变粒径双圆盘气吸式精量排种器优化设计与试验
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摘要
针对现有气吸式圆盘型精量播种机播种不同尺寸种子需要更换排种圆盘的缺陷,为节约成本、提高排种器通用性,基于现有圆盘型排种器,设计了一种变粒径双圆盘气吸式精量排种器,无需更换圆盘便可实现不同粒径种子的精量播种。阐述了排种器基本结构与工作原理,并对其工作过程及关键部件进行了理论分析,确定了型孔排布、型孔形状、型孔锥角等关键结构参数,运用Fluent仿真分析了5种组合型孔对气室流场的影响,通过仿真分析获得了最佳组合型孔参数,并在JSP-12排种试验台上进行了排种均匀性试验及正交试验,得到排种性能较好时的负压、排种盘转速等参数的合理范围。结果表明:当排种器圆盘型孔为60°锥角的倒角型型孔,转速为34. 5 r/min、负压为4. 1 k Pa时,其合格率为90. 46%、漏播率为2. 59%、重播率为6. 94%,排种性能较优,满足播种要求。通过田间试验跟踪观察种子后续生长情况,试验得出排种器的平均合格率90. 16%、漏播率2. 77%、播种各行排量一致性变异系数5. 34%、总排量稳定性变异系数4. 86%,与传统排种器相比作业质量显著提升。
Aiming at the defect that the existing air-suction disc precision seeder needs to replace the seed metering disc for seeding seeds of different sizes,and in order to save cost and improve the versatility of the seed metering device,a variable-size double disc air-suction precision seeder was developed,which can realize the precision seeding of seeds of different sizes without changing the disc.Based on the existing disc-type metering device,a double disc structure with variable particle size was designed,its basic structure and working principle were expounded,theoretical analysis of the working process and key components of the metering device were made,the key structural parameters such as hole layout,hole shape and hole cone angle were determined,and Fluent simulation was used to analyze the influence of five combined holes on the flow field in the chamber. The optimum combination hole parameters were obtained by real analysis,and the uniformity test and orthogonal test of seeding were carried out on JSP-12 seeding test-bed. The reasonable ranges of negative pressure and rotational speed of seeding plate were obtained when the seeding performance was better. The results showed that the qualified rate was 90. 46%,the missing rate was 2. 59%,and the replaying rate was 6. 94% when the disc hole of the metering device was a chamfered hole with conical angle of 60 degrees,the rotational speed was 34. 5 r/min and the negative pressure was 4. 1 kPa. The metering performance was better and the seeding requirement was satisfied. During the verification process of field experiment,the average qualified rate was 90. 16%,the seeding leakage rate was 2. 77%,the consistency coefficient of variation of seeding row displacement was 5. 34%,and the stability coefficient of total displacement was 4. 86%.Compared with traditional metering device,the operation effect was significantly improved.
Aiming at the defect that the existing air-suction disc precision seeder needs to replace the seed metering disc for seeding seeds of different sizes,and in order to save cost and improve the versatility of the seed metering device,a variable-size double disc air-suction precision seeder was developed,which can realize the precision seeding of seeds of different sizes without changing the disc.Based on the existing disc-type metering device,a double disc structure with variable particle size was designed,its basic structure and working principle were expounded,theoretical analysis of the working process and key components of the metering device were made,the key structural parameters such as hole layout,hole shape and hole cone angle were determined,and Fluent simulation was used to analyze the influence of five combined holes on the flow field in the chamber. The optimum combination hole parameters were obtained by real analysis,and the uniformity test and orthogonal test of seeding were carried out on JSP-12 seeding test-bed. The reasonable ranges of negative pressure and rotational speed of seeding plate were obtained when the seeding performance was better. The results showed that the qualified rate was 90. 46%,the missing rate was 2. 59%,and the replaying rate was 6. 94% when the disc hole of the metering device was a chamfered hole with conical angle of 60 degrees,the rotational speed was 34. 5 r/min and the negative pressure was 4. 1 kPa. The metering performance was better and the seeding requirement was satisfied. During the verification process of field experiment,the average qualified rate was 90. 16%,the seeding leakage rate was 2. 77%,the consistency coefficient of variation of seeding row displacement was 5. 34%,and the stability coefficient of total displacement was 4. 86%.Compared with traditional metering device,the operation effect was significantly improved.
引文
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[9]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.油菜小麦兼用气送式集排器搅种装备设计及充种性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):26-34.LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,LI Zhaodong,et al. Design of seed churning device in air-assisted centralized metering device for rapeseed and wheat and experiment on seed filling performance[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(18):26-34.(in Chinese)
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[11]倪向东,徐国杰,王琦,等.气吸滚筒阵列式棉花精密排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):58-67.NI Xiangdong,XU Guojie,WANG Qi,et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic cylinder array precision seed-metering device for cotton[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):58-67. http:∥www.j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20171207&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2017. 12. 007.(in Chinese)
[12] KHOBRAGADE H M,KAMBLE A K,DAVE A K. Performance evaluation of pneumatic seed metering device for paddy in puddle[J]. International Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2012,5(1):98-102.
[13]张顺,夏俊芳,周勇,等.气力滚筒式水稻直播精量排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):11-19.ZHANG Shun,XIA Junfang,ZHOU Yong,et al. Field experiment and seeding performance analysis of pneumatic cylindertype precision direct seed-metering device for rice[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):11-19.(in Chinese)
[14] YAZGI A,DEGIRMENCIOGLU A. Optimization of the seed spacing uniformity performance of a vacuum-type precision seeder using response surface methodology[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2007,97(3):347-356.
[15]祁兵,张东兴,刘全威,等.集排式精量排种器清种装置设计与性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):20-27.QI Bing,ZHANG Dongxing,LIU Quanwei,et al. Design and experiment of cleaning performance in a centralized pneumatic metering device for maize[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):20-27.(in Chinese)
[16] SIGN R C,SINGH G,SARASWAT D C. Optimization of design and operational parameters of a pneumatic seed metering device for planting cotton seeds[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2005,92(4):429-438.
[17]丛锦玲,廖庆喜,曹秀英,等.油菜小麦兼用排种盘的排种器充种性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):30-39.
[18]陈美舟,刁培松,张银平,等.大豆窄行密植播种机单盘双行气吸式排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(21):8-16.CHEN Meizhou,DIAO Peisong,ZHANG Yinping,et al. Design of pneumatic seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row in soybean narrow-row-dense-planting seeder[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(21):8-16.(in Chinese)
[19]廖庆喜,雷小龙,廖宜涛,等.油菜精量播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):1-16.LIAO Qingxi,LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,et al. Research progress of precision seeding for rapeseed[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):1-16. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170901&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 09. 001.(in Chinese)
[20] KARAYEL D,BARUT Z B,OZMERZI A. A mathematical modeling of vacuum pressure on a precision seeder[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(4):437-444.
[21]史嵩.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.SHI Song. Design and experimental research of the pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[22] YU Jiajia,LIAO Yitao,CONG Jinling,et al. Simulation analysis and match experiment on negative and positive pressures of pneumatic precision metering device for rapeseed[J]. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2014,7(3):1-12.
[23]辛涛.回归分析与实验设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2010.
[24] KARAYEL D. Performance of a modified precision vacuum seeder for no-till sowing of maize and soybean[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2009,104(1):121-125.
[2] JIANG Xinlu,LI Xuyi,CHI Zhongzhi,et al. Research on potted-tray grown rice seedling transplanting by machine[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2014,15(11):1923-1927.
[3]于建群,王刚,心男,等.型孔轮式排种器工作工程与性能仿真[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(12):83-87.YU Jianqun,WANG Gang,XIN Nan,et al. Simulation analysis of working process and performance of cell wheel metering device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(12):83-87.(in Chinese)
[4]丁力,杨丽,刘守荣,等.辅助充种种盘玉米气吸式高速精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(22):1-11.DING Li,YANG Li,LIU Shourong,et al. Design of air suction high speed precision maize seed metering device with assistant seed filling plate[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(22):1-11.(in Chinese)
[5]耿端阳,张明源,何珂,等.倾斜双圆环型孔圆盘式玉米排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):68-76.GENG Duanyang,ZHANG Mingyuan,HE Ke,et al. Design and experiment of declined disc plate with double ring corn metering device[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):68-76. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180108&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 01. 008.(in Chinese)
[6]颜丙新,张东兴,崔涛,等.排种盘和负压腔室同步旋转气吸式玉米精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):15-23.YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao,et al. Design of pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with synchronous rotating seed plate and vacuum chamber[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(23):15-23.(in Chinese)
[7] DIZAJI H Z,TAHERA M R Y,MINAEI S. Air-jet seed knockout device for pneumatic precision planters[J]. AMAAgricultural Mechanization in Asia,Africa and Latin America,2010,41(1):45-50.
[8] SINGH T,MANE D. Development and laboratory performance of an electronically controlled metering mechanism for okra seed[J]. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia,Africa and Latin America,2011,42(2):63-69.
[9]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.油菜小麦兼用气送式集排器搅种装备设计及充种性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(18):26-34.LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,LI Zhaodong,et al. Design of seed churning device in air-assisted centralized metering device for rapeseed and wheat and experiment on seed filling performance[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(18):26-34.(in Chinese)
[10] KARAEL D. Performance of a modified precision vacuum seeder for no-till sowing of maize and soybean[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2009,104(1):121-125.
[11]倪向东,徐国杰,王琦,等.气吸滚筒阵列式棉花精密排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):58-67.NI Xiangdong,XU Guojie,WANG Qi,et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic cylinder array precision seed-metering device for cotton[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):58-67. http:∥www.j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20171207&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2017. 12. 007.(in Chinese)
[12] KHOBRAGADE H M,KAMBLE A K,DAVE A K. Performance evaluation of pneumatic seed metering device for paddy in puddle[J]. International Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2012,5(1):98-102.
[13]张顺,夏俊芳,周勇,等.气力滚筒式水稻直播精量排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):11-19.ZHANG Shun,XIA Junfang,ZHOU Yong,et al. Field experiment and seeding performance analysis of pneumatic cylindertype precision direct seed-metering device for rice[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):11-19.(in Chinese)
[14] YAZGI A,DEGIRMENCIOGLU A. Optimization of the seed spacing uniformity performance of a vacuum-type precision seeder using response surface methodology[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2007,97(3):347-356.
[15]祁兵,张东兴,刘全威,等.集排式精量排种器清种装置设计与性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):20-27.QI Bing,ZHANG Dongxing,LIU Quanwei,et al. Design and experiment of cleaning performance in a centralized pneumatic metering device for maize[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):20-27.(in Chinese)
[16] SIGN R C,SINGH G,SARASWAT D C. Optimization of design and operational parameters of a pneumatic seed metering device for planting cotton seeds[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2005,92(4):429-438.
[17]丛锦玲,廖庆喜,曹秀英,等.油菜小麦兼用排种盘的排种器充种性能[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):30-39.
[18]陈美舟,刁培松,张银平,等.大豆窄行密植播种机单盘双行气吸式排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(21):8-16.CHEN Meizhou,DIAO Peisong,ZHANG Yinping,et al. Design of pneumatic seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row in soybean narrow-row-dense-planting seeder[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(21):8-16.(in Chinese)
[19]廖庆喜,雷小龙,廖宜涛,等.油菜精量播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):1-16.LIAO Qingxi,LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,et al. Research progress of precision seeding for rapeseed[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):1-16. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170901&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 09. 001.(in Chinese)
[20] KARAYEL D,BARUT Z B,OZMERZI A. A mathematical modeling of vacuum pressure on a precision seeder[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2004,87(4):437-444.
[21]史嵩.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.SHI Song. Design and experimental research of the pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[22] YU Jiajia,LIAO Yitao,CONG Jinling,et al. Simulation analysis and match experiment on negative and positive pressures of pneumatic precision metering device for rapeseed[J]. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2014,7(3):1-12.
[23]辛涛.回归分析与实验设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2010.
[24] KARAYEL D. Performance of a modified precision vacuum seeder for no-till sowing of maize and soybean[J]. Soil and Tillage Research,2009,104(1):121-125.