SF_6/N_2流注放电仿真及协同效应研究
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摘要
建立反映气体放电过程中粒子运动特性的二维流体模型,采用有限元和通量校正传输法对该模型进行数值求解,计算了50%SF_6+50%N_2在均匀电场下的放电规律,模拟了流注发展过程中粒子密度的分布情况,分析放电过程中带电粒子对均匀电场的影响。搭建气体放电实验平台,测量平板电极下绝缘间隙5 mm时SF_6/N_2混合气体的击穿电压,将SF_6/N_2击穿电压的实测值与折算值进行对比,研究不同混合比、气体压强对SF_6/N_2协同效应的影响。结果表明:随着流注向阳极运动,放电间隙内的电子数密度不断增大;在放电初始阶段,空间电荷对电场的影响很小,随着电荷数量不断增加,空间电场产生明显畸变现象。SF_6/N_2混合气体击穿电压的实验测量值大于折算值,且SF_6含量越高,实测值和折算值越接近。可以看出,SF_6/N_2的协同效应在含有少量SF_6时较明显,而当SF_6含量较高时,混合气体的协同效应减弱。
A two-dimensional fluid model is set up in this paper to depict the kinetic characteristics of particles in gas discharge process. The finite element method and flux corrected transport method are used to solve the model and to get the features of discharge rules for 50%SF_6+50%N_2 in uniform electric field, simulate distributions of electron number density in streamer process,and the effects of charged particle on uniform electric field are analyzed. A gas discharge experimental platform is established to measure the breakdown voltages of SF_6/N_2 mixtures with the lower insulation gap of plate electrode at 5 mm, and the influences of mixing ratio and gas pressure on SF_6/N_2 synergistic effect are studied by comparing experimental values with calculated values. The results show that the electron number density increases with streamer moving to anode, and that the influence of space charges on electric field is small in initial phase while obvious electric field distortion will occur with the increase of electric charges. The experimental breakdown voltage of SF_6/N_2 gas mixtures is larger than the calculated one, and their difference becomes smaller with the increase of SF_6 content, which means that the synergistic effect of SF_6/N_2 is obvious when the SF_6 content is small while the effect will be weakened when the SF_6 content is high.
A two-dimensional fluid model is set up in this paper to depict the kinetic characteristics of particles in gas discharge process. The finite element method and flux corrected transport method are used to solve the model and to get the features of discharge rules for 50%SF_6+50%N_2 in uniform electric field, simulate distributions of electron number density in streamer process,and the effects of charged particle on uniform electric field are analyzed. A gas discharge experimental platform is established to measure the breakdown voltages of SF_6/N_2 mixtures with the lower insulation gap of plate electrode at 5 mm, and the influences of mixing ratio and gas pressure on SF_6/N_2 synergistic effect are studied by comparing experimental values with calculated values. The results show that the electron number density increases with streamer moving to anode, and that the influence of space charges on electric field is small in initial phase while obvious electric field distortion will occur with the increase of electric charges. The experimental breakdown voltage of SF_6/N_2 gas mixtures is larger than the calculated one, and their difference becomes smaller with the increase of SF_6 content, which means that the synergistic effect of SF_6/N_2 is obvious when the SF_6 content is small while the effect will be weakened when the SF_6 content is high.
引文
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[18]MARIANI S.A finite element flux-corrected transport method for wave propagation in heterogeneous solids[J].Algorithms,2009(10):1-18.
[19]李鑫涛,林莘,徐建源,等.基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3046-3053.LI Xintao,LIN Xin,XU Jianyuan,et al.Breakdown characteristics of SF6 in uniform electric field using FEM-FCT[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3046-3053.
[20]LARIN A V,MEURICE N,TRUBNIKOV D N,et al.Theoretical analysis of the synergism in the dielectric strength for SF6/CF4mixtures[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2004,96(1):109-117.
[21]OSAMU K,HIROKI K,NAOKI H.Synergy effect in electrical insulation characteristics of N2O gas mixtures[C]//Papers of Technical Meeting on Electrical Discharges,IEEE Japan,2006:95-100.
[22]王海波,狄谦.550 kV SF6气体绝缘高海拔套管绝缘屏蔽结构[J].中国电力,2015,48(1):104-106.WANG Haibo,DI Qian.Structure parameters of 550 kV SF6 gasinsulated bushing insulated shielding layer for high altitude localities[J].Electric Power,2015,48(1):104-106.
[23]何大猛,晏年平,王仲奕,等.500 kV SF6电流互感器内部盆式绝缘子缺陷电场分析和实验研究[J].中国电力,2014,47(8):27-32.HE Dameng,YAN Nianping,WANG Zhongyi,et al.Electric field analysis and experimental study of defective basin insulators within SF6-gas-insulated current transformers of 500 kV[J].Electric Power,2014,47(8):27-32.
[24]耿江海,王平,田姗.SF6气体泄漏光学检测图像特征提取方法研究[J].中国电力,2014,47(1):8-12.GENG Jianghai,WANG Ping,TIAN Shan.Research on the image feature extraction method for laser detection of SF6 gas leakage[J].Electric Power,2014,47(1):8-12.
[25]马鑫晟,龙凯华,马继先,等.特高压用交流电容器局部放电抽检试验技术研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(3):145-151.MA Xinsheng,LONG Kaihua,MA Jixian,et al.Study on the random handover partial discharge test technology of UHV AC capacitor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(3):145-151.
[26]周加斌,陈玉峰,井雨刚,等.特高压变压器磁屏蔽接地线断裂引起局部放电异常的检测与分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(3):110-115.ZHOU Jiabin,CHEN Yufeng,JING Yugang,et al.Detection and analysis of abnormal partial discharge caused by the fracture of magnetic shielding ground line in UHV transformer[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(3):110-115.
[27]李正明,钱露先,李加彬.基于统计特征与概率神经网络的变压器局部放电类型识别[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(13):55-60.LI Zhengming,QIAN Luxian,LI Jiabin.Type recognition of partial discharge in power transformer based on statistical characteristics and PNN[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(13):55-60.
[28]沙彦超,周远翔,聂德鑫,等.直流局部放电试验系统的研制及应用[J].中国电力,2015,48(4):76-82.SHA Yanchao,ZHOU Yuanxiang,NIE Dexin,et al.Development and application of measurement device for DC partial discharge[J].Electric Power,2015,48(4):76-82.
[29]李特,周国良,刘岩,等.220 kV玻璃绝缘子并联间隙雷电冲击放电路径研究[J].中国电力,2015,48(8):92-96.LI Te,ZHOU Guoliang,LIU Yan,et al.Lightning discharge character of shunt gap used for 220 kV glass insulator string[J].Electric Power,2015,48(8):92-96.
[30]谢齐家,普子恒,汪涛,等.特高压换流变现场局部放电试验的电场计算及起晕校核[J].中国电力,2015,48(7):8-12.XIE Qijia,PU Ziheng,WANG Tao,et al.The corona control study of field partial discharge test of UHVDC converter transformer[J].Electric Power,2015,48(7):8-12.
[2]高国英,流新波,刘力文,等.550 kV罐式断路器在寒冷地区的保温方法[J].高压电器,2010,46(8):97-100.GAO Guoying,LIU Xinbo,LIU Liwen,et al.The method for 550 kVtank circuit breaker to keep warm in the cold area[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2010,46(8):97-100.
[3]刘雪丽.SF6替代气体的蒙特卡罗模拟与实验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[4]李旭东,周伟,屠幼萍,等.0.1~0.25 MPa气压下二元混合气体SF6-N2和SF6-CO2的击穿特性[J].电网技术,2012,36(4):260-264.LI Xudong,ZHOU Wei,TU Youping,et al.Breakdown characteristics of binary gas mixtures SF6-N2 and SF6-CO2 under0.1~0.25 MPa atmosphere pressures[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(4):260-264.
[5]陈庆国,肖登明,邱毓昌.SF6/N2混合气体的放电特性[J].西安交通大学学报,2001,35(4):338-342.CHEN Qingguo,XIAO Dengming,QIU Yunchang.Discharge characteristics of SF6/N2 gas mixtures[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2001,35(4):338-342.
[6]汪沨,肖晓林,张宪标,等.基于PIC法SF6/N2混合气体中绝缘子沿面放电特性研究[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(8):220-226.WANG Feng,XIAO Xiaolin,ZHANG Xianbiao,et al.Research on the insulator surface discharge characteristic in SF6/N2 gas mixture using PIC method[J].Transactions of China Electro-Technical Society,2011,26(8):220-226.
[7]朱士华.短间隙SF6、N2及其混合气体放电过程分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2012:11-12.
[8]WU C,KUNHARDT E E.Formation and propagation of streamers in N2 and N2-SF6 mixtures[J].Physics Review A,1988,37(11):4396-4406.
[9]QIU Y,CHALMER I D.Effects of electrode surface roughness on breakdown in SF6/N2 and SF6/CO2 gas mixture[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1993,26(1):1928-1932.
[10]刘雪丽,肖登明,李金忠,等.蒙特卡罗方法分析SF6/N2混合气体的绝缘特性[J].高压电器,2013,49(12):49-53.LIU Xueli,XIAO Dengming,LI Jinzhong,et al.Analysis of insulation characteristics of SF6/N2 gas mixtures with monte carlo method[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(12):49-53.
[11]郭璨,张乔根,文韬,等.雷电冲击下稍不均匀电场中SF6/N2混合气体的协同效应[J].高电压技术,2015,41(1):69-75.GUO Can,ZHANG Qiaogen,WEN Tao,et al.Synergistic effect of SF6/N2 gas mixtures in slightly non-uniform electric field under lightning impulse[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(1):69-75.
[12]周辉,邱毓昌,仝永刚,等.N2/SF6混合气体的绝缘特性[J].高压电器,2003,39(5):13-19.ZHOU Hui,QIU Yuchang,TONG Yonggang,et al.Insulation characteristics of N2/SF6 gas mixtures[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2003,39(5):13-19.
[13]M¨OLLER M,KUZMIN D.Implicit FEM-FCT algorithms and discrete newton methods for transient convection problems[J].Internal Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids,2008,57(6):761-792.
[14]庄池杰,曾嵘.短间隙流注放电数值仿真方法研究进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(22):157-164.ZHUANG Chijie,ZENG Rong.Research and development on short gap streamer discharge simulation methods[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(22):157-164.
[15]汪沨,李锰,潘雄峰,等.基于FEM-FCT算法的SF6/N2混合气体中棒-板间隙电晕放电特性的仿真研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):261-266.WANG Feng,LI Meng,PAN Xiongfeng,et al.Corona discharge simulations of rod-plate gap in SF6/N2 gas mixtures using FEM-FCTMethod[J].Transactions of China Electro-technical Society,2013,28(9):261-266.
[16]ZHELEZNYAK M B,MNATSAKANIAN A K,SIZYKH S V.Photoionization of nitrogen and oxygen mixtures by radiation from gas discharge[J].High Temperature,1982,20(3):257-362.
[17]GEORGHIOU G E,MORROW R,METAXAS A C.A twodimensional finite element flux-corrected transport algorithm for the solution of gas discharge problems[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2000,33(19):2453-2466.
[18]MARIANI S.A finite element flux-corrected transport method for wave propagation in heterogeneous solids[J].Algorithms,2009(10):1-18.
[19]李鑫涛,林莘,徐建源,等.基于FEM-FCT法的均匀电场下SF6气体击穿特性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3046-3053.LI Xintao,LIN Xin,XU Jianyuan,et al.Breakdown characteristics of SF6 in uniform electric field using FEM-FCT[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3046-3053.
[20]LARIN A V,MEURICE N,TRUBNIKOV D N,et al.Theoretical analysis of the synergism in the dielectric strength for SF6/CF4mixtures[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2004,96(1):109-117.
[21]OSAMU K,HIROKI K,NAOKI H.Synergy effect in electrical insulation characteristics of N2O gas mixtures[C]//Papers of Technical Meeting on Electrical Discharges,IEEE Japan,2006:95-100.
[22]王海波,狄谦.550 kV SF6气体绝缘高海拔套管绝缘屏蔽结构[J].中国电力,2015,48(1):104-106.WANG Haibo,DI Qian.Structure parameters of 550 kV SF6 gasinsulated bushing insulated shielding layer for high altitude localities[J].Electric Power,2015,48(1):104-106.
[23]何大猛,晏年平,王仲奕,等.500 kV SF6电流互感器内部盆式绝缘子缺陷电场分析和实验研究[J].中国电力,2014,47(8):27-32.HE Dameng,YAN Nianping,WANG Zhongyi,et al.Electric field analysis and experimental study of defective basin insulators within SF6-gas-insulated current transformers of 500 kV[J].Electric Power,2014,47(8):27-32.
[24]耿江海,王平,田姗.SF6气体泄漏光学检测图像特征提取方法研究[J].中国电力,2014,47(1):8-12.GENG Jianghai,WANG Ping,TIAN Shan.Research on the image feature extraction method for laser detection of SF6 gas leakage[J].Electric Power,2014,47(1):8-12.
[25]马鑫晟,龙凯华,马继先,等.特高压用交流电容器局部放电抽检试验技术研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(3):145-151.MA Xinsheng,LONG Kaihua,MA Jixian,et al.Study on the random handover partial discharge test technology of UHV AC capacitor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(3):145-151.
[26]周加斌,陈玉峰,井雨刚,等.特高压变压器磁屏蔽接地线断裂引起局部放电异常的检测与分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(3):110-115.ZHOU Jiabin,CHEN Yufeng,JING Yugang,et al.Detection and analysis of abnormal partial discharge caused by the fracture of magnetic shielding ground line in UHV transformer[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(3):110-115.
[27]李正明,钱露先,李加彬.基于统计特征与概率神经网络的变压器局部放电类型识别[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(13):55-60.LI Zhengming,QIAN Luxian,LI Jiabin.Type recognition of partial discharge in power transformer based on statistical characteristics and PNN[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(13):55-60.
[28]沙彦超,周远翔,聂德鑫,等.直流局部放电试验系统的研制及应用[J].中国电力,2015,48(4):76-82.SHA Yanchao,ZHOU Yuanxiang,NIE Dexin,et al.Development and application of measurement device for DC partial discharge[J].Electric Power,2015,48(4):76-82.
[29]李特,周国良,刘岩,等.220 kV玻璃绝缘子并联间隙雷电冲击放电路径研究[J].中国电力,2015,48(8):92-96.LI Te,ZHOU Guoliang,LIU Yan,et al.Lightning discharge character of shunt gap used for 220 kV glass insulator string[J].Electric Power,2015,48(8):92-96.
[30]谢齐家,普子恒,汪涛,等.特高压换流变现场局部放电试验的电场计算及起晕校核[J].中国电力,2015,48(7):8-12.XIE Qijia,PU Ziheng,WANG Tao,et al.The corona control study of field partial discharge test of UHVDC converter transformer[J].Electric Power,2015,48(7):8-12.