甘蓝型油菜品种对农田土壤重金属镉与铜的富集差异研究
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摘要
[目的]探讨甘蓝型油菜品种对农田土壤中重金属镉与铜污染修复能力的差异。[方法]选用10个在生产上应用的主要油菜品种在重金属镉、铜污染区与非污染区种植,研究不同品种在两种不同背景土壤下生长期与植株部位对农田土壤中重金属镉与铜的吸收富集差异。[结果]甘蓝型油菜对土壤中的重金属镉与铜有较强的吸附与富集能力,但不同的甘蓝型油菜品种间与植株的不同部位对重金属的吸附富集能力有差异。油菜植株对镉的吸收富集主要集中在茎叶部位尤其是茎秆上,各部位富集能力依次为:茎秆>叶片>根>种籽;对铜吸收富集主要集中在根部和种籽上,各部位富集能力表现为:根>种籽>叶片>茎秆。10个甘蓝型油菜品种对重金属镉的富集能力表现较大差异,苗期秦优10号对重金属镉的富集能力最强,成熟期秦优11号与绵油11号表现出对镉的超富集能力;不同油菜品种对铜的富集能力也表现出差异,苗期秦优10号叶片的铜富集能力较强,成熟期秦优10号与浙油51种籽的铜富集能力较强。[结论]该研究可为重金属污染土壤的修复提供技术支撑。
[Objective]To explore the difference of remediation ability of Brassica napus varieties to heavy metal cadmium and copper pollution in farmland soil. [Method]Ten main rapeseed cultivars were planted in heavy metal cadmium, copper contaminated areas and non-polluted areas. The difference of absorption and enrichment of different cultivars to cadmium and copper in farmland soils at different growth stages and plant locations were studied under two different soil backgrounds.[Result]Rapeseed had strong ability of adsorption and enrichment for heavy metals cadmium and cuprum in contaminated soil, but the ability of adsorption and enrichment for heavy metals was different in different rapeseed cultivars and different parts of plants. The cadmium mainly enriched in stems and leaves of rapeseed plants, especially on the stems. The enrichment ability of each part was in turn: leaves>stems> roots > seeds. The cuprum mainly enriched in roots and seeds, and the enrichment ability of each part was shown as: root > seeds > leaves > stems. Ten rapeseed varieties showed significant differences in the enrichment ability for heavy metal cadmium. In the seedling stage, the enrichment ability for heavy metal cadmium of Qinyou10 was stronger than other cultivars, while in the mature stage Qinyou11 and Mianyou11 enrichment ability for cadmium was best. The enrichment ability of copper in different rapeseed varieties also showed differences. The copper enrichment ability of Qinyou 10 was stronger in seedling stage, and the copper enrichment ability of Qinyou 10 and Zheyou 51 in mature stage was relatively higher.[Conclusion]This study can provide technical support for the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil.
[Objective]To explore the difference of remediation ability of Brassica napus varieties to heavy metal cadmium and copper pollution in farmland soil. [Method]Ten main rapeseed cultivars were planted in heavy metal cadmium, copper contaminated areas and non-polluted areas. The difference of absorption and enrichment of different cultivars to cadmium and copper in farmland soils at different growth stages and plant locations were studied under two different soil backgrounds.[Result]Rapeseed had strong ability of adsorption and enrichment for heavy metals cadmium and cuprum in contaminated soil, but the ability of adsorption and enrichment for heavy metals was different in different rapeseed cultivars and different parts of plants. The cadmium mainly enriched in stems and leaves of rapeseed plants, especially on the stems. The enrichment ability of each part was in turn: leaves>stems> roots > seeds. The cuprum mainly enriched in roots and seeds, and the enrichment ability of each part was shown as: root > seeds > leaves > stems. Ten rapeseed varieties showed significant differences in the enrichment ability for heavy metal cadmium. In the seedling stage, the enrichment ability for heavy metal cadmium of Qinyou10 was stronger than other cultivars, while in the mature stage Qinyou11 and Mianyou11 enrichment ability for cadmium was best. The enrichment ability of copper in different rapeseed varieties also showed differences. The copper enrichment ability of Qinyou 10 was stronger in seedling stage, and the copper enrichment ability of Qinyou 10 and Zheyou 51 in mature stage was relatively higher.[Conclusion]This study can provide technical support for the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil.
引文
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[17] 王宁,南忠仁,王胜利,等.Cd/Pb胁迫下油菜中重金属的分布、富集及迁移特征[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(3):18-22.
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[19] 王一兴.镉对甘蓝型油菜苗期生长的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[20] 武琳霞,丁小霞,李培武,等.我国油菜镉污染及菜籽油质量安全性评估[J].农产品质量与安全,2016(1):41-46.
[21] 张守文,呼世斌,肖璇,等.油菜对Cd污染土壤的植物修复[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):197-201.
[2] 顾继光,林秋奇,胡韧,等.土壤-植物系统中重金属污染的治理途径及研究展望[J].土壤通报,2005,36(1):128-133.
[3] 王小玻.重金属复合污染农田土壤植物修复的研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2010.
[4] SAIER M H,JR,TREVORS J T.Phytoremediation[J].Water,air and soil pollution,2010,205(S1):61-63.
[5] SHAHEEN S M,RINKLEBE J.Phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements by Indian mustard,rapeseed,and sunflower from a contaminated riparian soil[J].Environmental geochemistry and health,2015,37(6):953-967.
[6] 胡鹏杰,李柱,钟道旭,等.我国土壤重金属污染植物吸取修复研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(5):577-584.
[7] 苏徳纯,黄焕忠.油菜作为超累积植物修复镉污染土壤的潜力[J].中国环境科学,2002,22(1):48-51.
[8] 王宁.我国油菜产业发展的现状及对策研究[J].现代经济信息,2015(12):356.
[9] NG S H,SHI Y,HESHKA N E,et al.Laboratory production of biofuels and biochemicals from a rapeseed oil through catalytic cracking conversion[J/OL].J Vis Exp,2016(115).doi:10.3791/54390.
[10] 高永东.木霉菌—油菜联合吸附重金属技术构建与作用机理初步研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[11] 冯刚,王鑫,白九元,等.油菜对Cd污染土壤的修复潜力分析[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2018,55(1):172-178.
[12] 杨红飞,王友保,李建龙.铜、锌污染对水稻土中油菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生长的影响及累积效应研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(10):1470-1477.
[13] 邹佳佳,孟梅,张云,等.农田土壤铜污染评价和油菜铜积累特征研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(3):621-627.
[14] 湖北省地质实验研究所.区域地球化学样品分析方法:DZ/T 0279—2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[15] 中华人民共和国国土资源部.地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范第二部分:岩石矿物分析试样制备:DZ/T 0130.2—2006[S].北京:地质出版社,2006.
[16] 生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 15618—2018[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2018.
[17] 王宁,南忠仁,王胜利,等.Cd/Pb胁迫下油菜中重金属的分布、富集及迁移特征[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2012,48(3):18-22.
[18] 刘春艳.Cu、Cd单一及复合污染对油菜生长发育的影响[D].芜湖:安徽师范大学,2012.
[19] 王一兴.镉对甘蓝型油菜苗期生长的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[20] 武琳霞,丁小霞,李培武,等.我国油菜镉污染及菜籽油质量安全性评估[J].农产品质量与安全,2016(1):41-46.
[21] 张守文,呼世斌,肖璇,等.油菜对Cd污染土壤的植物修复[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(4):197-201.