汽油/柴油双燃料HPCC在不同转速下的高负荷研究
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摘要
在一台改造的单缸柴油机上研究了汽油/柴油双燃料高比例预混合燃烧(HPCC)模式,其中汽油由进气道喷射,柴油采用缸内直喷并引燃预混合气.以1,600,r/min为例,分析了影响负荷扩展的运行参数,通过增加油量并优化各运行参数直至达到如下限定条件即得出900～2,500,r/min下的高负荷优化点:NOx排放≤0.4,g/(kW.h)、Soot排放≤0.01,g/(kW.h)、MPRR(最大压升率)≤1,MPa/°CA以及COVIMEP(平均指示压力循环波动系数)≤10%.高负荷优化点的平均指示压力(IMEP)值在低、中和高转速下分别受NOx排放、MPRR及最大暴发压力的限制,且随着转速的升高而增大,在2,300,r/min获得最大值1.2,MPa.指示油耗率在1,900,r/min获得最低值为169,g/(kW.h).
The highly premixed charge combustion(HPCC)fuelled with gasoline/diesel dual fuel in a modified single-cylinder diesel engine was studied.The in-cylinder fuel blending with intake air port fuel injection of gasoline and direct injection of diesel fuel is proposed as the fuel blending strategy and the diesel serves as the ignition source.At engine speed of 1,600,r/min,the influences of operating parameters on extending higher load were analyzed.To obtain the optimal points of high load at engine speeds of 900 to 2,500,r/min with HPCC mode,the experiments were carried out on different engine speeds and engine load is increased with increasing fuel mass and optimizing the operating parameters until predefined limits were reached.These predefined limits are the emissions of NOxless than 0.4,g/(kW.h)and Soot less than 0.01,g/(kW.h),the maximal pressure rise rate(MPRR)lower than 1,MPa/°CA and coefficient of variable of IMEP(COVIMEP)lower than 10%.Results show that the limits of the optimal high load IMEP at low,middle and high speeds are restricted by the high values of NOx emissions,MPRR and peak cylinder pressure,respectively.Furthermore,the IMEP is increased with the increase of speed and reaches the maximum value of 1.2,MPa.The lowest ISFC value of 169,g/(kW.h)was obtained at 1,900,r/min.
The highly premixed charge combustion(HPCC)fuelled with gasoline/diesel dual fuel in a modified single-cylinder diesel engine was studied.The in-cylinder fuel blending with intake air port fuel injection of gasoline and direct injection of diesel fuel is proposed as the fuel blending strategy and the diesel serves as the ignition source.At engine speed of 1,600,r/min,the influences of operating parameters on extending higher load were analyzed.To obtain the optimal points of high load at engine speeds of 900 to 2,500,r/min with HPCC mode,the experiments were carried out on different engine speeds and engine load is increased with increasing fuel mass and optimizing the operating parameters until predefined limits were reached.These predefined limits are the emissions of NOxless than 0.4,g/(kW.h)and Soot less than 0.01,g/(kW.h),the maximal pressure rise rate(MPRR)lower than 1,MPa/°CA and coefficient of variable of IMEP(COVIMEP)lower than 10%.Results show that the limits of the optimal high load IMEP at low,middle and high speeds are restricted by the high values of NOx emissions,MPRR and peak cylinder pressure,respectively.Furthermore,the IMEP is increased with the increase of speed and reaches the maximum value of 1.2,MPa.The lowest ISFC value of 169,g/(kW.h)was obtained at 1,900,r/min.
引文
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[3]马帅营,尧命发,童来会,等.汽油/柴油双燃料高比例预混压燃燃烧与排放的试验[J].内燃机学报,2012,30(1):1-8.
[4]尧命发,马帅营,童来会,等.燃烧参数对汽油/柴油双燃料HPCC性能和排放影响的试验[J].内燃机学报,2012,30(4):289-295.
[5]Kokjohn S L,Hanson R M,Splitter D A,et al.Fuelreactivity controlled compression ignition(RCCI):Apathway to controlled high-efficiency clean combus-tion[J].International Journal of Engine Research,2011,12(3):209-226.
[6]Alger T.SWRI's HEDGETM concept:High efficiencydilute gasoline engines for automotive,medium dutyand off-road applications[C]//Modern Engine Technol-ogy International Symposium,Beijing,2009.
[7]Inagaki K,Fuyuto T,Nishikawa K,et al.Dual-fuelPCI combustion controlled by in-cylinder stratification ofignitability[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0028,2006.
[8]Wagemakers A M L M,Leermakers C A J.Review onthe effects of dual-fuel operation,using diesel and gase-ous fuels,on emissions and performance[C].SAE Pa-per 2012-01-0869,2012.
[9]于超,王建昕,王志,等.均质混合气引燃发动机的燃烧与排放特性[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2007,2(3):263-270.
[10]Wu H W,Wang R H,Ou D,et al.Reduction of smokeand nitrogen oxides of a partial HCCI engine using pre-mixed gasoline and ethanol with air[J].Applied Energy,2011,88(11):3882-3890.
[11]Heywood J B.Internal combustion engine fundamentals[M].USA:McGraw-Hill Book Company,1988:154.
[12]Li T,Suzuki M,Ogawa H.Characteristics of smoke-less low temperature diesel combustion in various fuel-airmixing and expansion of operating load range[C].SAEPaper 2009-01-1449,2009.
[13]张波.燃料理化特性对均质压燃影响的试验研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.