学生资助与大学生的毕业选择
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摘要
高校学生资助工作应立足于贫困学生的经济需求,着眼于大学生的长远发展,进而改变其命运。实证研究表明,获得过一种以上资助的学生毕业后升学的概率较大,对就业起薪也有较高的预期。分类别看,获得奖学金的学生毕业后更有可能选择升学,获得助学金和参加勤工助学的学生更倾向毕业后直接就业,获得助学贷款的学生对未来的预期更不确定;就起薪收入而言,获得奖学金的学生预期更高,获得助学金的学生预期较低。因此,科学安排资助项目,为家庭经济困难学生接受高层次教育或就业创业提供更多的机会和可能性,帮助他们实现最优的个人发展,培养他们成为新时代中国特色社会主义事业的合格建设者和可靠接班人,是高等教育资助内涵式发展的最终目标,也是实现教育公平和社会公平的应有之义。
The financial aid provided for the college students should be based on the economic needs of poor students and focus on their long-term development,thereby exerting influences on their destiny.The Empirical studies based on the multiple Logit Model indicate that students who have received more than one sort of financial aid tend to pursue further education after graduation and have higher expectations of starting salaries for employment.In regard to the classification,diverse financial aid generate different results:students obtaining scholarships are more likely to continue advanced studies after graduation;grantaided students and students who attend work-study programs tend to be directly employed after graduation;students who gain student loans show uncertainties about their future prospects.The starting earnings of students who achieve scholarships are expected to be higher than the others,while grant-aided students expect lower salary.Therefore,it is necessary to scientifically arrange the financial aid aiming to provide more opportunities and possibilities for students from impoverished families to access high-level education,employment or entrepreneurship and help them to achieve optimal individual development,thus cultivate talents to become qualified national builders and reliable successors to the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era,which is regarded as the ultimate goals of the connotative development of higher education financial aid and also the significance of realizing education equity and social equity.
The financial aid provided for the college students should be based on the economic needs of poor students and focus on their long-term development,thereby exerting influences on their destiny.The Empirical studies based on the multiple Logit Model indicate that students who have received more than one sort of financial aid tend to pursue further education after graduation and have higher expectations of starting salaries for employment.In regard to the classification,diverse financial aid generate different results:students obtaining scholarships are more likely to continue advanced studies after graduation;grantaided students and students who attend work-study programs tend to be directly employed after graduation;students who gain student loans show uncertainties about their future prospects.The starting earnings of students who achieve scholarships are expected to be higher than the others,while grant-aided students expect lower salary.Therefore,it is necessary to scientifically arrange the financial aid aiming to provide more opportunities and possibilities for students from impoverished families to access high-level education,employment or entrepreneurship and help them to achieve optimal individual development,thus cultivate talents to become qualified national builders and reliable successors to the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era,which is regarded as the ultimate goals of the connotative development of higher education financial aid and also the significance of realizing education equity and social equity.
引文
曹同艳、崔昱、杨璐,2014:《奖学金激励效应与就业薪酬的相关性研究》,《当代教育理论与实践》第10期。
陈宝生,2018:《进一步加强学生资助工作》,《人民日报》3月1日。
黄维、要攀攀、李凡,2016:《助学贷款对中国第一代大学生学业发展的影响》,《中国高教研究》第9期。
纪效珲,2017:《大学生经济资助对人力资本发展的影响研究》,北京科技大学博士论文。
黎增、徐州,2007,《高校激励与学生就业---论高校学生激励对学生就业的一个偏导》,《中国就业》第6期。
王昕,2011:《高校勤工助学对大学生就业创业推进功能的探讨》,《继续教育研究》第6期。
俞佳超,2010:《浅谈高校勤工助学的就业推进功能---基于武汉市部分高校的调查分析》,《湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版)》第3期。
Baum,S.and M.OMalley,2003,“College on Credit:How Borrowers Perceive Their Education Debt”,Nellie Mae Corporation Report.
DesJardins,S.L.and B.P.McCall,2008,“Impact of the Gates Millennium Scholars Program on the Retention,College Finance,Work-Related Choices,and Future Educational Aspirations of Low-Income Minority Students”,Unpublished Manuscript.
Field,E.,2009,“Educational Debt Burden and Career Choice:Evidence from a Financial Aid Experiment at NYU Law School”,American Economic Journal Applied Economics,1(1):1-21.
Leslie,L.L.and P.T.Brinkman,1978,“Student Price Response in Higher Education:The Student Studies”,Journal of Higher Education,58(2):181-204.
Mattana,E.and J.Joensen,2017,“Student Aid,Academic Achievement,and Labor Market Behavior:Grants or Loans?”,Social Science Electronic Publishing.
Minicozzi,A.,2005,“The Short Term Effect of Educational Debt on Job Decisions”,Economics of Education Review,24(4):417-430.
Nicholson,S.,Vujicic,M.,Wanchek,T.,Ziebert,A.,and Menezes,A.,2015,“The Effect of Education Debt on DentistsCareer Decisions”,Journal of the American Dental Association,146(11):800-807.
Rothstein,J.and C.E.Rouse,2011,“Constrained after College:Student Loans and Earlycareer Occupational Choices”,Journal of Public Economics,95(1):149-163.
Yang,P.,2011,“The Impacts of Financial Aid on Learning,Career Decision and Employment”,Chinese Education&Society,44(1):27-57.
Zhang,L.,2013,“Effects of College Educational Debt on Graduate School Attendance and Early Career and Life Choices”,Education Economics,21(2):154-175.
陈宝生,2018:《进一步加强学生资助工作》,《人民日报》3月1日。
黄维、要攀攀、李凡,2016:《助学贷款对中国第一代大学生学业发展的影响》,《中国高教研究》第9期。
纪效珲,2017:《大学生经济资助对人力资本发展的影响研究》,北京科技大学博士论文。
黎增、徐州,2007,《高校激励与学生就业---论高校学生激励对学生就业的一个偏导》,《中国就业》第6期。
王昕,2011:《高校勤工助学对大学生就业创业推进功能的探讨》,《继续教育研究》第6期。
俞佳超,2010:《浅谈高校勤工助学的就业推进功能---基于武汉市部分高校的调查分析》,《湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版)》第3期。
Baum,S.and M.OMalley,2003,“College on Credit:How Borrowers Perceive Their Education Debt”,Nellie Mae Corporation Report.
DesJardins,S.L.and B.P.McCall,2008,“Impact of the Gates Millennium Scholars Program on the Retention,College Finance,Work-Related Choices,and Future Educational Aspirations of Low-Income Minority Students”,Unpublished Manuscript.
Field,E.,2009,“Educational Debt Burden and Career Choice:Evidence from a Financial Aid Experiment at NYU Law School”,American Economic Journal Applied Economics,1(1):1-21.
Leslie,L.L.and P.T.Brinkman,1978,“Student Price Response in Higher Education:The Student Studies”,Journal of Higher Education,58(2):181-204.
Mattana,E.and J.Joensen,2017,“Student Aid,Academic Achievement,and Labor Market Behavior:Grants or Loans?”,Social Science Electronic Publishing.
Minicozzi,A.,2005,“The Short Term Effect of Educational Debt on Job Decisions”,Economics of Education Review,24(4):417-430.
Nicholson,S.,Vujicic,M.,Wanchek,T.,Ziebert,A.,and Menezes,A.,2015,“The Effect of Education Debt on DentistsCareer Decisions”,Journal of the American Dental Association,146(11):800-807.
Rothstein,J.and C.E.Rouse,2011,“Constrained after College:Student Loans and Earlycareer Occupational Choices”,Journal of Public Economics,95(1):149-163.
Yang,P.,2011,“The Impacts of Financial Aid on Learning,Career Decision and Employment”,Chinese Education&Society,44(1):27-57.
Zhang,L.,2013,“Effects of College Educational Debt on Graduate School Attendance and Early Career and Life Choices”,Education Economics,21(2):154-175.