电解锰废渣的浸出毒性及生石灰固化技术
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摘要
我国电解锰废渣产量大,污染物的浸出毒性较强。锰渣堆放方式粗放,渣库管理落后,且长期暴露在自然环境中,导致大量污染物迁移到周边的土壤及水体中。为了解决锰渣的无害化处理问题,在分析其浸出毒性的基础上,研究了生石灰固化技术对锰渣的浸出毒性的影响。结果表明:锰渣中的主要污染物为可溶性Mn~(2+)和NH_4~+-N,含量极高,严重超标;利用生石灰的吸附、包裹及化学反应作用,能有效将可溶性Mn~(2+)固化为难溶Mn O_2,同时将NH_4~+-N转化为气态NH_3,浸出液中污染物浓度均符合相关标准要求;当生石灰添加量为10%,锰渣含水率为27%,预搅拌时间40 min,预静置时间3 d,锰渣浸出液中可溶性Mn~(2+)浓度降为2.60 mg/L,固化率达99.8%,低于5.0 mg/L的标准限值;NH_4~+-N浓度降为21.23 mg/L,脱除率为96.73%,低于25 mg/L的标准限值。
The output of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)was huge in China.Leaching solution of EMR was with great toxicity.While the piling method of EMR and management of tailing impoundment in China was comparatively backward.EMR was exposed to the natural environment in long-term.A large amount of pollutants easily migrated to the soil and water nearby.Leaching toxicity of EMR was analyzed,and influence of solidification technology on leaching toxicity of EMR was researched.The result showed that main pollutants were soluble Mn~(2+) and NH_4~+-N,whose concentration were high and seriously exceeded the standards limit.Soluble Mn~(2+) was transformed to Mn O_2,an insoluble compound.Meanwhile,NH_4~+-N was transformed into ammonia.Concentration of pollutants accorded with the relevant standards.The optimum codition was found as follows:quick lime amount of 10%,moisture content of 27%,pre-mixing time of 40 min,pre-reaction time of 3 d,then the concentration of soluble Mn~(2+) was 2.60 mg/L,and NH_4~+-N was 21.23 mg/L.Removal rate of soluble Mn~(2+) and NH_4~+-N were up to 99.8%and 96.73,respectively.
The output of electrolytic manganese residue(EMR)was huge in China.Leaching solution of EMR was with great toxicity.While the piling method of EMR and management of tailing impoundment in China was comparatively backward.EMR was exposed to the natural environment in long-term.A large amount of pollutants easily migrated to the soil and water nearby.Leaching toxicity of EMR was analyzed,and influence of solidification technology on leaching toxicity of EMR was researched.The result showed that main pollutants were soluble Mn~(2+) and NH_4~+-N,whose concentration were high and seriously exceeded the standards limit.Soluble Mn~(2+) was transformed to Mn O_2,an insoluble compound.Meanwhile,NH_4~+-N was transformed into ammonia.Concentration of pollutants accorded with the relevant standards.The optimum codition was found as follows:quick lime amount of 10%,moisture content of 27%,pre-mixing time of 40 min,pre-reaction time of 3 d,then the concentration of soluble Mn~(2+) was 2.60 mg/L,and NH_4~+-N was 21.23 mg/L.Removal rate of soluble Mn~(2+) and NH_4~+-N were up to 99.8%and 96.73,respectively.
引文
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[24]天津大学无机化学教研室.无机化学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
[2]Zhou Chang-bo,Wang Nan fang.Treating electrolytic manganese residue with alkaline additives for stabilizing manganese and removing ammonia[J].Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering,2013,30(11):2037-2042.
[3]Du Bing,Zhou Chang-bo,Dan Zhi-gang.Preparation and characteristics of steam-autoclaved bricks produced from electrolytic manganese solid waste[J].Construction&Building Materials,2014,50(1):291-299.
[4]汪启年,王璠,于宏兵.电解锰生产废水处理及综合利用[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(1):93-95.
[5]Chao Yang,Xiao Xin-lv,Xi Ke-tian,et al.An investigation on the use of electrolytic manganese residue as filler in sulfur concrete[J].Construction&Building Materials,2014,73(73):305-310.
[6]Du Bing,Zhou Chang-bo,Duan Ning.Recycling of electrolytic manganese solid waste in autoclaved bricks preparation in China[J].Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management,2014,16(2):258-269.
[7]朱志刚.电解金属锰渣制备泡沫混凝土实验研究[J].环境工程,2016,34(12):118-121.
[8]王建蕊,张杰,梁家涛.锰渣制备矿物聚合物材料的实验研究[J].矿冶工程,2014,34(增刊1):478-481.
[9]王文东,岳强,刘国旗,等.传统饮用水净化工艺对锰的去除特性[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(9):4733-4736.
[10]GB 5086.1—1997固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法——翻转法[S].
[11]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[12]GB/T 14949.8—1994锰矿石化学分析方法湿存水量的测定[S].
[13]岩石矿物分析编委会编.岩石矿物分析(第4版,第1分册)[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.
[14]GB/T 5085.3—2007危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别[S].
[15]GB 8978—1996国家污水综合排放标准[S].
[16]罗乐,降林华,段宁,等.环境中微量元素硒的形态学研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(30):18610-18612,18615.
[17]张菁,李睿华,李杰,等.石灰石和黄铁矿-石灰石人工湿地净化河水的研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(9):3445-3450.
[18]刘国,胡凤妹,汤景鹏,等.不同基质人工湿地去除猪场沼液中氨氮性能[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(1):13-18.
[19]彭博宇,沈峥,顾敏燕,等.电絮凝法去除微污染水中氨氮的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(6):15-19.
[20]黄炳行,邓永光,王雨红,等.锰电解液中氯离子的脱除研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2013(6):11-14.
[21]盂庆玲,马桂科,韩相奎,等.某固体废物填埋场对附近地下水的污染及水质评价[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(10):71-76.
[22]聂容春,罗乐,徐初阳,等.不同消解方法对定量研究样品中有毒有害元素的影响[J].现代化工,2012,32(8):112-115.
[23]任伯帜,刘斌全,郑谐,等.锰矿区土-水界面污染流中重金属来源分析[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(12):6-10.
[24]天津大学无机化学教研室.无机化学[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2012.