热棒在根拉公路岛状多年冻土路基工程中的应用研究
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摘要
热棒技术是国内外寒区工程中广泛使用的主动冷却地基的有效方法和关键技术。针对根河至拉布大林公路独特的气候和岛状多年冻土条件,设计间距4 m热棒来保护多年冻土路基,对比分析直式热棒和L型热棒路基的降温效能,实测结果表明:经过2个冬季工作,热棒降低周边半径2. 5 m范围路基温度平均降温幅度超过4℃,能有效抵御夏季路面传下热量,有效地保护多年冻土上限不下移,热棒间距4 m是合理的;与直式热棒相比,L型热棒能更快散发黑色路面传下的热量,L型热棒对于宽幅路面下部冻土保护具有更好的工程效果。
Thermosyphon technology is an effective method and key technology for active cooling ground in cold regions at home and abroad. According to the weather conditions and distribution characteristics of the patchy permafrost along the Genhe-Labudalin Highway,thermosyphons with a space between 4 m were applied to cool the permafrost,and consequently ensure the stability of embankment. In this paper,the cooling effect of the embankment with vertical and L-shaped thermosyphons were evaluated based on monitored ground temperatures.The results showed that the vertical thermosyphon was capable to cool foundation soil within a radius of 2. 5 meters with an average temperature drop more than 4 ℃. Both the vertical and L-shaped thermosyphons can cool the patchy permafrost and lower the active layer,but the L-shaped thermosyphon is better to cool the patchy permafrost in the middle of embankment. Consequently,the L-shaped thermosyphon can provide a much better protection of permafrost foundation under a wide embankment.
Thermosyphon technology is an effective method and key technology for active cooling ground in cold regions at home and abroad. According to the weather conditions and distribution characteristics of the patchy permafrost along the Genhe-Labudalin Highway,thermosyphons with a space between 4 m were applied to cool the permafrost,and consequently ensure the stability of embankment. In this paper,the cooling effect of the embankment with vertical and L-shaped thermosyphons were evaluated based on monitored ground temperatures.The results showed that the vertical thermosyphon was capable to cool foundation soil within a radius of 2. 5 meters with an average temperature drop more than 4 ℃. Both the vertical and L-shaped thermosyphons can cool the patchy permafrost and lower the active layer,but the L-shaped thermosyphon is better to cool the patchy permafrost in the middle of embankment. Consequently,the L-shaped thermosyphon can provide a much better protection of permafrost foundation under a wide embankment.
引文
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[15]Lock G,Chong K,Dyckerhoff A,et al. On the design of windaugmented thermosyphons[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology,1989,16(1):11-23.
[16] Heuer C E. The Application of Heat Pipes on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline[R]. United States Army Corps of Engineers,Special Report 79-26,1979.
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[18] Ma Wei,Cheng Guodong,Wu Qingbai. Preliminary study on technology of cooling foundation in permafrost regions[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(5):579-587.[马巍,程国栋,吴青柏.多年冻土地区主动冷却地基方法研究[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(5):579-587.]
[19] Wang Jinchang,Wu Qingbai. Settlement analysis of embankment-bridge transition section in the permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(1):79-85.[王进昌,吴青柏.青藏铁路冻土区路桥过渡段沉降原因分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(1):79-85.]
[20]Yang Yongping. Research of cooling effect of permafrost foundation by thermosyphon[D]. Beijing:Dissertation of Beijing Jiaotong University,2006.[杨永平.热棒(桩)冷却多年冻土地基效果的分析研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2006.]
[21]Leong W,Hornby R. The application of a CFD code(ASTEC)and a netw ork code(PENHEAT)in analyzing the thermosyphonic behavior of argon gas in a long vertical annulus[J].Applied M athematical M odelling,1996,20(3):200-213.
[2] Zhu Linnan. Study of the adherent layer on different types of ground in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1988,10(1):8-14.[朱林楠.高原冻土区不同下垫面的附面层研究[J].冰川冻土,1988,10(1):8-14.]
[3] Zhang Luxin. Regularity of ground temperature variation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost region and its effect on subgrade stability[J]. China Railw ay Science,2000,21(1):37-47.[张鲁新.青藏铁路高原冻土区地温变化规律及其对路基稳定性影响[J].中国铁道科学,2000,21(1):37-47]
[4] Chen Dun,Ma Wei,Zhao Shuping,et al. Recent research progress and prospect of frozen soil dynamics[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(4):868-883.[陈敦,马巍,赵淑萍,等.冻土动力学研究的现状及展望[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(4):868-883.]
[5] Feldman K. The heat pipe[J]. Mechanical Engineering,1967,89:30-31.
[6] Dun P,Reay D. Heat pipe[M]. New York:Pergamum Press,1967.
[7] Ding Jingkang. Application of permafrost thermal pile technology[R]. Lanzhou:Northwest Research Institute Co. LTD of China Railw ay Engineering Corporation,1990.[丁靖康.冻土地区热桩技术的应用[R].兰州:中铁西北科学研究院有限公司,1990.]
[8] Deng Jun,Li Bei,Ma Li. Influence of heat pipes on temperature distribution in coal storage pile[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(6):62-67.[邓军,李贝,马砺.用热棒技术强化煤堆降温幅度试验[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(6):62-67.]
[9] Gu Shi'an,Gu Changqing. Application of hot rod in islandshaped tundra[J]. Low Temperature Construction Technology,2009(8):100-102.[顾世安,顾长青.热棒在岛状冻土路基中的应用[J].低温建筑技术,2009(8):100-102.]
[10]Li Yongqiang. Influences of diameter of thermal probes on effect of decreasing earth temperature and producing cold quantity along Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay in permafrost area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(Suppl 1):503-504.[李永强.青藏铁路多年冻土区热棒直径对降温效果和产冷量的影响分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增刊1):503-504.]
[11]Wu Qingbai,Liang Suyun,Gao Xingwang. Research of convection heat transfer betw een thermal pile and air[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,18(1):37-42.[吴青柏,梁素云,高兴旺.热桩与空气间的对流换热规律研究[J].冰川冻土,1996,18(1):37-42.]
[12]Pan Weidong,Lian Fengyu,Deng Hongyan,et al. Application principle and prospect of hot rod technology in cold area engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2003,22(Suppl 2):2674-2675.[潘卫东,连逢愈,邓宏艳,等.寒区工程中热棒技术的应用原理和前景[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊2):2674-2675.]
[13]Zhuang Jun,Zhang Hong. Heat pipe,technology and engineering application[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2000.[庄骏,张红.热管技术及其工程应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.]
[14] Ran Li,Xue Xingong,Bao Liming. Applications and technical characteristics of thermal pipe subgrade in Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay design[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004,26(Suppl 1):151-154.[冉里,薛新功,包黎明.青藏铁路设计中热棒路基的应用及其技术指标[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(增刊1):151-154.]
[15]Lock G,Chong K,Dyckerhoff A,et al. On the design of windaugmented thermosyphons[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology,1989,16(1):11-23.
[16] Heuer C E. The Application of Heat Pipes on the Trans-Alaska Pipeline[R]. United States Army Corps of Engineers,Special Report 79-26,1979.
[17] China Railway Engineering Corporation. Qinghai-Tibet Railway permafrost tw o-phase closed thermosyphon heat transfer analysis[R]. Lanzhou:Northwest Research Institute of China Railway Engineering Corporation,2003.[中国铁路工程总公司.青藏铁路冻土热管的传热分析[R].兰州:中铁西北科学研究院,2003.]
[18] Ma Wei,Cheng Guodong,Wu Qingbai. Preliminary study on technology of cooling foundation in permafrost regions[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(5):579-587.[马巍,程国栋,吴青柏.多年冻土地区主动冷却地基方法研究[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(5):579-587.]
[19] Wang Jinchang,Wu Qingbai. Settlement analysis of embankment-bridge transition section in the permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Railw ay[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2017,39(1):79-85.[王进昌,吴青柏.青藏铁路冻土区路桥过渡段沉降原因分析[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(1):79-85.]
[20]Yang Yongping. Research of cooling effect of permafrost foundation by thermosyphon[D]. Beijing:Dissertation of Beijing Jiaotong University,2006.[杨永平.热棒(桩)冷却多年冻土地基效果的分析研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2006.]
[21]Leong W,Hornby R. The application of a CFD code(ASTEC)and a netw ork code(PENHEAT)in analyzing the thermosyphonic behavior of argon gas in a long vertical annulus[J].Applied M athematical M odelling,1996,20(3):200-213.