigidity of coal mine roadway is revealed and the rib-control support principle is proposed. By employing reinforcement in the ribs,the foundation rigidity of the ribs will increase,and the deformation and failure of the ribs will directly controlled by the reinforcement. The stability of roof and floor is reinforced via the foundation rigidity effect.The foundation rigidity and the rib-control support principle of coal mine roadway are analyzed and validated by means of numerical simulation and field tests. The results show that under the effect of the vertical concentrated stress over ribs, the coal-mass is notably compressed and the roof strata bend and sag along with it. The foundation rigidity has great effect on roof deformation which makes it the key influencing factor. Under the conditions of identical roof support,the reinforcement in the ribs will not only reduce the convergence and failure extent of the ribs during roadway development and retreat mining,but also effective control the deformation and failure of the roof and the floor,which makes it an effective method to improve the roadway stability. This study has improved the understanding of the importance of rib support in roadway ground control, and revealed the support mechanism of rib-control.
引文
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[3] ZHANG Y,PENG S S. Design considerations for tensioned bolts[A]. Proc. 21 st Int'l Conference on Ground Control in Mining[C]. Morgantown,2002:131-140.
[4]NOMIKOS P P,SOFIANOS A I. An analytical probability distribution for the factor of safety in underground rock mechanics[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 201 1,48(4):597-605.
[5]SOFIANOS A 1. Analysis and design of an underground hard rock voussoir beam roof[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts, 1996,33(2):153-166.
[6]刘洪涛,马念杰.煤矿巷道冒顶高风险区域识别技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(12):2043-2047.LIU Hongtao,MA Nianjie. Coal mine roadway roof caving high risk areas recognition technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(12):2043-2047.
[7]王方田.浅埋房式采空区下近距离煤层长壁开采覆岩运动规律及控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.WANG Fangtian. Overlying strata movement laws and ground control of the longwall face mining in a shallow depth seam in proximity beneath a room mining goaf[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology,2012.
[8]杨吉平.薄层状煤岩互层顶板巷道围岩控制机理及技术[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.YANG Jiping. Control mechanism and technology of roadway with lamellar and coal-rock interbedded roof[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology,2013.
[9] ADLER L. Rib control of bedded roof stresses[A]. Proc. of 4th U. S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics[C]. Pennsylvania State Univ.,Pennsylvania,1961:205-209.
[10]王金安,尚新春,刘红,等.采空区坚硬顶板破断机理与灾变塌陷研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):850-855.WANG Jin'an,SHANG Xinchun,LIU Hong,et al. Study on fracture mechanism and catastrophic collapse of strong roof strata above the mined area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2008,33(8):850-855.
[11]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong, GOU Panfeng. Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[12]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.掘进巷道蝶型煤与瓦斯突出机理猜想[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(2):137-149.MA Nianjie, ZHAO Xidong, ZHAO Zhiqiang, et al. Conjecture about mechanism of butterfly-shape coal and gas outburst in excavation roadway[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(2):137-149.
[13] KANG Hongpu. Support technologies for deep and complex roadways in underground coal mines:A review[J]. International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):261-277.
[14] BOBET A. Elastic solution for deep tunnels. Application to excavation damage zone and rockbolt support[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2009,42(2):147-174.
[15] BOBET A, EINSTEIN H H. Tunnel reinforcement with rockbolts[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2011,26(1):100-123.
[16]左建平,陈岩,孙运江,等.深部煤岩组合体整体破坏的非线性模型研究[J].矿业科学学报,2017(1):17-24.ZUO Jianping, CHEN Yan, SUN Yunjiang, et al. Investigation on whole failure nonlinear model for deep coal-rock combined bodies[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017(1):17-24.
[17] JIANG L,ZHANG P,CHEN L,et al. Numerical approach for goafside entry layout and yield pillar design in fractured ground conditions[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(11):3049-3071.
[18]王猛,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.迎采动面沿空掘巷围岩变形规律及控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):197-202.WANG Meng,BAI Jianbiao, WANG Xiangyu,et al. The surrounding rock deformation rule and control technique of the roadway driven along goaf and heading for adjacent advancing coal face[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):197-202.
[19]王猛,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.深部倾斜煤层沿空掘巷上覆结构稳定与控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):426-432.WANG Meng, BAI Jianbiao, WANG Xiangyu, et al. Stability and control technology of overlying structure in gob-side entry driving roadways of deep inclined coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):426-432.
[20]李顺才,柏建彪,董正筑.综放沿空掘巷窄煤柱受力变形与应力分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,21(3):17-19.LI Shuncai,BAI Jianbiao, DONG Zhengzhu. Mechanical deformation and stress analyses of the narrow pillar of road driven along next goaf for fully-nechanized top-coal caving face[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,21(3):17-19.
[21]李磊,柏建彪,王襄禹.综放沿空掘巷合理位置及控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1564-1569.LI Lei,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu. Rational position and control technique of roadway driving along next goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving face[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1564-1569.
[22]王德超,李术才,王琦,等.深部厚煤层综放沿空掘巷煤柱合理宽度试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(3):539-548.WANG Dechao,LI Shucai,WANG Qi,et al. Experimental study of reasonable coal pillar width in fully mechanized top coal caving face of deep thick coal seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(3):539-548.
[23]肖同强,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.深部大断面厚顶煤巷道围岩稳定原理及控制[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1874-1880.XIAO Tongqiang, BAI Jianbiao, WANG Xianyu, et al. Stability principle and control of surrounding rock in deep coal roadway with large section and thick top-coal[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1874-1880.
[24] JIANG L,SAINOKI A,MITRI H S,et al. Influence of fracture-induced weakening on coal mine gateroad stability[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,88:307-317.
[25]王卫军,冯涛.加固两帮控制深井巷道底臌的机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):808-811.WANG Weijun, FENG Tao. Study on mechanism of reinforcing sides to control floor heave of extraction opening[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):808-811.
[26]徐营,周辉,柏建彪,等.沿空留巷底臌特性与控制方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(S2):4235-4243.XU Ying,ZHOU Hui,BAI Jianbiao,et al. Characteristics and control method of floor heave in gob-side entry retaining[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S2):4235-4243.
[27]王卫军,侯朝炯.沿空巷道底臌力学原理及控制技术的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):69-74.WANG Weijun, HOU Chaojiong. Study on mechanical principle and control technique of floor heave in roadway driven along next goaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):69-74.
[2]侯朝炯.巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2013.
[3] ZHANG Y,PENG S S. Design considerations for tensioned bolts[A]. Proc. 21 st Int'l Conference on Ground Control in Mining[C]. Morgantown,2002:131-140.
[4]NOMIKOS P P,SOFIANOS A I. An analytical probability distribution for the factor of safety in underground rock mechanics[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 201 1,48(4):597-605.
[5]SOFIANOS A 1. Analysis and design of an underground hard rock voussoir beam roof[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts, 1996,33(2):153-166.
[6]刘洪涛,马念杰.煤矿巷道冒顶高风险区域识别技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(12):2043-2047.LIU Hongtao,MA Nianjie. Coal mine roadway roof caving high risk areas recognition technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(12):2043-2047.
[7]王方田.浅埋房式采空区下近距离煤层长壁开采覆岩运动规律及控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.WANG Fangtian. Overlying strata movement laws and ground control of the longwall face mining in a shallow depth seam in proximity beneath a room mining goaf[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology,2012.
[8]杨吉平.薄层状煤岩互层顶板巷道围岩控制机理及技术[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.YANG Jiping. Control mechanism and technology of roadway with lamellar and coal-rock interbedded roof[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology,2013.
[9] ADLER L. Rib control of bedded roof stresses[A]. Proc. of 4th U. S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics[C]. Pennsylvania State Univ.,Pennsylvania,1961:205-209.
[10]王金安,尚新春,刘红,等.采空区坚硬顶板破断机理与灾变塌陷研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(8):850-855.WANG Jin'an,SHANG Xinchun,LIU Hong,et al. Study on fracture mechanism and catastrophic collapse of strong roof strata above the mined area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2008,33(8):850-855.
[11]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong, GOU Panfeng. Mechanism study on strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[12]马念杰,赵希栋,赵志强,等.掘进巷道蝶型煤与瓦斯突出机理猜想[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(2):137-149.MA Nianjie, ZHAO Xidong, ZHAO Zhiqiang, et al. Conjecture about mechanism of butterfly-shape coal and gas outburst in excavation roadway[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(2):137-149.
[13] KANG Hongpu. Support technologies for deep and complex roadways in underground coal mines:A review[J]. International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2014,1(3):261-277.
[14] BOBET A. Elastic solution for deep tunnels. Application to excavation damage zone and rockbolt support[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2009,42(2):147-174.
[15] BOBET A, EINSTEIN H H. Tunnel reinforcement with rockbolts[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2011,26(1):100-123.
[16]左建平,陈岩,孙运江,等.深部煤岩组合体整体破坏的非线性模型研究[J].矿业科学学报,2017(1):17-24.ZUO Jianping, CHEN Yan, SUN Yunjiang, et al. Investigation on whole failure nonlinear model for deep coal-rock combined bodies[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017(1):17-24.
[17] JIANG L,ZHANG P,CHEN L,et al. Numerical approach for goafside entry layout and yield pillar design in fractured ground conditions[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2017,50(11):3049-3071.
[18]王猛,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.迎采动面沿空掘巷围岩变形规律及控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(2):197-202.WANG Meng,BAI Jianbiao, WANG Xiangyu,et al. The surrounding rock deformation rule and control technique of the roadway driven along goaf and heading for adjacent advancing coal face[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(2):197-202.
[19]王猛,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.深部倾斜煤层沿空掘巷上覆结构稳定与控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(3):426-432.WANG Meng, BAI Jianbiao, WANG Xiangyu, et al. Stability and control technology of overlying structure in gob-side entry driving roadways of deep inclined coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(3):426-432.
[20]李顺才,柏建彪,董正筑.综放沿空掘巷窄煤柱受力变形与应力分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,21(3):17-19.LI Shuncai,BAI Jianbiao, DONG Zhengzhu. Mechanical deformation and stress analyses of the narrow pillar of road driven along next goaf for fully-nechanized top-coal caving face[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,21(3):17-19.
[21]李磊,柏建彪,王襄禹.综放沿空掘巷合理位置及控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1564-1569.LI Lei,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu. Rational position and control technique of roadway driving along next goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving face[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1564-1569.
[22]王德超,李术才,王琦,等.深部厚煤层综放沿空掘巷煤柱合理宽度试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(3):539-548.WANG Dechao,LI Shucai,WANG Qi,et al. Experimental study of reasonable coal pillar width in fully mechanized top coal caving face of deep thick coal seam[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(3):539-548.
[23]肖同强,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.深部大断面厚顶煤巷道围岩稳定原理及控制[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1874-1880.XIAO Tongqiang, BAI Jianbiao, WANG Xianyu, et al. Stability principle and control of surrounding rock in deep coal roadway with large section and thick top-coal[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1874-1880.
[24] JIANG L,SAINOKI A,MITRI H S,et al. Influence of fracture-induced weakening on coal mine gateroad stability[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,88:307-317.
[25]王卫军,冯涛.加固两帮控制深井巷道底臌的机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):808-811.WANG Weijun, FENG Tao. Study on mechanism of reinforcing sides to control floor heave of extraction opening[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):808-811.
[26]徐营,周辉,柏建彪,等.沿空留巷底臌特性与控制方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(S2):4235-4243.XU Ying,ZHOU Hui,BAI Jianbiao,et al. Characteristics and control method of floor heave in gob-side entry retaining[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S2):4235-4243.
[27]王卫军,侯朝炯.沿空巷道底臌力学原理及控制技术的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):69-74.WANG Weijun, HOU Chaojiong. Study on mechanical principle and control technique of floor heave in roadway driven along next goaf[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):69-74.