Free Search算法率定的Sacramento模型在东北寒旱区的应用
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摘要
采用模型对比研究方法,以萨克拉门托(Sacramento,SAC)模型为研究对象,以新安江模型为参考,采用基于动物群体的自由搜索(Free search,FS)算法作为率定水文模型的优化算法,选取松花江水系和辽河水系的3个集水区为实证流域,通过对比FS算法率定的SAC模型和新安江模型在3个流域的模拟效果,验证SAC模型在东北寒旱区流域的适用性。研究结果表明,FS算法迭代计算过程简单,需要设置的算法参数较少,在率定SAC模型和新安江模型时效率较高;在相同的模拟条件下,FS算法率定的SAC模型模拟效果更好,其Nash模型效率系数高于新安江模型,表明SAC模型适用于东北寒旱区流域;但SAC模型在东北寒旱区的模拟精度还有待提升,模型尚需进一步发展和完善。
Free search( FS),which was set up based on the group of animal behavior,was adopted as an optimization algorithm to calibrate the Sacramento( SAC) model and the Xin'anjiang( XAJ) model.Calculation of the calibrated SAC model and XAJ model were conducted for the three watersheds of Songhua River System and Liao River System. Applicability of the SAC model was validated in cold and arid regions of Northeast China via comparison of the simulation results between the SAC model and XAJ model. The results indicated that the iterative calculation process of FS was simple and needed a few settings of the algorithm parameters,and it exhibited relatively high efficiency in the process of SAC model and XAJ model calibration; the simulation result of the SAC model was better than that of the XAJ model under the same conditions and its Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient was higher than that of XAJ model. Whereas,the simulation accuracy of the SAC model needed to be improved in the case of application to the cold and arid region of Northeast China,and the performance of the SAC model neededfurther development and improvement.
Free search( FS),which was set up based on the group of animal behavior,was adopted as an optimization algorithm to calibrate the Sacramento( SAC) model and the Xin'anjiang( XAJ) model.Calculation of the calibrated SAC model and XAJ model were conducted for the three watersheds of Songhua River System and Liao River System. Applicability of the SAC model was validated in cold and arid regions of Northeast China via comparison of the simulation results between the SAC model and XAJ model. The results indicated that the iterative calculation process of FS was simple and needed a few settings of the algorithm parameters,and it exhibited relatively high efficiency in the process of SAC model and XAJ model calibration; the simulation result of the SAC model was better than that of the XAJ model under the same conditions and its Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient was higher than that of XAJ model. Whereas,the simulation accuracy of the SAC model needed to be improved in the case of application to the cold and arid region of Northeast China,and the performance of the SAC model neededfurther development and improvement.
引文
1包为民.水文预报[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
2 赵人俊.流域水文模拟——新安江模型与陕北模型[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.
3 陈仁升,康尔泗,吴立宗,等.中国寒区分布探讨[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(4):469-475.CHEN Rensheng,KANG Ersi,WU Lizong,et al.Cold regions in China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27 (4):469-475.(in Chinese)
4 信乃诠,王立祥.中国北方旱区农业[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1998.
5 赵人俊,庄一鴒.降雨径流关系的区域规律[J].华东水利学院学报:水文分册,1963(增刊2):53-68.ZHAO Renjun,ZHUANG Yiling.The regional law of rainfall-runoff relations[J].Journal of East China Institute of Water Conservancy:Hydrological Fascicle,1963(Supp.2):53-68.(in Chinese)
6 邓沽霖.超渗产流情况下降雨径流预报方法的建议[J].水利水电技术:水文副刊,1965(6):18-21.DENG Gulin.Suggestions on the methods for precipitation runoff forecast in the case of infiltration excess runoff[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering:Hydrological Supplement,1965(6):18-21.(in Chinese)
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8 王斌,王贵作,黄金柏,等.栅格分布式水文模型在高寒区日流量模拟中的应用[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(6):36-42.WANG Bin,WANG Guizuo,HUANG Jinbai,et al.Distributed hydrological model based on grid and its application to daily runoff simulation for high-cold region[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(6):36-42.(in Chinese)
9 关志成.寒区流域水文模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学,2002.GUAN Zhicheng.Hydrological simulation of cold zone in China[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2002.(in Chinese)
10 关志成,朱元甡,段元胜,等.扩展的萨克拉门托模型在寒冷地区的应用[J].水文,2002,22(2):36-39.GUAN Zhicheng,ZHU Yuanshen,DUAN Yuansheng,et al.Application of expended Sacramento model in the north[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2002,22(2):36-39.(in Chinese)
11 DUAN Q,SOROOSHIAN S,GUPTA V K.Optimal use of the SCE-UA global optimization method for calibrating watershed models[J].Journal of Hydrology,1994,158(3-4):265-284.
12 李致家,周轶,哈布·哈其.新安江模型参数全局优化研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(4):376-379.LI Zhijia,ZHOU Yi,HAPUARACHCHI H A P.Application of global optimization to calibration of Xin’anjiang model[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Sciences,2004,32(4):376-379.(in Chinese)
13 陆桂华,郦建强,杨晓华.水文模型参数优选遗传算法的应用[J].水利学报,2004,35(2):50-56.LU Guihua,LI Jianqiang,YANG Xiaohua.Application of genetic algorithms to parameter optimization of hydrology model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,35(2):50-56.(in Chinese)
14 武新宇,程春田,赵鸣雁.基于并行遗传算法的新安江模型参数优化率定方法[J].水利学报,2004,35(11):85-90.WU Xinyu,CHENG Chuntian,ZHAO Mingyan.Parameter calibration of Xin’anjiang rainfall-runoff model by using parallel genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,35(11):85-90.(in Chinese)
15 江燕,刘昌明,胡铁松,等.新安江模型参数优选的改进粒子群算法[J].水利学报,2007,38(10):1200-1206.JIANG Yan,LIU Changming,HU Tiesong,et al.Improved particle swarm optimization for parameter calibration of Xin’anjiang model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(10):1200-1206.(in Chinese)
16 刘苏宁,甘泓,魏国孝.粒子群算法在新安江模型参数率定中的应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):537-544.LIU Suning,GAN Hong,WEI Guoxiao.Application of PSO algorithm to calibrate the Xin’anjiang hydrological model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(5):537-544.(in Chinese)
17 PENEV K,LITTLEFAIR G.Free search—a comparative analysis[J].Information Sciences,2005,172(1-2):173-193.
18 王斌,张展羽,张国华,等.一种新的优化灌溉制度算法——自由搜索[J].水科学进展,2008,19(5):736-741.WANG Bin,ZHANG Zhanyu,ZHANG Guohua,et al.Free search:a novel algorithm for optimizing irrigation schedule[J].Advances in Water Science,2008,19(5):736-741.(in Chinese)
19 王斌,张展羽,张国华,等.基于自由搜索的灌区优化配水模型研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(11):1239-1243.WANG Bin,ZHANG Zhanyu,ZHANG Guohua,et al.Optimized water rationing model based on free search for irrigation district[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(11):1239-1243.(in Chinese)
20 王亚辉,唐明奇.多邻域链式结构的多目标粒子群优化算法[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(1):365-372,358.WANG Yahui,TANG Mingqi.Optimization of multi-objective particle swarm algorithm based on multi-neighborhood cycle-chain structure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(1):365-372,358.(in Chinese)
21 朱大林,詹腾,张屹,等.多邻域结构多目标遗传算法[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):309-315,324.ZHU Dalin,ZHAN Teng,ZHANG Yi,et al.Multi-neighborhood structure based multi-objective genetic algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):309-315,324.(in Chinese)
22 赵人俊.流域水文模型的比较分析研究[J].水文,1989(6):1-5.ZHAO Renjun.A comparative analysis of hydrological model[J].Journal of China Hydrology,1989(6):1-5.(in Chinese)
23 KOREN V,SMITH M,DUAN Q.Use of a priori parameter estimates in the derivation of spatially consistent parameter sets of rainfall-runoff models[M].Duan Q,Gupta H V,Sorooshian S,et al.Calibration of Watershed Models,Washington,DC:American Geophysical Union,2003:239-254.
24 长办水文局.水文预报模型译文集[M].武汉:全国水文科技情报网,1981:1-52.
25 赵人俊,王佩兰.新安江模型参数的分析[J].水文,1988(6):2-9.
2 赵人俊.流域水文模拟——新安江模型与陕北模型[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1984.
3 陈仁升,康尔泗,吴立宗,等.中国寒区分布探讨[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(4):469-475.CHEN Rensheng,KANG Ersi,WU Lizong,et al.Cold regions in China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27 (4):469-475.(in Chinese)
4 信乃诠,王立祥.中国北方旱区农业[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1998.
5 赵人俊,庄一鴒.降雨径流关系的区域规律[J].华东水利学院学报:水文分册,1963(增刊2):53-68.ZHAO Renjun,ZHUANG Yiling.The regional law of rainfall-runoff relations[J].Journal of East China Institute of Water Conservancy:Hydrological Fascicle,1963(Supp.2):53-68.(in Chinese)
6 邓沽霖.超渗产流情况下降雨径流预报方法的建议[J].水利水电技术:水文副刊,1965(6):18-21.DENG Gulin.Suggestions on the methods for precipitation runoff forecast in the case of infiltration excess runoff[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering:Hydrological Supplement,1965(6):18-21.(in Chinese)
7 刘昌明,洪宝鑫,曾明煊,等.黄土高原暴雨径流预报关系初步实验研究[J].科学通报,1965(2):158-161.LIU Changming,HONG Baoxin,ZENG Mingxuan,et al.A tentative experimental study on storm-runoff in Loess Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1965(2):158-161.(in Chinese)
8 王斌,王贵作,黄金柏,等.栅格分布式水文模型在高寒区日流量模拟中的应用[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(6):36-42.WANG Bin,WANG Guizuo,HUANG Jinbai,et al.Distributed hydrological model based on grid and its application to daily runoff simulation for high-cold region[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(6):36-42.(in Chinese)
9 关志成.寒区流域水文模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学,2002.GUAN Zhicheng.Hydrological simulation of cold zone in China[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2002.(in Chinese)
10 关志成,朱元甡,段元胜,等.扩展的萨克拉门托模型在寒冷地区的应用[J].水文,2002,22(2):36-39.GUAN Zhicheng,ZHU Yuanshen,DUAN Yuansheng,et al.Application of expended Sacramento model in the north[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2002,22(2):36-39.(in Chinese)
11 DUAN Q,SOROOSHIAN S,GUPTA V K.Optimal use of the SCE-UA global optimization method for calibrating watershed models[J].Journal of Hydrology,1994,158(3-4):265-284.
12 李致家,周轶,哈布·哈其.新安江模型参数全局优化研究[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(4):376-379.LI Zhijia,ZHOU Yi,HAPUARACHCHI H A P.Application of global optimization to calibration of Xin’anjiang model[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Sciences,2004,32(4):376-379.(in Chinese)
13 陆桂华,郦建强,杨晓华.水文模型参数优选遗传算法的应用[J].水利学报,2004,35(2):50-56.LU Guihua,LI Jianqiang,YANG Xiaohua.Application of genetic algorithms to parameter optimization of hydrology model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,35(2):50-56.(in Chinese)
14 武新宇,程春田,赵鸣雁.基于并行遗传算法的新安江模型参数优化率定方法[J].水利学报,2004,35(11):85-90.WU Xinyu,CHENG Chuntian,ZHAO Mingyan.Parameter calibration of Xin’anjiang rainfall-runoff model by using parallel genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,35(11):85-90.(in Chinese)
15 江燕,刘昌明,胡铁松,等.新安江模型参数优选的改进粒子群算法[J].水利学报,2007,38(10):1200-1206.JIANG Yan,LIU Changming,HU Tiesong,et al.Improved particle swarm optimization for parameter calibration of Xin’anjiang model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(10):1200-1206.(in Chinese)
16 刘苏宁,甘泓,魏国孝.粒子群算法在新安江模型参数率定中的应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):537-544.LIU Suning,GAN Hong,WEI Guoxiao.Application of PSO algorithm to calibrate the Xin’anjiang hydrological model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(5):537-544.(in Chinese)
17 PENEV K,LITTLEFAIR G.Free search—a comparative analysis[J].Information Sciences,2005,172(1-2):173-193.
18 王斌,张展羽,张国华,等.一种新的优化灌溉制度算法——自由搜索[J].水科学进展,2008,19(5):736-741.WANG Bin,ZHANG Zhanyu,ZHANG Guohua,et al.Free search:a novel algorithm for optimizing irrigation schedule[J].Advances in Water Science,2008,19(5):736-741.(in Chinese)
19 王斌,张展羽,张国华,等.基于自由搜索的灌区优化配水模型研究[J].水利学报,2008,39(11):1239-1243.WANG Bin,ZHANG Zhanyu,ZHANG Guohua,et al.Optimized water rationing model based on free search for irrigation district[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(11):1239-1243.(in Chinese)
20 王亚辉,唐明奇.多邻域链式结构的多目标粒子群优化算法[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(1):365-372,358.WANG Yahui,TANG Mingqi.Optimization of multi-objective particle swarm algorithm based on multi-neighborhood cycle-chain structure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(1):365-372,358.(in Chinese)
21 朱大林,詹腾,张屹,等.多邻域结构多目标遗传算法[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):309-315,324.ZHU Dalin,ZHAN Teng,ZHANG Yi,et al.Multi-neighborhood structure based multi-objective genetic algorithm[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):309-315,324.(in Chinese)
22 赵人俊.流域水文模型的比较分析研究[J].水文,1989(6):1-5.ZHAO Renjun.A comparative analysis of hydrological model[J].Journal of China Hydrology,1989(6):1-5.(in Chinese)
23 KOREN V,SMITH M,DUAN Q.Use of a priori parameter estimates in the derivation of spatially consistent parameter sets of rainfall-runoff models[M].Duan Q,Gupta H V,Sorooshian S,et al.Calibration of Watershed Models,Washington,DC:American Geophysical Union,2003:239-254.
24 长办水文局.水文预报模型译文集[M].武汉:全国水文科技情报网,1981:1-52.
25 赵人俊,王佩兰.新安江模型参数的分析[J].水文,1988(6):2-9.