谱比法地震衰减层析反演方法研究
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摘要
由于地下介质对地震波能量有强烈的吸收作用,降低了地震资料的分辨率以及地震资料处理、解释的精度,因此选择合适的参数对地层吸收衰减情况进行有效描述是对地下构造进行高分辨率、高精度处理及解释的有效途径。目前品质因子Q是对岩石弹性参数进行有效描述的重要参数之一。用品质因子Q来衡量地震波能量在介质中传播的吸收衰减情况,是目前提高地震资料分辨率的有效方法,同时也是提高含油气地层解释精度的有效途径。近些年,许多学者提出了多种计算Q值的方法,其中谱比法是在实际中应用最为广泛的Q值估计方法。本文在前人方法的基础上,对谱比法进行了改进,并结合走时层析方法反演Q值,充分利用谱比法在精度、稳定性等方面的优势以及走时层析方法计算效率高的优点,不仅可以提高反演的精度而且能够保证反演的稳定性,提高计算效率。通过模型试算证明谱比法衰减层析方法能有效估计Q值变化情况,具有较好的发展前景。
Due to the strong absorption of seismic energy of underground media, seismic data resolution and seismic data processing, interpretation accuracy are reduced. Therefore, it is an effective way to process and interpret the seismic data with high resolution and high precision by selecting the appropriate parameters to describe the formation absorption effectively. Currently, quality factor Q is one of the important parameters to describe elastic parameters. It is an effective way to improve the resolution of seismic data and to improve the accuracy of interpretation of oil and gas strata by using the quality factor Q to measure the attenuation of seismic wave energy when propagating in the medium. In recent years, numerous scholars have proposed a variety of methods to calculate the Q value, in which spectral ratio method is the most widely used Q estimation method. In this paper, on the basis of previous results, we propose improved spectral ratio method combing with travel time tomography method which can fully take advantage of accuracy and stability of spectral ratio method and efficiency of the travel time tomography method as well. By our method, the inversion precision and stability are guaranteed. By using the model test, it is proved that spectral attenuation method can estimate the change of Q value effectively, and has good development prospect.
Due to the strong absorption of seismic energy of underground media, seismic data resolution and seismic data processing, interpretation accuracy are reduced. Therefore, it is an effective way to process and interpret the seismic data with high resolution and high precision by selecting the appropriate parameters to describe the formation absorption effectively. Currently, quality factor Q is one of the important parameters to describe elastic parameters. It is an effective way to improve the resolution of seismic data and to improve the accuracy of interpretation of oil and gas strata by using the quality factor Q to measure the attenuation of seismic wave energy when propagating in the medium. In recent years, numerous scholars have proposed a variety of methods to calculate the Q value, in which spectral ratio method is the most widely used Q estimation method. In this paper, on the basis of previous results, we propose improved spectral ratio method combing with travel time tomography method which can fully take advantage of accuracy and stability of spectral ratio method and efficiency of the travel time tomography method as well. By our method, the inversion precision and stability are guaranteed. By using the model test, it is proved that spectral attenuation method can estimate the change of Q value effectively, and has good development prospect.
引文
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[10]渡边俊树,佐佐宏一.使用地震波初至振幅的衰减层析成像法[J].国外油气勘探,1994,6(5):589-599.Dubian JS,Zuozuo HY.A method of attenuating tomography using the amplitude of seismic waves[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,1994,6(5):589-599.(in Chinese).
[11]Tarif P,Bourbie T.Experimental comparison between spectral ratio and rise time techniques for attenuation measurement[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(6):668-680.
[12]Martin MSD,Steffens CA,Hendges MV,et al.3-Ultrasonic diffraction from single apertures with application to pulse measurements and crystal physics[J].Physical Acoustics,1975,2(8):151-211.
[13]宫同举,孙成禹,彭洪超,等.几种提取品质因子方法的对比分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):252-256.Gong TJ,Sun CY,Peng HC,et al.A comparative analysis of several methods of extracting quality factors[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(4):252-256.(in Chinese).
[14]Lagan RT.Tracing of rays through heterogeneous media:An accurate and efficient procedure[J].Geophysics,1985,50(9):1456-1465.
[15]赵连锋.井间地震波速与衰减联合层析成像方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.2002.Zhao LF.Study on crosswell seismic tomography combining velocity and attenuation[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2002.(in Chinese).
[16]Paige CC,Algorithm 583:LSQR:Sparse Linear Equations and Least Squares Problems[J].Acm Transactions on Mathematical Software,1982,8(2):195-209.
[17]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.Li QZ.To the path of precise exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994.(in Chinese).
[2]Best AI,Mc Ann C,Sothcott J.The relationships between the velocities,attenuations,and petrophysical properties of reservoir sedimentary rocks[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1994,42(1):151-178.
[3]Futterman WI.Dispersive body waves[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1962,67(13):5279-5291.
[4]王珊.稳定高效的反Q滤波方法研究及其在近地表补偿中的应用[D].大庆:大庆石油学院.2010.Wang S.Study on stable and efficient anti-Q filtering method and its application in near surface compensation[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010.(in Chinese).
[5]Rainer Tonn.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1991,39(1):1-27.
[6]秦宁,李振春,杨晓东,等.自动拾取的成像空间域走时层析速度反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):392-398.Qin N,Li ZC,Yang XD,et al.Image domain travel-time tomography velocity inversion based on automatic picking[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):392-398.(in Chinese).
[7]王辉,常旭,高峰.井间地震波衰减成像的几种方法[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(1):103-109.Wang H,Chang X,Gao F.Several methods of crosswell seismic attenuation tomography[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(1):103-109.(in Chinese).
[8]严又生,宜明理,魏新,等.井间地震速度和Q值联合层析成像及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):9-17.Yan YS,Yi ML,Wei X,et al.Joint tomographic imaging for cross-hole seismic velocity and Q value[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(1):9-17.(in Chinese).
[9]赵连锋,王卫民,姚振兴.逐次线性化衰减层析成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):691-696.Zhao LF,Wang WM,Yao ZX.Seismic attenuation tomography using the successive linearization method[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,2004,47(4):691-696.(in Chinese).
[10]渡边俊树,佐佐宏一.使用地震波初至振幅的衰减层析成像法[J].国外油气勘探,1994,6(5):589-599.Dubian JS,Zuozuo HY.A method of attenuating tomography using the amplitude of seismic waves[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,1994,6(5):589-599.(in Chinese).
[11]Tarif P,Bourbie T.Experimental comparison between spectral ratio and rise time techniques for attenuation measurement[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1987,35(6):668-680.
[12]Martin MSD,Steffens CA,Hendges MV,et al.3-Ultrasonic diffraction from single apertures with application to pulse measurements and crystal physics[J].Physical Acoustics,1975,2(8):151-211.
[13]宫同举,孙成禹,彭洪超,等.几种提取品质因子方法的对比分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):252-256.Gong TJ,Sun CY,Peng HC,et al.A comparative analysis of several methods of extracting quality factors[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2009,32(4):252-256.(in Chinese).
[14]Lagan RT.Tracing of rays through heterogeneous media:An accurate and efficient procedure[J].Geophysics,1985,50(9):1456-1465.
[15]赵连锋.井间地震波速与衰减联合层析成像方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学.2002.Zhao LF.Study on crosswell seismic tomography combining velocity and attenuation[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2002.(in Chinese).
[16]Paige CC,Algorithm 583:LSQR:Sparse Linear Equations and Least Squares Problems[J].Acm Transactions on Mathematical Software,1982,8(2):195-209.
[17]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.Li QZ.To the path of precise exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994.(in Chinese).