基于UHPC材料的高性能装配式桥梁结构研发
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摘要
针对现有装配式桥梁结构中共性的技术难题,提升装配式桥梁结构的性能与品质,笔者团队以超高性能混凝土(UHPC)为基础,研发了具有高施工性能、高使用性能和高耐久性能的高性能装配式桥梁结构体系.本文介绍了笔者团队研发的3类高性能装配式桥梁结构:(1)装配式UHPC箱梁结构;(2)全预制UHPC "π"形梁;(3)全预制钢-UHPC轻型组合"π"形梁.通过大量的试验研究和理论分析,掌握了各类装配式UHPC桥梁结构的基本受力性能,并初步建立了计算理论和设计方法.研究结果表明:(1)等强度承载条件下,装配式UHPC桥梁结构自重可降为传统结构的40～50%,以方便运输,实现大构件快速化架设;(2)因UHPC中钢筋锚固长度仅需10倍钢筋直径,现场各梁间结合部可大幅度缩小,可实现现场零焊接,减少现场作业量,并完全规避节点开裂、渗漏的风险;(3)结构抗腐蚀、抗冻、防渗漏性能优良,基本实现结构设计寿命周期内免维护.综合而言,基于UHPC材料的高性能装配式桥梁结构有望突破现有装配式桥梁中的技术瓶颈,具有广阔的应用前景.
To address at the common technical problems existing in fabricated bridges, and to improve the performance and quality of bridge, based on ultra high performance concrete(UHPC) technology, the research group at Hunan a high performance fabricated bridge structure system is developed with excellent performance in workability, serviceability and durability. In this paper, three types of high performance bridge structures were introduced: i.e. fabricated UHPC box girder; fully fabricated UHPC π-shaped girder; and fully fabricated steel-UHPC π-shaped composite girder. Based on a great number of experimental studies and theoretical analysis, the research group revealed the basic mechanical performance of the fabricated UHPC bridge structure, and preliminarily developed the calculation theory and design method for them. Results show that:(1) With the same load-bearing capacity, the self-weight of UHPC fabricated bridge structure can be reduced to 40%～50% compared with conventional fabricated bridge structures, and it's convenient for large bridge component to be transported and hoisted,(2) Since the anchorage length of rebars can be dropped to 10 d in UHPC, the field-cast joint between various girders can be obviously reduced. As a result, the welding of rebars and the amount of work in the construction site can be canceled and decreased respectively, while the risk of cracking and leakage in joint could be completely avoided;(3) The UHPC fabricated bridge structures could be maintenance-free in the service life owing to its excellent corrosion, freeze-thaw cycles and leakage resistance. To sum up, since the high performance fabricated UHPC bridge structures have the potential of overcoming technical bottlenecks in conventional fabricated bridges, they should have a promising future.
To address at the common technical problems existing in fabricated bridges, and to improve the performance and quality of bridge, based on ultra high performance concrete(UHPC) technology, the research group at Hunan a high performance fabricated bridge structure system is developed with excellent performance in workability, serviceability and durability. In this paper, three types of high performance bridge structures were introduced: i.e. fabricated UHPC box girder; fully fabricated UHPC π-shaped girder; and fully fabricated steel-UHPC π-shaped composite girder. Based on a great number of experimental studies and theoretical analysis, the research group revealed the basic mechanical performance of the fabricated UHPC bridge structure, and preliminarily developed the calculation theory and design method for them. Results show that:(1) With the same load-bearing capacity, the self-weight of UHPC fabricated bridge structure can be reduced to 40%～50% compared with conventional fabricated bridge structures, and it's convenient for large bridge component to be transported and hoisted,(2) Since the anchorage length of rebars can be dropped to 10 d in UHPC, the field-cast joint between various girders can be obviously reduced. As a result, the welding of rebars and the amount of work in the construction site can be canceled and decreased respectively, while the risk of cracking and leakage in joint could be completely avoided;(3) The UHPC fabricated bridge structures could be maintenance-free in the service life owing to its excellent corrosion, freeze-thaw cycles and leakage resistance. To sum up, since the high performance fabricated UHPC bridge structures have the potential of overcoming technical bottlenecks in conventional fabricated bridges, they should have a promising future.
引文
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[13] 邵旭东,詹豪,雷薇,等.超大跨径单向预应力UHPC连续箱梁桥概念设计与初步实验[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(8):83-89.SHAO Xudong,ZHAN Hao,LEI Wei,et al.Conceptual design and preliminary experiment of super-long-span continuous box-girder bridge composed of one-way prestressed UHPC [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(8),83-89.
[14] 王岗.混凝土空心板梁桥典型病害机理研究 [D].杭州:浙江大学,2016:8-11.WANG Gang.Mechanism analysis on typical diseases of prestressed concrete hollow-core slab bridge[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016:8-11.
[15] 储兵,杨未蓬.简支变结构连续T梁病害原因分析及处理措施[J].工程建设,2018,50(3):50-53.CHU Bing,YANG Weipeng.Analysis of disease causes of simply-supported variable structure continuous T beam and treatment measures [J].Engineering Construction,2018,50(3):50-53.
[16] 邵旭东,管亚萍,晏班夫.预制超高性能混凝土π形梁桥的设计与初步试验[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(1):46-56.SHAO Xudong,GUAN Yaping,YAN Banfu.Design and preliminary experiments of UHPC π-shaped girder bridge [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31(1):46-56.
[17] 聂建国.钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁 [M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011:134NIE Jianguo.Steel-concrete composite bridge [M].Beijing:China Communication Press,2011:134.
[18] 邓舒文,邵旭东,晏班夫,等.全预制快速架设钢-UHPC轻型组合城市桥梁 [J].中国公路学报,2017,30(3):159-166.DENG Shuwen,SHAO Xudong,YAN Banfu,et al.Lightweight steel-UHPC composite bridge with overall prefabrication and fast erection in city [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,33(3):159-166.
[2] 王德辉,史才军,吴林妹.超高性能混凝土在中国的研究和应用[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(1):141-149.WANG Dehui,SHI Caijun,WU Linmei.Research and application of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in China [J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2016,35(1):141-149
[3] 方志,杨剑.FRP 和 RPC 在土木工程中的研究与应用[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2005,2(4):54-61.FANG Zhi,YANG Jian.Study and application of FRP and RPC in civil engineering[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2005,2(4):54-61.
[4] 邵旭东,曹君辉.面向未来的高性能桥梁结构研发与应用[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2017,34(5):41-57.SHAO Xudong,CAO Junhui.Research and application of high performance bridge structures toward future [J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2017,34(5):41-57.
[5] LARRARD F.De,SEDRAN T.Optimization of ultra-high-performance concrete by using a packing model [J].Cement and Concrete Research,1994,24(6):997-1009.
[6] RICHARD Pierre,CHEYREZY Marcel.Composition of reactive powder concretes [J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1995,25(7):1501-1511.
[7] WANG Deihui,SHI Caijun,WU Zemei,et al.A review on ultra high performance concrete:Part II.Hydration microstructure and properties [J].Construction and Building Materials,2015,96:368-377.
[8] KIM Byun-Suk,KOH Gyungtaek,CHO Jeongrae,et al.Toward the next generation of concrete structures:recent advances in UHPC technology[C]//Proc.of IABSE Conference.Guangzhou:isbse 2016,46-59.
[9] 邵旭东,邱明红,晏班夫,等.超高性能混凝土在国内外桥梁工程中的研究与应用进展[J].材料导报,2017,31(12):33-43.SHAO Xudong,QIU Minghong,YAN Banfu,et al.A review on the research and application of ultra-high performance concrete in bridge engineering around the world[J].Materials Review,2017,31(12):33-43.
[10] 楼庄鸿.大跨径梁式桥的主要病害[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(4):84-87.LOU Zhuanghong.Main faults in large span beam bridges [J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2006,23 (4):84-87.
[11] 王国亮,谢峻,傅宇芳.在用大跨度预应力混凝土箱梁桥裂缝调查研究[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(8):52-56.WANG Guoliang,XIE Jun,FU Yufang.Investigation research on crack of long-span prestressed concrete box girder bridges in service[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2008,25(8):52-56.
[12] 谢峻,王国亮,郑晓华.大跨径预应力混凝土箱梁桥长期下挠问题的研究现状[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(1),47-50.XIE Jun,WANG Guoliang,ZHENG Xiaohua.State of art of long-term deflection for long span prestressed concrete box-girder bridge[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2007,24(1):47-50.
[13] 邵旭东,詹豪,雷薇,等.超大跨径单向预应力UHPC连续箱梁桥概念设计与初步实验[J].土木工程学报,2013,46(8):83-89.SHAO Xudong,ZHAN Hao,LEI Wei,et al.Conceptual design and preliminary experiment of super-long-span continuous box-girder bridge composed of one-way prestressed UHPC [J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2013,46(8),83-89.
[14] 王岗.混凝土空心板梁桥典型病害机理研究 [D].杭州:浙江大学,2016:8-11.WANG Gang.Mechanism analysis on typical diseases of prestressed concrete hollow-core slab bridge[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016:8-11.
[15] 储兵,杨未蓬.简支变结构连续T梁病害原因分析及处理措施[J].工程建设,2018,50(3):50-53.CHU Bing,YANG Weipeng.Analysis of disease causes of simply-supported variable structure continuous T beam and treatment measures [J].Engineering Construction,2018,50(3):50-53.
[16] 邵旭东,管亚萍,晏班夫.预制超高性能混凝土π形梁桥的设计与初步试验[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(1):46-56.SHAO Xudong,GUAN Yaping,YAN Banfu.Design and preliminary experiments of UHPC π-shaped girder bridge [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2018,31(1):46-56.
[17] 聂建国.钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁 [M].北京:人民交通出版社,2011:134NIE Jianguo.Steel-concrete composite bridge [M].Beijing:China Communication Press,2011:134.
[18] 邓舒文,邵旭东,晏班夫,等.全预制快速架设钢-UHPC轻型组合城市桥梁 [J].中国公路学报,2017,30(3):159-166.DENG Shuwen,SHAO Xudong,YAN Banfu,et al.Lightweight steel-UHPC composite bridge with overall prefabrication and fast erection in city [J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2017,33(3):159-166.