基于部分移相网络级联的传输线远端串扰消除技术
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摘要
串扰是电气、电子系统内部多导体传输线间的相互电磁干扰,严重时可降低系统的可靠性和安全性,影响系统的正常工作。典型的多导体传输线包括电缆线束和PCB导线等,其远端串扰问题显得尤为突出。针对多导体传输线系统的远端串扰噪声,提出了一种在中低频段大幅消除远端串扰的理论及其实现方法,考虑将两段传输线通过一有源网络级联,两段传输线线长比例可调,并且该网络可通过特别设计,以达到传输线远端端口不含其他导线耦合噪声的目的。另外提出一种"部分移相网络",即对"施扰线"电压进行移相处理而对其余端口不做处理,该网络满足上述串扰消除的要求,并且对于任意传输线系统均存在最优的移相角和线束比例。为了确定最优移相角和最佳线长比例,基于数值计算提出了最优移相角和最佳线长比例的计算流程,并结合两个示例进行了仿真测试与实验测量。研究表明,中低频段最优移相角集中在π附近,且随着频率的升高而增大;最佳线长比例则集中在0.3~0.5之间,两者均与频率有关。
Crosstalk is a kind of mutual electromagnetic interference(EMI) among transmission lines in electric or electronic system, which can decrease the reliability and safety of the system and influence its normal work in severe cases. As typical multiconductor transmission lines(MTL), the farend crosstalk(FEXT) problem of cable bundles and PCB wires is extremely prominent. Aiming at FEXT noise, a FEXT cancellation method and its realization in middle and low frequency range are proposed in this paper. Considering two transmission lines cascading by a special designed network, which can be specially adjusted the length ratio, the voltage of far-end port will not contain coupled noise of other ports. Furthermore, the partial phase shift network(PPSN) which carry on certain phase shift on aggressor lines but do nothing to victim lines is satisfied with the FEXT cancellation, and the optimum phase shift angle and length ratio exist. To find out the optimum angle and ratio, calculation procedures are proposed in this paper based on numerical operation, which is simulated and verified by two practical cases. It is illustrated that 1) the optimum phase shift angle is around π in middle and low frequency range and increases with frequency; 2) the optimum length ratio is between 0.3-0.5, and both of that is closely related to frequency.
Crosstalk is a kind of mutual electromagnetic interference(EMI) among transmission lines in electric or electronic system, which can decrease the reliability and safety of the system and influence its normal work in severe cases. As typical multiconductor transmission lines(MTL), the farend crosstalk(FEXT) problem of cable bundles and PCB wires is extremely prominent. Aiming at FEXT noise, a FEXT cancellation method and its realization in middle and low frequency range are proposed in this paper. Considering two transmission lines cascading by a special designed network, which can be specially adjusted the length ratio, the voltage of far-end port will not contain coupled noise of other ports. Furthermore, the partial phase shift network(PPSN) which carry on certain phase shift on aggressor lines but do nothing to victim lines is satisfied with the FEXT cancellation, and the optimum phase shift angle and length ratio exist. To find out the optimum angle and ratio, calculation procedures are proposed in this paper based on numerical operation, which is simulated and verified by two practical cases. It is illustrated that 1) the optimum phase shift angle is around π in middle and low frequency range and increases with frequency; 2) the optimum length ratio is between 0.3-0.5, and both of that is closely related to frequency.
引文
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[18]朱峰,邱日强,牛大鹏,等.基于有源传输线模型的地-架空屏蔽线缆耦合特性分析与参数计算[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(4):22-27.Zhu Feng,Qiu Riqiang,Niu Dapeng,et al.Coupling characteristic analysis and parameter calculation of ground and above-ground shielded cables[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(4):22-27.
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[20]孟进,马伟明,张磊,等.变换器传导电磁干扰集中等效模型的参数估计方法[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(5):25-29.Meng Jin,Ma Weiming,Zhang Lei,et al.Parameter estimation of lumped circuit models for conducted EMI in power converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(5):25-29.
[2]潘启军,孟庆云,张向明,等.基于互感参数提取的多导体与多导线模型缩减方法研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(8):289-296.Pan Qijun,Meng Qingyun,Zhang Xiangming,et al.A model reduction study of multiple conductors and multiple wires based on extraction of mutual inductance parameters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(8):289-296.
[3]李永明,杨娜,郑亚利,等.汽车不均匀线束串扰特性预测的改进方法[J].重庆大学学报,2012,35(6):48-52.Li Yongming,Yang Na,Zheng Yali,et al.Prediction of crosstalk characterization in cable bundles[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2012,35(6):48-52.
[4]Mansoor R,Koziel S,Sasse H,et al.Crosstalk suppression bandwidth optimization of a vertically coupled ring resonator add/drop filter[J].IET Optoelectronics,2015,9(2):30-36.
[5]Azhagumurugan R,Indumathi P.Far-end crosstalk suppression using complementary split-ring resonators in printed circuit boards[C]//IEEE Applied Electromagnetics Conference,Bhubanewar,India,2013:1-2.
[6]Min B,Yang H W,Palermo S.10Gb/s adaptive receive-side merged near-end and far-end crosstalk cancellation circuitry in 65 nm CMOS[C]//2014 IEEE57th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems,College Station,Texas,USA,2014:77-80.
[7]Im G H,Kang K M,Park C J.FEXT cancellation for twisted-pair transmission[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2002,20(5):959-973.
[8]Huang Baoren,Chen K C,Wang Chunlong.Far-end crosstalk noise reduction using decoupling capacitor[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2016,58(3):836-848.
[9]Wu Boping,Mo Tingting.Barbed transmission lines for crosstalk suppression[C]//2012 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,Singapore,2012:621-624.
[10]Mbairi F D,Siebert W P,Hesselbom H.Highfrequency transmission lines crosstalk reduction using spacing rules[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2008,31(3):601-610.
[11]Caniggia S,Maradei F.Signal integrity and radiated emission of high-speed digital systems[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2008.
[12]Jullien C,Genoulaz J,Dunand M.Extremity crosstalk protection analysis on twisted cables[C]//2015 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,Dresden,Genmany,2015:391-395.
[13]顾长青,邵志江,李茁,等.一种分析线束串扰的等效方法[J].电波科学学报,2011,26(3):509-514.Gu Changqing,Shao Zhijiang,Li Zhuo,et al.Equivalent method for analyzing crosstalk of cable bundles[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2011,26(3):509-514.
[14]张昭,王世山,赵亮,等.多导体线束内串扰概率分布的预测[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(7):204-214.Zhang Zhao,Wang Shishan,Zhao Liang,et al.Prediction of crosstalk probability distribution in cable bundles[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(7):204-214.
[15]冀维林,刘仲亚,李莉.不均匀多导体传输线的瞬态分析[J].电波科学学报,2013,28(3):572-576.Ji Weilin,Liu Zhongya,Li Li.Transient analysis of nonuniform multiconductor transmission lines[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2013,28(3):572-576.
[16]刘磊,崔翔,齐磊.时域有限元法求解传输线瞬态波过程[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(3):112-118.Liu Lei,Cui Xiang,Qi Lei.Transients analysis of transmission line by time domain finite element method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(3):112-118.
[17]高印寒,王天皓,杨开宇,等.汽车线束的动态串扰特性预测[J].吉林大学学报,2014,44(5):1258-1263.Gao Yinhan,Wang Tianhao,Yang Kaiyu,et al.Prediction of the dynamic crosstalk of automotive wiring harness[J].Journal of Jilin University,2014,44(5):1258-1263.
[18]朱峰,邱日强,牛大鹏,等.基于有源传输线模型的地-架空屏蔽线缆耦合特性分析与参数计算[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(4):22-27.Zhu Feng,Qiu Riqiang,Niu Dapeng,et al.Coupling characteristic analysis and parameter calculation of ground and above-ground shielded cables[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(4):22-27.
[19]Delorme N,Belleville M,Chilo J.Inductance and capacitance analytic formulas for VLSI interconnects[J].Electronics Letters,1996,32(11):996-997.
[20]孟进,马伟明,张磊,等.变换器传导电磁干扰集中等效模型的参数估计方法[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(5):25-29.Meng Jin,Ma Weiming,Zhang Lei,et al.Parameter estimation of lumped circuit models for conducted EMI in power converters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(5):25-29.