基于零偏VSP三种Q值反演方法对比分析及应用
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摘要
准确提取Q值是研究地层吸收衰减特性的关键.对三种Q值反演方法(质心频率法、振幅衰减法、频谱比法)进行对比分析,旨在为衰减特性的求取提供参考.针对零偏VSP数据进行计算,对比总结薄层、频带宽度及低衰减层、波场成分、界面干扰等条件下Q值反演与层位揭示的准确性及差异性:对于相对较薄的层位,质心频率法几乎能准确揭示所有地层,而其他两种方法在薄层分界面处出现异常,误差超过200%;高频成分对频率域方法影响较大,尤其是对于低衰减层的反演;只有下/上行波场时三种方法计算结果相似,全波场时质心频率法效果较好;反射界面的存在会对三种方法造成干扰,反演值在界面处出现跳跃.对比分析三种方法在实际VSP数据应用可知:Q值分层比速度曲线更为敏感,质心频率法Q值反演曲线与地质分层吻合程度最好.
This paper elaborates three different methods,including centroid frequency shift( CFS) method, amplitude attenuation method and spectral ratios method to inverse quality factor value( Q),which is the attenuation characterization. Contrasting on the results from series of zero-offset VSP model data,we discuss several factors to influence the inversion,including thin layers,frequency ranges,low-attenuation layers,different waveform components,and the interface interferences. We find that CFS method is more stable and accurate to layers with high Q value,interface interference,different waveforms, while, other two methods get deviation.Specifically,amplitude attenuation method has the least stability,while,compared with other two methods,CFS is the most powerful to anti interface interferences with the minimum fluctuates;Furthermore,from the application of three methods to field VSP data we can see that,the curve from CFS is consistent with lithologic core best and can reveal depths of each layers better than corresponding velocity curve,however,the other two methods just can show the main trend of Q values with poorly accuracy.
This paper elaborates three different methods,including centroid frequency shift( CFS) method, amplitude attenuation method and spectral ratios method to inverse quality factor value( Q),which is the attenuation characterization. Contrasting on the results from series of zero-offset VSP model data,we discuss several factors to influence the inversion,including thin layers,frequency ranges,low-attenuation layers,different waveform components,and the interface interferences. We find that CFS method is more stable and accurate to layers with high Q value,interface interference,different waveforms, while, other two methods get deviation.Specifically,amplitude attenuation method has the least stability,while,compared with other two methods,CFS is the most powerful to anti interface interferences with the minimum fluctuates;Furthermore,from the application of three methods to field VSP data we can see that,the curve from CFS is consistent with lithologic core best and can reveal depths of each layers better than corresponding velocity curve,however,the other two methods just can show the main trend of Q values with poorly accuracy.
引文
Brzostowski M A,Mc Mechan G A.1992.3-D tomographic imaging of near-surface seismic velocity and attenuation[J].Geophysics,57(3):396-403.
Chen W S,Guan L P,Li Z C,et al.2014.Prestack Q-inversion based on generalized S transform[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(6):706-712,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2014.06.011.
Chen Y M.2016.Full combinatorial optimization Q value calculation method[J].Process in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1557-1561,doi:10.6038/pg20160419.
Dasgupta R,Clark R A.1998.Estimation of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,63(6):2120-2128.
Gao J H,Yang S L.2007.On the method of quality factors estimation from zero-offset VSP data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),50(4):1198-1209,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.04.029.
Jacobson R S,Shor Jr G G,Dorman L M,et al.1981.Linear inversion of body wave data-Part II:Attenuation versus depth using spectral ratios[J].Geophysics,46(2):152-162.
Jeng Y,Tsai J Y,Chen S H.1999.An improved method of determining near-surface Q[J].Geophysics,64(5):1608-1617,doi:10.1190/1.1444665.
Quan Y L,Harris J M.1997.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method[J].Geophysics,62(3):895-905.
Sams M,Goldberg D.1990.The validity of Q estimates from borehole data using spectral ratios[J].Geophysics,55(1):97-101.
Spencer T W,Edwards C M,Sonnad J R.1977.Seismic wave attenuation in nonresolvable cyclic stratification[J].Geophysics,42(5):939-949.
Tonn R.1991.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,39(1):1-27.
Toverud T,Ursin B.2005.Comparison of seismic attenuation models using zero-offset vertical seismic profiling(VSP)data[J].Geophysics,70(2):F17-F25,doi:10.1190/1.1884827.
Wang H,Chang X,Gao F.2001.Several methods of crosswell seismic attenuation tomography[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),16(1):104-109,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2001.01.014.
Wang Z J.2015.Quality factor estimation by centroid frequency shift of spectrum fitting[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),54(3):267-273,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2015.03.004.
Ward R W,Young C Y.1980.Mapping seismic attenuation within geothermal systems using teleseisms with application to the Geysers Clear Lake region[J].J.Geophys.Res.,85(B10):5227-5236,doi:10.1029/JB085i B10p05227.
Watanabe T,Sassa K.1996.Seismic attenuation tomography and its application to rock mass evaluation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,33(5):467-477.
Wu Y T,Zhu G M,Liu Y K,et al.2010.Study on CFS method in Qinversion using zero-offset VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(6):1897-1904,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.003.
Xin K F,Li Z C,Wang Y G,et al.2001.Formation equivalent absorption coefficient inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),40(4):14-20.
Yan Y S,Yi M L,Wei X,et al.2001.Joint tomographic imaging for cross-hole seismic velocity and Q value[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),36(1):9-17.
Zhang F C,Zhang X X,Zhang L Q,et al.2016.Extraction method for quality factor Q based on adaptive wavelet decomposition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),55(1):41-48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2016.01.006.
Zhu D,Min X G,Gu H M.2006.Inversion of attention coefficient based on frequency shift[J].Process in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),29(1):30-33.
陈文爽,管路平,李振春,等.2014.基于广义S变换的叠前Q值反演方法研究[J].石油物探,53(6):706-712,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2014.06.011.
陈雨茂.2016.全组合最优化Q值计算方法[J].地球物理学进展,31(4):1557-1561,doi:10.6038/pg20160419.
高静怀,杨森林.2007.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,50(4):1198-1209,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.04.029.
王辉,常旭,高峰.2001.井间地震波衰减成像的几种方法[J].地球物理学进展,16(1):104-109,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2001.01.014.
王宗俊.2015.基于谱模拟的质心法品质因子估算[J].石油物探,54(3):267-273,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2015.03.004.
武银婷,朱光明,刘伊克,等.2010.零偏VSP反演Q值CFS方法及影响因素研究[J].地球物理学进展,25(6):1897-1904,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.003.
辛可锋,李振春,王永刚,等.2001.地层等效吸收系数反演[J].石油物探,40(4):14-20.
严又生,宜明理,魏新,等.2001.井间地震速度和Q值联合层析成像及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,36(1):9-17.
张繁昌,张汛汛,张立强,等.2016.基于自适应子波分解的品质因子Q提取方法[J].石油物探,55(1):41-48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2016.01.006.
朱定,闵小刚,顾汉明.2006.基于主频偏移反演地层的吸收系数[J].勘探地球物理进展,29(1):30-33.
Chen W S,Guan L P,Li Z C,et al.2014.Prestack Q-inversion based on generalized S transform[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(6):706-712,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2014.06.011.
Chen Y M.2016.Full combinatorial optimization Q value calculation method[J].Process in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(4):1557-1561,doi:10.6038/pg20160419.
Dasgupta R,Clark R A.1998.Estimation of Q from surface seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,63(6):2120-2128.
Gao J H,Yang S L.2007.On the method of quality factors estimation from zero-offset VSP data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),50(4):1198-1209,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.04.029.
Jacobson R S,Shor Jr G G,Dorman L M,et al.1981.Linear inversion of body wave data-Part II:Attenuation versus depth using spectral ratios[J].Geophysics,46(2):152-162.
Jeng Y,Tsai J Y,Chen S H.1999.An improved method of determining near-surface Q[J].Geophysics,64(5):1608-1617,doi:10.1190/1.1444665.
Quan Y L,Harris J M.1997.Seismic attenuation tomography using the frequency shift method[J].Geophysics,62(3):895-905.
Sams M,Goldberg D.1990.The validity of Q estimates from borehole data using spectral ratios[J].Geophysics,55(1):97-101.
Spencer T W,Edwards C M,Sonnad J R.1977.Seismic wave attenuation in nonresolvable cyclic stratification[J].Geophysics,42(5):939-949.
Tonn R.1991.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophysical Prospecting,39(1):1-27.
Toverud T,Ursin B.2005.Comparison of seismic attenuation models using zero-offset vertical seismic profiling(VSP)data[J].Geophysics,70(2):F17-F25,doi:10.1190/1.1884827.
Wang H,Chang X,Gao F.2001.Several methods of crosswell seismic attenuation tomography[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),16(1):104-109,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2001.01.014.
Wang Z J.2015.Quality factor estimation by centroid frequency shift of spectrum fitting[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),54(3):267-273,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2015.03.004.
Ward R W,Young C Y.1980.Mapping seismic attenuation within geothermal systems using teleseisms with application to the Geysers Clear Lake region[J].J.Geophys.Res.,85(B10):5227-5236,doi:10.1029/JB085i B10p05227.
Watanabe T,Sassa K.1996.Seismic attenuation tomography and its application to rock mass evaluation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,33(5):467-477.
Wu Y T,Zhu G M,Liu Y K,et al.2010.Study on CFS method in Qinversion using zero-offset VSP data[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),25(6):1897-1904,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.003.
Xin K F,Li Z C,Wang Y G,et al.2001.Formation equivalent absorption coefficient inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),40(4):14-20.
Yan Y S,Yi M L,Wei X,et al.2001.Joint tomographic imaging for cross-hole seismic velocity and Q value[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),36(1):9-17.
Zhang F C,Zhang X X,Zhang L Q,et al.2016.Extraction method for quality factor Q based on adaptive wavelet decomposition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),55(1):41-48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2016.01.006.
Zhu D,Min X G,Gu H M.2006.Inversion of attention coefficient based on frequency shift[J].Process in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),29(1):30-33.
陈文爽,管路平,李振春,等.2014.基于广义S变换的叠前Q值反演方法研究[J].石油物探,53(6):706-712,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2014.06.011.
陈雨茂.2016.全组合最优化Q值计算方法[J].地球物理学进展,31(4):1557-1561,doi:10.6038/pg20160419.
高静怀,杨森林.2007.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,50(4):1198-1209,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2007.04.029.
王辉,常旭,高峰.2001.井间地震波衰减成像的几种方法[J].地球物理学进展,16(1):104-109,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2001.01.014.
王宗俊.2015.基于谱模拟的质心法品质因子估算[J].石油物探,54(3):267-273,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2015.03.004.
武银婷,朱光明,刘伊克,等.2010.零偏VSP反演Q值CFS方法及影响因素研究[J].地球物理学进展,25(6):1897-1904,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2010.06.003.
辛可锋,李振春,王永刚,等.2001.地层等效吸收系数反演[J].石油物探,40(4):14-20.
严又生,宜明理,魏新,等.2001.井间地震速度和Q值联合层析成像及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,36(1):9-17.
张繁昌,张汛汛,张立强,等.2016.基于自适应子波分解的品质因子Q提取方法[J].石油物探,55(1):41-48,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2016.01.006.
朱定,闵小刚,顾汉明.2006.基于主频偏移反演地层的吸收系数[J].勘探地球物理进展,29(1):30-33.