领导力分布对知识型团队创造力的影响——案例研究
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摘要
采用案例研究方法,以某企业内部的三个产品测试团队为案例研究对象,探讨了团队领导力分布通过知识分享影响团队创造力的机制。研究发现:团队领导力分布有三种情形,其中较强的正式领导力和较强的非正式领导力共存更能促进团队内部的知识分享,从而提升团队创造力;正式领导力与非正式领导力之间存在一定的动态博弈,博弈结果受到正式领导者的知识专长、授权程度以及团队在不同任务时期对知识和专长的需求的影响。
This paper tests the effect of leadership distribution in knowledge team on team's creativity mediated by knowledge sharing by a multi-case study.The result indicates that there are three types of leadership distribution in knowledge team;among them,the coexistence of strong formal leadership and strong informal leadership is the best facilitator of knowledge sharing,and then enhances knowledge team's creativity.In addition,there is a dynamic game between formal and informal leadership,and the result of which depends on the formal leader's knowledge and expertise,his or her willingness to empower,as well as the team's demands for differentiated knowledge and expertise in different task phases.
This paper tests the effect of leadership distribution in knowledge team on team's creativity mediated by knowledge sharing by a multi-case study.The result indicates that there are three types of leadership distribution in knowledge team;among them,the coexistence of strong formal leadership and strong informal leadership is the best facilitator of knowledge sharing,and then enhances knowledge team's creativity.In addition,there is a dynamic game between formal and informal leadership,and the result of which depends on the formal leader's knowledge and expertise,his or her willingness to empower,as well as the team's demands for differentiated knowledge and expertise in different task phases.
引文
[1]HOEVER I J,VAN KNIPPENBERG D,VAN GINKELW P,et al.Fostering team creativity:perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity's potential[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2012,97(5):982-996.
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[8]罗瑾琏,赵佳,薛倩雯,等.团队领导的社会网络对团队创造力的影响---基于SL公司的案例研究[J].研究与发展管理,2015,27(2):113-120.
[9]蔡亚华,贾良定,尤树洋,等.差异化变革型领导对知识分享与团队创造力的影响:社会网络机制的解释[J].心理学报,2013,45(5):585-598.
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[14]DINH J E,LORD R G,GARDNER W L,et al.Leadership theory and research in the new millennium:current theoretical trends and changing perspectives[J].Leadership Quarterly,2014,25(1):36-62.
[15]PEARCE C L,CONGER J A.Shared Leadership:Reframing the Hows and Whys of Leadership[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,2003.
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[17]MATHIEU J E,KUKENBERGER M R,DINNOCENZOL,et al.Modeling reciprocal team cohesion-performance relationships,as impacted by shared leadership and members’competence[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2015,100(3):713-734.
[18]蒿坡,龙立荣,贺伟.领导力共享、垂直领导力与团队创造力:双视角研究[J].管理科学,2014,27(6):53-64.
[19]FRENCH J R P,RAVEN B.Studies in Social Power[M].Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1959.
[20]RAVEN B H,SCHWARZWALD J,KOSLOWSKY M.Conceptualizing and measuring apower/interaction model of interpersonal influence[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1998,28(4):307-332.
[21]FRANSEN K,DELVAUX E,MESQUITA B,et al.The emergence of shared leadership in newly formed teams with an initial structure of vertical leadership:a longitudinal analysis[J].Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,2018,54(2):140-170.
[22]SMALL E E,RENTSCH J R.Shared leadership in teams:a matter of distribution[J].Journal of Personnel Psychology,2010,9(4):203-211.
[23]KURTZBERG T R,AMABILE T M.From Guilford to creative synergy:opening the black box of team-level creativity[J].Creativity Research Journal,2000,13(3-4):285-294.
[24]CARMELI A,PAULUS P B.CEO ideational facilitation leadership and team creativity:the mediating role of knowledge sharing[J].Journal of Creative Behavior,2015,49(1):53-75.
[25]路琳.团队知识共享的动力机制及其作用效果:研究评述[J].研究与发展管理,2015,27(3):16-24.
[26]OVER H,CARPENTER M.Putting the social into social learning:explaining both selectivity and fidelity in children's copying behavior[J].Journal of Comparative Psychology,2012,126(2):182-192.
[27]GANGULY A,MOSTASHARI A,MANSOURI M.Measuring knowledge management/knowledge sharing(KM/KS)efficiency and effectiveness in enterprise networks[J].International Journal of Knowledge Management,2011,7(4):37-54.
[28]DRESCHER M A,KORSGAARD M A,WELPE I M,et al.The dynamics of shared leadership:building trust and enhancing performance[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2014,99(5):771-783.
[29]YIN R.Case Study Research:Design and Methods[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,1994.
[30]MILES M B,HUBERMAN A M.Qualitative Data Analysis:An Expanded Source Book[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,1994.
[31]GIBSON C,VERMEULEN F.A healthy divide:subgroups as a stimulus for team learning behavior[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2003,48(2):202-239.
[32]ILGEN D R,HOLLENBECK J R,JOHNSON M,et al.Teams in organizations:from input-process-output models to IMOI models[J].Annual Review of Psychology,2005,56(4):517-543.
(1)浙江大学文科教师教学科研发展专项。
[2]TJOSVOLD D,TANG M M L,WEST M.Reflexivity for team innovation in China:the contribution of goal interdependence[J].Group and Organization Management,2004,29(5):540-559.
[3]王黎萤,陈劲.国内外团队创造力研究述评[J].研究与发展管理,2010,22(4):62-68.
[4]ANDERSON N,POTOCNIK K,ZHOU J.Innovation and creativity in organizations:a state-of-the-science review,prospective commentary,and guiding framework[J].Journal of Management,2014,40(5):1297-1333.
[5]CARSON J B,TESLUK P E,MARRONE J A.Shared leadership in teams:an investigation of antecedent conditions and performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,2007,50(5):1217-1234.
[6]LEE D S,LEE K C,SEO Y W,et al.An analysis of shared leadership,diversity,and team creativity in an e-learning environment[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2015,42:47-56.
[7]谢晔,霍国庆.科研团队领导力结构研究[J].科研管理,2014,35(4):130-137.
[8]罗瑾琏,赵佳,薛倩雯,等.团队领导的社会网络对团队创造力的影响---基于SL公司的案例研究[J].研究与发展管理,2015,27(2):113-120.
[9]蔡亚华,贾良定,尤树洋,等.差异化变革型领导对知识分享与团队创造力的影响:社会网络机制的解释[J].心理学报,2013,45(5):585-598.
[10]TYSSEN A K,WALD A,SPIETH P.Leadership in temporary organizations:a review of leadership theories and a research agenda[J].Project Management Journal,2013,44(6):52-67.
[11]DENIS J L,LANGLEY A,SERGI V.Leadership in the plural[J].Academy of Management Annals,2012,6(1):211-283.
[12]WHITE L,CURRIE G,LOCKETT A.The enactment of plural leadership in a health and social care network:the influence of institutional context[J].Leadership Quarterly,2014,25(4):730-745.
[13]YAMMARINO F J,SALAS E,SERBAN A,et al.Collectivistic leadership approaches:putting the"we"in leadership science and practice[J].Industrial and Organizational Psychology:Perspectives on Science and Practice,2012,5(4):382-402.
[14]DINH J E,LORD R G,GARDNER W L,et al.Leadership theory and research in the new millennium:current theoretical trends and changing perspectives[J].Leadership Quarterly,2014,25(1):36-62.
[15]PEARCE C L,CONGER J A.Shared Leadership:Reframing the Hows and Whys of Leadership[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,2003.
[16]LURIA G,BERSON Y.How do leadership motives affect informal and formal leadership emergence?[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2013,34(7):995-1015.
[17]MATHIEU J E,KUKENBERGER M R,DINNOCENZOL,et al.Modeling reciprocal team cohesion-performance relationships,as impacted by shared leadership and members’competence[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2015,100(3):713-734.
[18]蒿坡,龙立荣,贺伟.领导力共享、垂直领导力与团队创造力:双视角研究[J].管理科学,2014,27(6):53-64.
[19]FRENCH J R P,RAVEN B.Studies in Social Power[M].Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press,1959.
[20]RAVEN B H,SCHWARZWALD J,KOSLOWSKY M.Conceptualizing and measuring apower/interaction model of interpersonal influence[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,1998,28(4):307-332.
[21]FRANSEN K,DELVAUX E,MESQUITA B,et al.The emergence of shared leadership in newly formed teams with an initial structure of vertical leadership:a longitudinal analysis[J].Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,2018,54(2):140-170.
[22]SMALL E E,RENTSCH J R.Shared leadership in teams:a matter of distribution[J].Journal of Personnel Psychology,2010,9(4):203-211.
[23]KURTZBERG T R,AMABILE T M.From Guilford to creative synergy:opening the black box of team-level creativity[J].Creativity Research Journal,2000,13(3-4):285-294.
[24]CARMELI A,PAULUS P B.CEO ideational facilitation leadership and team creativity:the mediating role of knowledge sharing[J].Journal of Creative Behavior,2015,49(1):53-75.
[25]路琳.团队知识共享的动力机制及其作用效果:研究评述[J].研究与发展管理,2015,27(3):16-24.
[26]OVER H,CARPENTER M.Putting the social into social learning:explaining both selectivity and fidelity in children's copying behavior[J].Journal of Comparative Psychology,2012,126(2):182-192.
[27]GANGULY A,MOSTASHARI A,MANSOURI M.Measuring knowledge management/knowledge sharing(KM/KS)efficiency and effectiveness in enterprise networks[J].International Journal of Knowledge Management,2011,7(4):37-54.
[28]DRESCHER M A,KORSGAARD M A,WELPE I M,et al.The dynamics of shared leadership:building trust and enhancing performance[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2014,99(5):771-783.
[29]YIN R.Case Study Research:Design and Methods[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,1994.
[30]MILES M B,HUBERMAN A M.Qualitative Data Analysis:An Expanded Source Book[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage,1994.
[31]GIBSON C,VERMEULEN F.A healthy divide:subgroups as a stimulus for team learning behavior[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2003,48(2):202-239.
[32]ILGEN D R,HOLLENBECK J R,JOHNSON M,et al.Teams in organizations:from input-process-output models to IMOI models[J].Annual Review of Psychology,2005,56(4):517-543.
(1)浙江大学文科教师教学科研发展专项。